主谓一致-PPT1课件

1、主谓一致的定义主谓一致的定义主谓一致是指主谓一致是指谓语谓语在在人称人称和和数数上必须和上必须和主主语语的的人称人称和和数保持一致数保持一致, ,这是英语语法中必须这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。大的地方。主谓一致的三大原则主谓一致的三大原则 一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则 二、意义一致原则二、意义一致原则 三、就近原则三、就近原则一一、语法一致原则语法一致原则 主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式；也用单数形式； 主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复

2、数形式。形式。I often help him and he often helps me.We often help each other.二、意义一致二、意义一致 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数；谓语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。语动词用单数。The crowd were surrounding the government official.Maths is hard to learn.三、就近原则三、就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决就近原则即谓语动词的单复数

3、形式取决于最靠近它的主语。于最靠近它的主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 一。整体原则一。整体原则1。表示时间，重量，长度，价格等。表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。例如：谓语动词用单数。例如： Fifty yearsnot a long time.1）.Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum. A. are B. is C.has D. have2）.Six times seven _ forty-two.A. are

4、B. is C. have D. was2 . 非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： 1）.To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health.A. is B. are C. was D. were由由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。式。 2). When and where to

5、 build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decoded D. have not decided当当when和和where加不定式指的是同一件事加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。时，谓语动词用单数。 3). Playing football not only _ us grow up tall and strong but also _ us a sense of fair play and team spirit .A. make; give B .makes; gives

6、 C. makes; give D .make; gives4) . When we will hold the meeting _ not decided yet .A. is B. are C. be D .was 语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；我们要注意一些特殊情况；1）以）以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except 连接的两个主语，其谓语

7、的单复连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。例如：数以第一个主语为主。例如：1. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. know B. knows A.C. have known D. is known2. I, rather than you, _ responsible for the accident.A am B are C has D have3. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. is offered B. has offered A.C. are offere

8、d D. have offered4. All but one _ here just now. is B. was A.C. has been D. were5.Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had beenThe house, including the garden and the garage, was sold out.6. No one except my parents _ anything about it. A. know B

9、. knows C. is knowing D. have knownSeveral passengers, together with the driver, hurt.1 。由。由not only but also, neithernor, eitheror, not but以及以及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词要连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。 3. 就近一致原则就近一致原则1）Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after anot

10、her.A. is B. are C. am D. be2）One or perhaps more pages _missing. is B. are A.C. has been D. have beenAre you or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?3）Peter, perhaps John, _ playing with the little dog. A. seems B. were C. are D. is4) _ he _ I finished the experiment? Have neither/nor Has neither/no

11、rC. Have neither/or D. Have either /or5) - _ either he or I fit for the job? - Neither he nor you _ . A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; isHere is a pen, a few envelopes Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.and some paper for you. guess2在倒装句中以及在在倒装句中以及在There be 结结构中，如主语是并列的，谓语

12、动词往构中，如主语是并列的，谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。一致。 1) On the wall _ famous paintings. A. have B. are C. is D. has2) There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A. are B. is C. were D. has1并列主语如果指的是同一人、同并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。后面的名词前没有冠词。 意义一致：意义一致：1）Both the

13、secretary and the manager_ agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. is 2）The secretary and manager _ very busy now.A. is B. are C.has been D. were2陈述部分用陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或或 no +复数名词等作主语时，复数名词等作主语时，反意部分用反意部分用they。而陈述部分用。而陈述部分用ever

14、ything, something, nothing, anything时，反意部分代时，反意部分代词则采用单数，用词则采用单数，用it。3 主语是以主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及结尾的学科名词以及news , works (工厂工厂)等都属形式复数，而意等都属形式复数，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。而定。 1)Every means _ been tried since then.A. has B. were C. was D. has been注：学科名词前如有物主代词修

15、饰时，注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。谓语常用复数。 2) All means _ been used .A. has B. was C. have D. be 4the +形容词或分词作主语时，如形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用复数，如指抽象指一类人。其谓语用复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数。如：概念，其谓语用单数。如： The old _ well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was5 .主语是主语是family, team, group, crowd, c

16、lass, committee等集合名词时，如等集合名词时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式，如指的是全体人员时，谓语用复式，如指的是全体人员时，谓语用复数。数。 类似这样的集体名词有：类似这样的集体名词有： family, class, audience, family, class, audience, committee committee （委员会）（委员会）, crowd, crew, , crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, group, party, population, team, pub

17、lic, council public, council （理事会）（理事会）, village, village等。等。The population of the earth The population of the earth increasing very fast. increasing very fast.1) He said that his family _ all very well.A. are B. were C. is D. was 2) The population of the city _ increasing fast.A. were B. be C. is D

18、. are3) The United States _ made up of 50 states, one of which _Kentucky. is / are B. is / is A.C. are / is D. are /are4) Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all.A. is B. are C. being D. was5) Now the police _ searching the town for the lost child.A. was B. were C. is D. are.6)The poli

19、ce _ the black in winter. wears B. wear A.C. put on D. puts on主语主语 people 作作“人们，人民人们，人民”解时，解时，谓语动词用复数，作谓语动词用复数，作“民族民族”解时，有解时，有单复数之分。单复数之分。(police , cattle , public ) 6主语是疑问代词主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不不定代词定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及等以及名词名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。义又可

20、表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。 The rest of his journey was pleasant.The rest of the girls are fond of music.All of your work is well done.All of your answers are correct.1) Most of his spare time _spent in reading. are B. were A.C. was D. have been2) Where _ that five pounds I lent you?A. is B. have C. was D. wer

21、e3) Two of them will go first, the rest _ to stay.A. is B. are C. used D. has4) It is not I who _ wrong.A. is B. are C. am D. has been2“的几分之几的几分之几”和和“的百的百分之几分之几” 作主语时，其谓语用单数或作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于复数取决于 of 后的名词。后的名词。 70 percent of the surface is covered with water.70 percent of the farmers have improved t

22、heir living conditions.1) One third of the population here _ workers.A. is B. have C. be D.are2) About 20 percent of the work _ done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was8“one of + 复数名词复数名词 + 定语从定语从句句”之前有之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。 1) John is the only

23、 one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot. go B. goes A.C. have gone D. are going2) He was the one of the students who _ praised at the meeting.A. was B. were C. is D. are 注意：注意：1. one of +复数名词复数名词+（单）谓语，如：（单）谓语，如： One of the students is from the south.2. one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句（从句定语从句（

24、从句动词用复数），如：动词用复数），如：He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.3. the (only) one of+名词（复数）名词（复数）+定语定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众从句，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众多中只有一个，如：多中只有一个，如： He is the only one of the students who comes early.1）如果主语是由）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数连接的两个单数名词，谓语用复数，但前面有名词，谓语用复数，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。等

25、词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：例如： 语法一致语法一致 ：Both rice and wheat _ grown in that country. A. is B. are C. was D. has Every boy and girl in this regiontaught to read and write.Each doctor and each nurse was sent for.1). During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A. are B. were C. was D. has2）No teacher and no

26、 student _ admitted in here. are B. were A.C. is D. has2由由 many a 或或 more than + 单数名单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。 1) More than one person here _ with the disease. has been infected B. have been infectedC. has been infecting D. have been infecting2) Many a student _ that mistake before. A. had ma

27、de B. has been made C. have made D. has made3主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，修饰时，谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 This pair of shoes _ made in our factory.A. is B. are C. have beenD. had bee

28、n4“a number of + 名词复数名词复数”作主作主语，谓语用复数；语，谓语用复数； “ the number of + 名词复数名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。作主语，谓语用单数。 2) The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team. are B. is A. C. were D. be1) A number of students _ from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has成对的名词，如成对的名词，如bread and butter涂涂黄油的面包，黄油的面包

29、，soda and water汽水，汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，目的，salt and water盐开水盐开水等，虽然有等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。念，作主语时，谓语用单数。 特殊知识点特殊知识点2在定语从句中主语是关系代词在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,谓语动词的数应谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。与先行词的数一致。 It is not I who _ wrong. is B. are A.C. am D. has beenHe, who _ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows. was B. are A. C. is D. am3主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国主语是