形容词和副词 语法及练习

1、形容词和副词一、 形容词在句中的位置1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前。2.若修饰不定代词 something, anything, everything或 nothing 时,应放在其后。如:nothing new3. else 修饰上述不定代词或疑问代词 (who, whom, what等时,也放其后。What else do you want?I dont want anything else.4. enough 用做形容词,放在所修饰的名词前或后均可,修饰形容词或副词时必须后置5. 下列形容词只能作定语 (位于名词前 :elder 年长的, other 其他的, very 非常,

2、 little 小的, southern 南方的, man-made 人造的, hard-working 努力的工作的, five-year-old 五岁的,某些以结尾的形容词:weekly, daily, yearly, hourly, manly, friendly, ugly, lovely下列形容词只能作表语(连系动词后面:glad 高兴的, sorry 抱歉, certain 当然、有把握的, sure 肯定、有把握的, ill 生病的,well 健康的, afraid 害怕的, alone 独自一人的, alive 活着的, sleep 睡着的, awake 醒着的 , alike

3、 相象的6.某些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或物(因此看成复数,起其作用相当于一个名词。 如:the old老人, the young年轻人, the rich富人, the dead死者7.如果两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其先后排列循序一般如下规律:限定词(a/the, my/this+数量词(先序后基 +大 / 小 + 新 /旧 + 颜色 + 国籍+ 材料 + 名词an old big brown wooden box 一个旧而大的棕色木箱子two tall young Japanese girls 两位高个、年轻的日本姑娘8. Ill 作定语时表示 “ 坏的 ” 、 “ 不吉

4、祥的 ”“ 邪恶的 ”“ 恶意的 ” ;作表语表示 “ 生病的 ” , “ 身体不适的 ”“ 不健康的 ”certain 作定语表示 “ 某个 ”“ 某些 ”“ 某种 ” ,作表语时意为 “ 肯定的 ”“ 必然的 ”“ 有把握的 ”二、副词的位置1.程度副词(如 very, much, still, almost等一般放在被修饰词之前(enough 例外2.多数副词放在动词后面。频度副词(如:always, often, sometimes, never, usually等常放在行为动词前,系动词 be 、情态动词或助动词之后。The plane flew very high.He alway

5、s helps others.He is always late for school.He will always be remembered by the Chinese people.1. 若地点副词与时间副词同在一句,一般是地点在前,同一性质的副词小单位在前Im going to meet her at the station in Beijing at 9 tomorrow.三、形容词和副词的级(原级,比较级,最高级1.比较级和最高级的词形变化,有规则和不规则之分。大多数单音节词和少数双音节词构成比较级和最高级时通常在其词尾加或。l 以 e 结尾的词只需加 -r , -st 。如 :

6、 nice nicer nicestl 以辅音字母 +结尾的先变 y 为 i ,再加 -er, est,如:happy happier-happiestl 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节, 双写这一辅音字母再加 er,est , 如:thin thinner-thinnest 请大家记住顺口溜:大 (big bigger biggest 红 (red redder reddest 肥 (fat fatter fattest 瘦 (thin thinner thinnest 热 hot hotter hottest 湿 (wet wetter wettest 难受 (sad sadder sad

7、dest2.大部分双音节词和多音节词须在其前加 more 构成比较级,加 most 构成最高级。3.还有少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的。常见的有:原级 比较级 最高级good/well better 较好 best 最好bad/ill worse 较坏 worst 最坏little less 较少 least 最少many/much more 较多 most 最多far farther 较远 farthest 最远further 进一步 furthest 更进一步old older 较老 /旧 oldest 最老 /旧elder 仅用兄妹间 eldest 仅用兄妹间四、形容词和副词

8、的句型结构1.用原级进行比较,其句型结构是:主 +谓 +as/so+adj./adv.+as+主 (否定句中可用 so 或 as ,而肯定句中只能用 as 这种结构还可以用倍数加以修饰Bob runs as/so fast as I .Our garden isnt as/so beautiful as theirs.This room is twice as big as yours.2.用比较级进行比较要用连词 than ,其结构是:主 +谓 +形容词 /副词的比较级 +than+主 (有时和其后的部分可以省略。The students of Class Two study more ca

9、refully than those of Class One.Are you feeling better now (than before?3.一些表示程度的副词如 much, far, rather, a little(bit, even, still, a lot等,以及数量和倍数的 词可放在比较级前加以修饰。My brother runs much faster than I .She is three years old than Li Ming.4.对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,要用最高级,其结构是:“the+最高级(+名词 +比较范围(of 或 in 短语。 ”Yang

10、Wei studies (the hardest in her class.5.比较级的几个特殊句型l the+比较级, the+比较级,表示 “ 越来 越 ,越 就越 ” A. much more lighter B. much more light C. more lighter D. much lighter ( 4. She is careful as I , but ImA. as, much careful B. so, more carefulC. as, much more careful D. so, very careful( 5. I think science isA.

11、 so difficult as B. as difficult as C. very difficult D. much difficult than ( 6. Allan is one ofA. more B. the more C. most D. the most( 7. Which do you likeA, good B. well C. best D. better( 8. I dont think Unit 12 is more difficult. I think it isA. more easily B. more easier C. much easily D. muc

12、h easier( 9. No one can run as fast as John in his class. The sentence meansA. John runs fastest in his class.B. John runs faster than any other boy in his class.C. John runs more slowly than any other student in his class.D. John runs as fast as others in his class.( 10. Of all the apples, Jims isA

13、. the bigger B. the biggest C. bigger D. biggest( 11. Maths A. are, important one of the subjects in middle schools. B. is, most important D. are, much important ill. C. is, more important ( 12. What a cough! You seem A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, ter

14、ribly ( 13. The Yellow River is A. the two long C. the second longer river in China. B. the second longer D. two longest yours. ( 14. Do you have a big library? No, we dont. at least, not A. bigger, as B. as big as C. as big than D. as bigger than ( 15. There are a lot A. of B. most people today tha

15、n yesterday. C. much D. more ( 16. She has been ill since last week. How is she now? She is A. worse today. B. iller C. worst D. much more ill of the three. ( 17. John has three sisters. Mary is the A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer by road. ( 18. It takes a long time to go there by train. It is A. quick B. the quickest C. much quicker D. quicker it did. D. so fast as ( 19.