初中形容词、副词比较级与最高级用法

1、回顾:原级的构成和用法l 构成:形容词,副词的原级形式是形容词2 用法:表示双方在程度, 性质, 特征等某方面相等时, 用 " as 十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构;表示双方不相等时,用 " not so (as十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时, 用 " 倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构. e.g. Ms. Sun speaks English as fluently as you.This building looks not so (as high as that one.This

2、room is three times as large as that one.1. 比较级和最高级的构成1 加 -er,-est 构成比较级和最高级。单音节形容词和副词 以不发音的 -e 结尾的High higher highest safe safer safestHard harder hardest late later latestsmall-smaller-smallest large-larger-largestnew-newer-newest nice-nicer-nicest辅音字母要双写的情况 以辅音加 -y 结尾的情况Big bigger biggest dry dri

3、er driestHot hotter hottest merry merrier merriest Thin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest1. 写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级:1. nice _ 2. fat _3. slow _ 4. dry _5. happy _ 6. wet _7. thin _ 8. far _9. early _ 10. careful_15. exciting _ 16. busy _2. 根据句意,用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空:1. Mr. Smith is _ _ man in this office.

4、 (rich2. Winter is _ _ season of the years. (cold3. This radio is not so _ _ as that one. (cheap4. It is much _ _ today than yesterday. (hot5. She is a little _ _ than her classmates. (careful6. _ _ people came to the meeting than last time. (many7. Which book is _ _, this one or that one? (easy8. M

5、y room is _ _ than yours. (small9. Hainan is _ _ from Beijing than Hunan. (far10. Skating is _ _ than swimming. (exciting11. Jim is _ _ than all the others. (honest12. The higher you climb, the _ _ it will be. (cold13.There are _ _ boys than girls in our class. (few2 加 more, most构成比较级和最高级多音节的形容词 由形容

6、词加 -ly 构成的副词 Expensive more expensive most expensive slowly more slowly most slowlyCarefully more carefully most carefully highly more highly most highly以 -ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive, -ing等结尾的双元音形容词Useless more useless most uselessSerious more serious most serious分词形容词 tired,pleased 及 glad,often,real

7、, right,wrong等单音节形容词。Tired more tired most tiredGlad more glad most glad小练习:写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _brightly_ -_ far_ _quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_7. Things are getting _ and _. (bad3下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法.cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruelo

8、ften oftener oftenest more often most oftenstrict stricter strictest more strict most strictfriendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly4 形容词。副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法Good/well better bestBad/ill/badly worse worstMany/much more mostLittle less leastFar farther/further farthest/furthestOld old

9、er/elder oldest/eldest小练习 :1. much _ 2 ill _3. little _ 4. bad _用所给词的正确形式填空:1. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive2. Gold(黄金 is _ (little useful than iron(铁 .3. My sister is two years _ (old than I.4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young child.5. She will be much _ (ha

10、ppy in her new house.6. The short one is by far _ (expensive of the five.7. The boy is not so _ (interesting as his brother.8. Dick sings _ (well, she sings _(well than John, but Mary sings_(well in her class.2 比较级的表示法:主语 +be+比较级 +than主语 +谓语 +比较级 +than1 不同主语的比较,双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用 " 比较级十 than&quo

11、t; 的结构表示He is two years younger than I.表示一方不及另一方时,用 " less十原级十 than" 的结构表示This room is less beautiful than that one2 同一主语不同方面的比较She is now happier than she has ever been用于修饰比较级的词:even, (very much, far, a lot, still, yet. a bit, a little, still , much , yet , by far注意:by far通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时

12、,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应 在二者中间加 " the".如He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量,可在比较级前加上上述表示程度的副词,以加强语气。 He works even harder than before.4某些以一 or 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用 to 代替 than . (这些词有 inferior in'firi 低 人一等的 | 下等的 | 下级的, superior sju:'

13、piri上级的;优秀的,出众的;高傲的, junior (下级的,年少的 , senior (年长的,高级的 , prior (较早的,在先的等. Junior school小学, senior school中学例如:He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics5 在比较从句中为了避免重复, 我们通常用 that(those, one(ones代替前面出现的名词。 that指物, one 既可指人,也可指物. that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而 one 只能代替 可数名词 . 例如:The book on the table is more int

14、eresting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.小练习:1. 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one.2. 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother.3. 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday.4. 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。This story is _ _ _ than that one.5. 他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than

15、 I.6. 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _ _ _ than that one.7. 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day.8. 他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English.9. 他吃的越多,人越胖。The more he eats, the _ he gets.10. 你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _ _ _ of two二, as, little, few, elder等在比较级中的用法。as 用于比较级1 。 As +形容词或副词原级 +as

16、Tom is as tall as Mike.2 as +形容词原形 +A+名词 +asHe is as good a student as you.3 倍数 +as+形容词或副词原级 +asThis room is three times as large as that one.提到倍数用法,补充:表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:1 A is three(four, etc times as big(high, long , wide , etc . as B.例如:Asia is four times as lareg as Europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大. (亚洲比欧洲大三倍. 2

17、A is three(four, ete times the size(height, length , width , ete of B.例如; The new building is four times the size( the height of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大 (四倍高 。 (这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍 高三倍 .3 A is three(four, etc . times bigger ( higher, longer , wider , etc . than B.例如: Your school is three times bigger tha

18、n ours,你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍. (你们的学 校是我们学校的四倍大. 用 times 表示倍数, 一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数. 表示两倍可以 用 twice 或 doublelittle/few和 many/much的比较级和最高级以及用法1 little less least 修饰不可数名词2 few fewer fewest 修饰可数复数名词3 much more most 修饰不可数名词4 many more most 修饰可数复数名词If you want to be thinner and healthier, you d better eat less

19、 food and take more exercise.3.a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法1 the +比较级 +主谓, the+比较级 +主谓:越。 。 。越。 。 。The harder he works, the happier he feels.2 比较级 +and+比较级:越来越。 。 。The weather is getting colder and colder.4. elder的用法1不能单独用作表语,因为 elder 不是真正意义上的比较级My sister is older( than me. My sister

20、is elder(than me2 描述家庭人员出生的先后She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中较大的一个。三.形容词和副词最高级的用法, most/mostly/almost/at most 的含义1. 形容词和副词最高级的用法三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示最高程度时,用“ the+最高级”的结构表示。最高 级中表示比较范围的常用 among, in, of 引导的介词短语或从句表示。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.She is one of the most beautiful girls in our s

21、chool.He works (the hardest in his class.2. 用于修饰最高级的词最高级可以被序数词以及 much, by far, nearly, almost by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like 等词语所修饰 . 例如:This hat is by far /much /nearly /almost /not nearly /by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat coat? The Yellow River is the second longest in China.3. 由 ing 分词和 ed 分词演变过来的形容词 (包括不规则动词如 knowknown 只能加 more 或 most 来表示它们的比较级和最高级more(most striking, more(most interesting, more(most wounded, more(mostworn等。4 表示 最高程度 的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect 等，没有最高级，也不能用比 表示"最高程度 的形容词， 最高程度"的形容词