(完整版)非谓语动词作宾语补足语讲解与练习(修订版)

1、非谓语动词作宾语补足语定义：宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词，形容词、副词、不定式，动名词个分词充当女口： The sun keeps us warm .We call her Jenny .They found him out.Make yourself at home .They wish you to go with them .I heard him singing .You must get your hair cut.宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语，宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系.一、动词不定式作宾补。1.V1 + sb. +

2、to do sth.常用动词有：advise建议allow允许 ask叫，请bear忍受beg乞求cause导致comma nd 命令en courage 鼓励expect期待forbid禁止force迫使get使hate讨厌help帮助intend想要invite 邀请leave 让like喜欢mean打算n eed需要oblige迫使order命令permit允许persuade 说服prefer宁愿request 请求remi nd提醒teach 教tell告诉trouble 麻烦want想要warn警告wish希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要

3、would prefer宁愿persuade 劝说)sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth温馨提示：1. advise, forbid,allow, permit这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作 宾语补足语，即构成doing sthadvise/ forbid/ allow/ permit 'sb to do sth2. fear, excuse, refuse, in sist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, dema nd, tha nk, arrange 等动词后不 可接 sb to d

4、o sthoThey forbade her to leave the coun try.他们禁止她离开国家。Please remind me not to be late for the meeti ng.请提醒我开会不要迟到。3. He asked me to keep my word.他要我信守承诺。练习：Exercise11.1 didn ' t want my parents(help ) me.2. We' d prefer you( take ) the job in stead of Zhang.3. The school ordered all the cla

5、ssroom( clean ).4. My parents expect me( go )to a ideal university.5. Joan promised the dinner( cook ) before we returned.6. The doctor advised the patient( take ) two pills every four hours.7. My advisor encourageda summer course to improve my writing skills.( 北京卷)A. for me tak ingB. me tak ingC. f

6、or me to take D. me to take8. The teacher asked usso much noise.(北京卷)A. don ' t make B. not make C. not makingD. not to make9. The boy wan ted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him.( 全国卷)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do二、在感官动词 (feel, listen to, hear, see, loo

7、k at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词 (make, let, have) 后，要用不带to的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带t0oThe boss made her work long hours.主语 谓语 宾语宾补Shewas madeto work long hours (by her boss).主语谓语主补诀窍：某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜；主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。记忆方法：一感 (feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、五看(see, lo

8、ok at, watch, notice, observe)o注： 动词help后，可以加to,也可以省略to.I will help him (to) clean the room.。Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English.口诀：宾补省to有习惯，只有动词十一个半：五“看”二“听”一“感觉”，三个“使役”紧跟着。一个“帮助”两均可，牢记保你不出错。练习：1. Though he had often made his little sister, today he was madeby hislittle sister.A. cry, t

9、o cry2. Paul does nA. lear n注意：感官动词看)B. cryi ng, cryi ngC. cry, cryD. to cry, cryt have to be made. He always works hafedl卷 )B. to lear nC. learnedD. learni ngfeel, hear, listen to , see, watch, notice, observe, look at (一感二听五 + do作宾补，表示事情全过程或一次性动作，该动作已完成。表示一个事实。 + doing作宾补，表示一个正在进行和发生的动作，尚未结束。具有一定的

10、描述性。 + done作宾补，sb跟done之间是被动关系。总结：See/ watch/observe 等ti<> 主动t 'jTihSt:+ doitii!, ±动：正在进彳丁-donr被勉=完成或渥有一定的时间忖1.1 saw him(change )the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子。2. I saw him(change)the wheel of his car.我看见他换了汽车轮子。3. I saw the wheel of his car( cha nge) by a boy just now.4. Sudde nly I

11、noticed her( sta nd) outside.突然我注意到她正站在外边。5. I have n ever heard the song(sing) in my school. 我从未听过这首歌在我们学校被唱过。三、动词leave, find, keep, catch后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语的情况 I doing让一直做某事(表主动关系，正在进行)undone (unfinished, unsettled,等)留下某事未做leave to do sth留下某人做某事|表将来的动作Leave sth to be done留下某事要做 |Idoing 发现/使/撞到做某事done发现/

12、使/撞到被例如；I ) lt wrong of you lesive the mnchine i-unnin2) Whciii 'ihe tTtijrncds-Iic lonrui her Imusc bnikrn intoiiritl niiiiix thinst<Jcn.3) They kept wnitins for two hours. -I ) The Mlesnian oinglit (he gu4 stealing.1. It was so cold that they kept the fireall night.( 全国卷)A. to burnB. bur nt

13、C. bur ningD. bur ned2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is foundin the kitchen.(全国卷)A. smokeB. smok ingC. to smokeD. smoked3. He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the pocket of a passe nger.(安徽卷)A. putB. to be putt ingC. to putD. putt ing4. The salesman scolded the girl caughtand le

14、t her off.(全国卷 )A. to have stole nB. to be steali ngC. to stealD. steali ng5. Don' t leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth.(天津卷)A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run。四、表示心理状态的动词consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove 等动词后的不定式通常“ to be形容词或名词结构，to be常可省略。We con

15、 sider him (to be) a good teacher.He proved that theory (to be) very importa nt.五. 用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的常用结构：1. have/get sth. done 让某事被 例: I' ll have/get my computer repaired.2. have / make / let sb. do i让某人做某事例: She made me cry/ got me to cry.get sb. to do3. have sb. /sth.doing sth.让持续地做4. get sb / sth

16、 doing 使开始做.5. make on eself done 使某人自己被 She spoke loudly to make herself heard by the audie nee.make on eself后常用un derstood等过去分词作宾补make on eself un derstood / heard / seen / known让别人明白自己的意思 /让自己讲的话被别 人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。如：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn ' t make himself.(全国卷)

17、A. hearB. to hear C. heari ng D. heard2. Helen had to shoutabove the sound of the music.(广西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard练习：选择词的合适形式。1. They have seen the tree (fall/falling) down.2. Anna saw her daughter (shout/shouti ng) at her fat

18、her whe n she came into the room.3. Lucy saw Tom (steal/steali ng) money from an old lady secretly.4. Li Ming saw his bike (repair/repaired) by the tech nician.5. Jenny saw her mother (cook in g/cooked) whe n she got home.6. I have see n the flower (pla nt/pla nted) in the garde n.六. with复合结构中非谓语动词作

19、宾语补足语的情况。'doing (主动；进行)with + n./pron. + - done(被动；完成 /状态)to do (将来)1. With so many things to buy, he went to the market.2. With all the things bought, he left the supermarket.3. With many people waiting outside, the manager felt worried.Exercise:1. The old couple often take a walk after supper

20、in the park with their pet dogthem.A. to followB. followi ngC. followedD. follows2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work.A. FinishedB. finishingC. having finished D. was finishedhave，get， make，leave后作宾补的非谓语动词形式一、have1. have + sth. + done(1) 表示“叫/让/请别人做某事”，动作的执行者不是主语，也不是宾语，而是别人。I

21、will have my bike repaired this after noon.今天下午我要请人修理自行车。(2) 表示遭遇不幸事件，是句中的主语所经历的。He had his arm broken.他的手臂摔断了。(自己的经历)He had his wallet stole n at the railway statio n. 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。2. have + sb. + do sth.表示“使/让/叫某人做某事”，动作的执行者为宾语。I' ll have Bob call you back later.我会让鲍勃稍后给你回电话。 (call是由Bob执行) The

22、 teacher had us clean up the classroom.老师让我们打扫教室。 (clean 是由 us执行) 注意：have sth. to do表示“有事情要做”。在此结构中，不定式作定语。如：I' m sorry, I can' t go out with you. I have an urge nt thing to settle.我很抱歉，我不能和你出去。我有一件紧急的事情要解决。3. have + sb./sth. + doing sth.表示“使某人/物一直处于某种状态”，动作的执行者为宾语，但是动词必须是延续性动词, 后面常接一个时间段。He

23、 had her sta ndi ng in the rain for two hours. 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。注意：have sb. doing用于否定句时，其中have有“容忍”之意。I won ' t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不能容忍你和你父亲那样讲话。Exercise:1. Don ' t have the dog ( bark) much , Lilin.李林，别让狗狂吠不停。2. She had her money (steal) when she got on the bus.3. I had my

24、 watch (repair) last week.4. I ' m leaving .Do you have anythin ( say)?5. The boss often has them (work) for 14 hours a day.6. She is going to atte nd an importa nt meet ing ,but she has no clothes (wear).7. The poor woman had a small room (live in).8. We have a lot of money .Do you have anythin

25、g (worry about) ?9. " Do you have any clothes (wash)?,Sir" asked the maid(女仆).10. I can ' t go swimming today, for I have so many clothes (wash).二、get1. get + sb.+ to do sth.= have + sb. + do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，动作执行者是宾语，强调未来的动作。He got his brother to help him.他让他兄弟来帮助他。I got him to stop smo

26、k in g.我让他停止吸烟。2. get + sth. + done表示“让被做”，强调被动性的动作。He got his hair cut.他理发了。(他的头发是被剪)3. get + sb./sth. + doing sth.表示“让某人/物一直”或“使某人/某物开始活跃或使某物开始工作”，强调已做或正 在进行的动作。He got his bike running very fast.他把自行车骑的飞快。Who can get the machine running? 谁能启动这台机器？Exercise：1. He man aged to get the task(fin ish) on

27、 time.他设法按时完成了任务。2. The director got her assistantsome hot dogs for the meeting. (2008 全国 II 卷)A. picked up B. picks up C.to pick upD. pick ing up3. The boss is always getti ng her(type) letters for him.4. The boss made the workers(work) day and ni ght.三、makemake意为“使”，有轻微强迫之意。1. make + sb. + do sth.

28、表示“(迫)使某人做某事”，动作执行者是宾语，被动语态为sb. be made to do sth.。He made me laugh.他使我发笑。被动语态为：I was made to laugh by him.2. make + sb. + done表示“使某人被”，并强调动作的被动性，宾语为动作承受者。Please speak louder to make yourself heard.请讲大声点以便你让另 U人听至 U。Exercise:1. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room(hear) him clearly.2. He raised his voice to make himself(hear).3. W