电子商务本科毕业论文英语翻译范文

1、电子商务本科毕业论文英语翻译范文    本科毕业论文英文翻译英文原文：The Development and Application of Mobile Internet and M-commerce AbstractThe paper gives an overview of the development of mobile Internet around the globe,elaborates on prerequisites for developing m-commerce and makes an in-depth analysis of

2、the characteristics of mobile Internet by comparing it with the existing Internet and telecom network.To illustrate the point, it concludes with an introduction to the I-Mode success in Japan.Key words: Mobile Communications;Internet;E-commerce1 Introduction Thanks to the rapid popularization of mob

3、ile phones that are capable of Internet access, there is now arising a surge of m-commerce in the world. In this respect, Japan moved earlier than others: in 1998 alone, 10 million mobile phones of Wireless Internet access were sold out in Japan. Accordingly, a large number of US companies are now f

4、ixing m-commerce as priority task in developing E-commerce.And some experts have predicted that m-commerce will be dominating or even replacing E-commerce applications in the next few years.So, what does m-commerce really look like? Specifically, it is an E-commerce service that organically combines

5、 mobile communications with the Internet. It is an integration of finance transactions, on-line shopping,bidding, auction, entertainment and information services. To ensure its success in the coming years, one overriding prerequisite is that service providers must cultivate the m market with good bu

6、siness models. Secondly, reliable payment means must be available as soon as possible.Thirdly, it is necessary to adjust the tariff structure. A good business s model s should enable customers, companies and service providers to generate added values by involving in m-commerce activities. in this wa

7、y can a sizable and stable m-commerce user pool be guaranteed.As is known, a WAP phone can be used to send and receive e-mails, read news and get updates of stock quotes. While for more complex applications like On-line shopping and video conferencing, the transmission speed of the existing mobile n

8、etwork seems un acceptably awkward. The reason behind this is that the two key elements that constitute the traffic the call request and the average holding time are growing along with the augment of mobile user pool and the increase of Internet handsets. However, such a growth is way ahead of the d

9、evelopment of various spreading spectrum technologies. In the competition for getting an edge over others in mobile Internet technologies, Japan seemed to have made it: leaving Europe in the behind, its W-CDMA based 3G mobile communications net work is already been put into operation. As mobile, dat

10、a and Internet technologies keep growing, the integration of the three become feasible .The world is marching into a mobile information society.Though currently the mobile data traffic makes up only atiny percentage of the to wireless traffic, many industry insiders are discussing that by 2005 the p

11、ercentage will hit 70%. It is projected that by 2003, mo bi le users in the world will be topping 1 billion in number, and 60% of them will be enjoying the wireless Internet service. This will definitely spark hopes among all wireless operators worldwide.According to the statistics, by 2005, 50% of

12、mobile Internet users in the world will be Chinese users. That is why so many multinational companies are now rushing to China for a bite. As a result, they are joining hands with mobile operators and ICPs in the country to promote the usage of mobile Internet phones. China Mobile and China Unicom h

13、ave also launched their own mobile Internet services. This has helped to put the mobile Internet service into the spotlight. 2 The Development of Mobile Internet 2.1 The Characteristics of Mobile Internet Internetand mobile communications, as two key indicators of the information society, are respec

14、tivelycorresponding to the effective ac cess to vast infor mation resources and personal communications anywhere anytime. A focus that is being concerned by both the network industry and the telecomindustry is how to combine the advantages of the two technologies to provide users with ubiquitous inf

15、ormation network services via a united standard that are not confined by information sources and user locations. With mobile phones of intelligence fea tures already available, mobile communications have become more of a daily routine for all users. Accordingly, they may hope to access the Internet

16、with out restrictions. Currently, all operators, manufactures and content providers are working hard in this respect, resulting in the launch of a series of solutions such as WAP, Mobile IP and Bluetooth. In a sense, such initiatives are the prelude of a forth coming mobile Internet era. The mobile

17、Internet is a revolution in contrast to the traditional Internet and telecom network, since it is not an enhancement of or complement to traditional networks, but a network that is totally different from them, nomatter it is in terms of technologies, applications or whatever. So it is bound to have

18、a farreaching impact on the traditional Internet and telecomnetwork. 2.2 Development of Mobile Internet in Hong Kong and the World In Europe, due to high mobile penetration rates, experiments of mobile Internet are in full swing. The mobile and Internet operator BTCellNet in UK has successfully laun

19、ched GPRS service on the GSM network, which is bringing GSM users on line. Each BT Cell Net's mobile Internet user is earning an average US$ 11 of added value permonth and US$ 5 X107 peryear thanks out of the wireless Internet. The Swedish mobile operator Telia Mobile is now leveraging the MyDOF

20、 platform to provide the mobile Internet service. Users are able to access a series of services via their handsets, such as transactions, air ticket ordering, etc. Recently, Telia Mobile signed an agreement with Nokia so as to use the Nokia-endorsed WAP Artus platform. In February 2000, it set up a

21、joint venture with Oracle Inc., the world No. 2 software group, in a bid to further develop the mobile Intenet service. In the US, not long ago, Sprint PCS launched a mobile news service that allows users tocheck emails and order tailor made Internet information. Such a service is designed in specia

22、l consideration of the restriction in inputting characters on a mobile keypad. By providing contents covering news, weather, stock quote, sports and entertainment, the service has attracted more than 280 cities and brought the strength of pil lar ICPs like Bloomberg, CNN and MapQuest. Recently, AOL

23、Interactive has announced that AOL might spend US$ 10 billion to encourage us-ers to access the Internet access at home via cables, enhanced lines, satellite and wireless technology. In February 1999, NTT DoCoMo launched the packet based I-Mode service in Japan, allowing users to browse websites wri

24、tten in HTML. The service absorbed 2.6 million users in only nine months, with the sum of online consumption per user increased by 40% on average. On August 6, 2000 the number of I-Mode users hit 10 million and kept growing with 20000 to 30000 new users joining in every day. In each month, the mobil

25、e Internet service helps DoCoMo to garner US$ 36 mil lion in revenue. It is not only a figure incredible in the eyes of other companies in favor of the mobile Internet, but is also imposing agreat pressure on all parties that aim to propel the WAP service in the world. According to statistics of Jap

26、an's Ministry of Post, by the end of August 2000, the number of mobile Internet users in Japan reached 17 million, in which I-Mode makes up about 64%-a nearly incomparable position for its rivals. The I-Mode success has also made NTT DoCoMo the largest ISP provider in Japan, ranking second only

27、to AOL in the world. (It is said the executives of NTT DoCoMo had pledged to beat AOL at the end of 2000.) The I-Mode success has also enabled Japan to recollect confidence in expanding its Internet presence and developing its network that used to fall way behind European and US countries and even s

28、ome Asian economies. A couple of months ago, Seiko released a handset named Location-COM, which allows users to input his specific location when he finds himself lost on the way. Helped by the GPS satellite and colored LCD maps, its users will always get to the right destination in the end. In Hong

29、Kong, the competition on the mobile Internet has just begun. Hutchinson has sold 19% of its share to NTT DoCoMo for the development of I-Mode service. But Hong Kong Telecom preceded it in offering "I-menu" a service similar to I-Mode and is now making every effort to promote the service vi

30、a WAP. From June to August 1999, SmarTone de ployed in Hong Kong Ericsson's WAP gateway, applications and services and completed related tests. In September 1999, WAP service was officially launched in Hong Kong. WAP users only need to connect to an Ericsson MC218 laptop for email sending and re

31、ception and information browsing. 2.3 Development of Mobile Internt in Chinese Mainland In early 2000, the "GSM WAP" service was put into trial operation in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Shenzhen and Guangzhou. On the eve of May 17 2000 (the World Telecom Day), the GSM WAP service

32、was officially launched. Targeted at GSM users, the service supports GSM users (including roaming users) in their Internet access. To access Internet, users must have a WAP handset and make configurations as required by the system. Given that it is increasingly difficult to usher in new ideas in the

33、 fixed Internet, and the most advantageous market positions concerning portal and vertical websites have already been taken, the mobile Internet is like a fresh virgin land holding in store tremendous opportunities. Many people are now estimating that China may become one of the largest mobile Inter

34、net markets in the world . According to projections, by the end of 2001, the number of mobile users in China will be hitting 100 million, and WAP users may be reaching 600 thousand. By the end of 2004, the number of mobile users in China will be topping 200 million. At that time, as long as there ar

35、e 50% of mobile users who also choose to use the mobile Internet, the mobile Internet market will be embracing a user base totaling 100 million in Number. According to investigative results, currently the mobile Internet in China is still in a very preliminary stage, so its poten tial further growth

36、 is huge. 3 Analysis of Devel opment of Mobile Internet Service Home and Abroad 3.1 User Growth 本科毕业论文(1) User Growth of NTT DoCoMo and I-Mode Service,According to statistics, in 1999 NTT DoCoMo mobile subscribers of 22.5 million in 2000 increased to 28,000,000, and in 2001 for 31.5 million.(2) Mobi

37、le User Growth in Europe (UK and Italy as examples) ,Based on the data can know that the UK and Italy has the number of mobile users were 5 and 3 per hundred people, in 1994 the growth will be 9 and 7 each, in 1998 the number of mobile users in Italy beyond UK, it's 35 people, and the UK is 27.(

38、3) Development of Mobile Users in China ,China in 1994 the total number of mobile users (including China Mobile and China, connectivity) to 1,567,800, by five years of development, to 1999, this figure surged to 43.238 million, and in 2000, reaching 70 million.3.2 Analysis of Mobile Internet Consump

39、tion (1) Japan The I-Mode service provides the following classified contents: v Entertainment: including Karaoke, song retrieval, FM radio, finance information, game downloading , personal downloading,the usage is 50%; v Living: including daily news update, weather, stock quote, sports news, city li

40、fe, horse race news,the usage is20%; v Transaction: including bank service, credit card inquiry, insurance service, air ticket ordering, hotel reservat ion, on l ine bookstore,the usage is15%; v Database : including dictionary, hotel guide, yellow page, dish menu, etc. Percentages taken by those con

41、tents are given in Figure 4,the usage is10%. (2) Consumption of Mobile Internet in Europe ,Travel information: 70%; online book and scheduled operations: 68%; family of intelligent control: 54%; online shopping: 30%; did not need: 28%.(3) Internet Demand in China ,E-mail: 90%; entertainment: 60%; Ne

42、ws and Notices: 50%; online business or shares: 38%; other: 19%.3.3 User Age Make-up While looking into the age make-up of Internet users in Japan and China, we will find that mobile users are growing faster in China than in Japan. In 1998, there were about 25.245 million mobile users in Japan, comp

43、ared to 23.57 million in China in the same period. In 1997, the growth rate of mobile users in Japan was 26.9%, while in China it was as high as 78.2%. At the end of 2000, the number of mobile users hit 70 million in China, but only 25 million in Japan. It is estimated that in the next few years, Ch

44、ina will continue to keep such a growing momentum, so it won't take very long for China to rank No. 1 on the world mobile market. Owing to factors like geographical and cultural variations, there have appeared different characteristics in Europe, Japan and China with regard to the demand for con

45、tents. In Europe, the weather is what is most con cerned by the general public. In Japan, the demand for entertain ment alone accounts for 40% of the total. While in China, due to restrictions in the economic development, the demand for entertainment is not as huge. The Internet is still a tool for

46、people togetaccesso more information. Although there are geologic a land cultural differences, Internet services de manded by all types of users are focused on a fixed number of areas, such as entertainment, living, transaction and database. If we look into the age make up of users, we may find that

47、 China and Japan share a lot in terms of the foundation for the develop ment of mobile Internet service. Currently, most of the users are aged between 20 to 40, implying that individuals who are teenag ers now constitute our future user base. Based on the above comparisons, we can get to the followi

48、ng conclusion: in China,the market foundation for the development of mobile Internet is the same as or even better than in Japan. But why is there no I-Mode legend taking place in China? The reason is that on the one hand, Chinese people are still not quite accustomed to the mobile Internet; on the

49、other hand, mobile Internet operators haven't come up with any appealing applications yet. With the passage of time and based on the growth of mobile Internet users over the past two years, it is safe to say that it won't be long for Chinese people to be identified with the mobile Internet.

50、To that end, it is of great importance for operators to develop appro priate applications. In our case, if China Mobile adopts effective operational strategies and measures, the mobile Internet service will enjoy an unprecedented growth in China in the same way as the I-Mode case in Japan. Of course

51、, in terms of economic development, per capita GDP, phone penetration rate and the informatization level, there is still a huge gap between China and Japan. However, our population may make up for this deficiency. Theoretically, it is feasible to forecast the absolute growth of mobile Internet in Ch

52、ina by analogy means based on Japan's I-Mode growth. At the same time, it is also possible for us to refer to the development mode of mobile Internet in Europe and US and the historical development of fixed Internet to get to a relatively rational fore cast of the mobile Internet service in Chin

53、a in the next fifteen years. 3.4 The I-Mode Enlightenment (1) A State-run Nature The key to the I-Mode success is the state run nature of NTT. As a giant operator of monopoly status in Japan, NTT is playing a vital role in the mobile communications field in terms of the de velopment of BST, handset,

54、 content format or billing method. Al though NTT DoCoMo is not allowed to participate in the manu facturing of BST and handset, it is extraordinarily strong in re search and development. This not only helps it to set the pace for the formulation of standards in the world, but also makes equipment ma

55、nufacturers strive to put out tailor made products in its favor . Although NTT seems to be indulgent in developing its own mobile communications standards irrespective of others, and I-Mode alone seems not so persuasive as WAP with regard to vendor support, the fact is that the number of I-Mode user

56、s is nearly twice as that of WAP for the time being. (2) Multiple Handset Options and Competitive PriceSince the PDC system adopted by NTT DoCoMo is dif ferent from GSM and CDMA systems in other parts of the world, I-Mode users must buy special handsets prior to the first usage. Currently, handset m

57、anufactur ers in supportive of I-Mode in clude NEC, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, Hitach, Matsushita, Panasonic and Nokia, which provide a total of more than 10 types of handsets. In contrast, only a few types of WAP handsets are available in the current stage, including Nokia 7110, Ericsson R320, R380, Moto

58、rola L2000I and Taiji Series. So I-Mode users have more options when selecting terminals. What's more, I-Mode hand sets offer rich features. At the end of Last year, NTT DoCoMo released its 502I handset series, changing the screen to a colored STN-LCD and lessening the handset weight from 90g (o

59、f 501I series) to about 70g. The hand set is also capable of performing infrared transmission and holding 6 to 10 lines on one page with each line holding 8 to 10 characters. Other features, like music composing, multiple ring tones, standby cartoon and games, are also very attractive. The typical standby time and talking time are over 400 and 100 hours respectively. Although the I-Mode handsets provides rich features and is easy to carry, its price is quite cheap: only 10 to 20 thousand yens per piece! Compared to the situation of thousands of yuan for one WAP hand