中考总复习英语百色精讲专题4介词和介词短语

1、专题四介词和介词短语百色五年中考命题规律及趋势近五年百色中考考情分析2019年百色中考命题预测年份考查角度考查重点题号分值预计2019年百色中考对介词和介词短语的考查仍是重点。倾向于考查介词的辨析及固定搭配的相关用法。考查形式以选择填空、完形填空、综合填空为主。考查的小题数约23道。2019介词的用法from表示从到的用法2712019介词的用法on表示具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上的用法2712019介词的用法介词在固定短语中的用法，如be proud of2712019介词的用法介词with表状态，伴随271介词短语的用法辨析hand by hand，arm in arm，one by o

2、ne，step by step3312019介词的用法区分over与above在具体语境中的用法281百色中考语法突破介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或动名词。介词后的代词要用宾格形式。时间介词1at，in与on介词用法示例at表示在具体的某一时刻at 10：00 am.在上午十点钟用于固定搭配at noon/night 在中午/晚上at the end of 在结尾in常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配(如世纪、月份、季节、年份)in December 在十二月in winter 在冬天in 2019 在20

3、19年表示泛指的上下午、晚上、白天等in the morning/afternoon/evening/daytime在早上/下午/晚上/白天“in一段时间”表示“在(多久)以后”，常与一般将来时连用My father will come back in a week.我爸爸将于一周后回来。用于固定搭配in the future 在将来续表介词用法示例on表示在具体的某日(日期或星期几)on October 7th在十月七日on Sunday 在星期天表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上on Monday morning 在星期一早上表示在具体的节日当天on National Day在国庆节2.be

4、fore与after介词用法示例before在之前时间点Jenny must get home before 5：00 pm. every day.珍妮每天五点之前必须到家。after在之后时间点，常与一般将来时连用She'll arrive after two o'clock.她将在两点后到达。时间段，常与一般过去时连用She came back after two weeks.她两周后回来了。3.from，since与for介词用法例句from 从起常与to构成词组fromto，意为“从到”Today I have an English lesson from 8：00 a

5、m.to 9：00 am.今天早上八点到九点我要上一节英语课。since自从以来具体的过去时间点(常与现在完成时连用)I have lived in Baise since 2019.自从2019年我就住在百色了。时间段ago(常与现在完成时连用)I have lived in Baise since three years ago.自从三年前我就住在百色了。for 历经之久时间段(常与现在完成时连用)I have lived in Baise for three years.我已经在百色住了三年了。注意：“for时间段”也可用于其他时态中。4till/until，during与by介词用法例

6、句till/until直到为止till/until直到才用于肯定句。谓语动词需用延续性动词I waited for you until eleven o'clock this morning.今早我等你等到11点。用于否定句。谓语动词需用短暂性动词Bob doesn't go to bed until 11 o'clock.鲍勃直到11点才睡觉。during在期间时间段，强调时间的持续性。不用于现在完成时During the lunch time，we talked about the TV show.午餐期间我们谈论了那个电视节目。by不晚于；在之前将来时间点，常与一

7、般将来时连用It will be very hot by tomorrow morning.到明天早上，天气会变得很热。过去时间点，常与过去完成时连用I had finished my homework by the end of the summer holiday.在暑假结束之前，我已经完成了作业。选择填空。(A)1.(新信息题)China successfully hosted the SCO Summit(上合组织峰会) _ June，2019.Ain Bby Cat Don(B)2.(新信息题)Mike didn't go to bed _ his favorite TV s

8、how Go Fighting Season (极限挑战第四季) finished.Aby Buntil Cduring Dfor用适当的介词填空。3I have worked in this school _since_ 2019.4(热点题)Yesterday，I watched Hello，Mrs.Money(李茶的姑妈) with Tom _from_ 3：00 _to_ 5：00.5Mary will arrive here_in_ half an hour.6Mr.Li has been in Beijing_for_ nearly five years.方位介词1in，at，on

9、，与to介词用法例句in多指较大的地方(如：国家、城市等)In China，people eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival.在中国，人们在端午节期间吃粽子。表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围内)China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲东部。at在较小的地方或某一地点的具体位置I always read books at home.我经常在家看书。on表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤)Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong.广西在广东的西部。to表示在某一地区之外的某方位Japan l

10、ies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。2.over，on，above，under与below介词含义例句over在正上方(垂直，两者不接触)There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。on在上面(两者接触)There is a mobile phone on the desk.书桌上有一部手机。above在上方(不一定垂直，两者不接触)There is a balloon above my head.我头上有一个气球。under在正下方(两者不接触)My basketball is under the bed.我的篮球在床下面

11、。below在下方(不一定垂直)The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。3.across与 through(考点讲解详见P24“考点4”【辨析】)选择填空。(C)1.(天津中考)Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England.Abetween Bwith Cin Dunder(C)2.(新信息题)BTS(防弹少年团) is perhaps the most popular music group _ South Korea these days.Aat Bon Cin Dto(D)3.(2019连云港中

12、考) Bill，did you see Tom?Yes，he just parked his car here and then hurried_ the street.Athrough BoverCpast Dacross(D)4.(2019鄂州中考)Oh，my god！I've left my keys in the room.I'll have to get in _ the window.It's dangerous.You'd better wait for your mom to come back.Apast BoverCacross Dthrou

13、gh 方式介词介词用法例句by表示“以方式、方法或手段”，常与表示交通工具的名词连用She usually goes to school by bike.她通常骑自行车去上学。with表示“用工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官”People often eat with chopsticks in China.在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。in表示“用语言、语调、颜色”等What's this in English？这个用英语怎么说？on表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等”They talk on the phone every day.他们每天在电话上交谈。用适当的方式介词填空。1Mark

14、 learns English_by_ keeping a diary _in_ English.2(热点题)People all over the world watched the 2019 World Cup games _on_ television.3We can smell_with_ our nose. 其他介词1with：与一起，随着；附有。如：Jane often goes to the movies with her best friend.简经常跟她最好的朋友一起去看电影。2without：没有。如：Without Tom's help，I couldn'

15、t finish the task.没有汤姆的帮助，我不可能完成这项任务。3against：对抗。如：Germany played against Mexico last night.昨晚，德国队和墨西哥队对战。4besides：除之外(还有)。如：Besides Mike everyone passed the exam.除了迈克，所有人都通过了考试。5including：包括；包含。如：Twenty people were killed in the traffic accident，including a baby.在这场交通事故中有二十人丧生，包括一个婴儿。选择填空。(B)1.(铜仁中

16、考)We'll play basketball _ Class 3 tomorrow.Aover BagainstCto Dfor(A)2.(2019达州中考)I'm thirsty.I'd like a glass of orange juice.What about you，Andy?I prefer a cup of tea nothing in it.Awith BforCtoDwithout 介词短语(详见分类速记手册“介词短语”)百色五年真题回顾()1.(2019百色中考)We go to school _ Monday to Friday every we

17、ek.Aat Bfor Con Dfrom【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意：我们每周的星期一到星期五去上学。由题空后的to提示可知，此处考查介词短语fromto，意为“从到”。【答案】D()2.(2019百色中考)Does your friend Tom often go swimming _ Sunday mornings?Aat Bin Con Dof【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意：你的朋友汤姆经常周日早晨游泳吗？在具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前用介词on。【答案】C()3.(2019百色中考)We love Baise.We are proud _ being ci

18、tizens of Baise city.Aof Bon Cin Dwith【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意：我们爱百色。我们为作为百色市民而自豪。“be proud of”为固定搭配，意为“为自豪”。【答案】A()4.(2019百色中考)The door opened and my mother came in _ a handbag in her hand.Aon Bin Cat Dwith【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：门开了，我妈妈手里拿着手包进来了。on在表面；in在里面；at在，通常用于某个时间点前；with具有，带有，表示伴随。根据句意可知，with a handbag作

19、伴随状语。【答案】D()5.(2019百色中考)Don't worry about your English.Work hard and you'll improve it _.Ahand by hand Barm in armCone by one Dstep by step【解析】考查语境理解及介词短语词义辨析。句意：不要担心你的英语。努力学习，你会_提高。hand by hand手牵手；arm in arm臂挽臂；one by one一个接一个；step by step逐步地。根据句意可知答案。【答案】D()6.(2019百色中考)There is a national

20、flag _ the blackboard in our classroom.Aunder BbelowCover Dabove【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意：有一面国旗在我们教室的黑板_。under在的正下方，两者不接触；below在的下方，不一定垂直；over在的正上方，两者不接触，垂直；above在的上方，两者不接触，不一定垂直。根据实际情况可知，我们教室黑板的正上方有一面国旗。【答案】C考点抢测一、选择填空。(A)1.(2019百色适应性考试)His brother went to school by bike _ a sunny morning.【考点】Aon Bat Cin Dfor(C)2.(2019安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game _ Class Three.【考点】Aof Bin Cagainst Dfrom(A)3.(2019温州中考)I've ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arriv