2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案三套全(供参考)

1、2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套)Part I Writing(25minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Part II ListeningComprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:Inthissection,you

2、willhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Ques

3、tions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1. A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.B)Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.2. A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.8) Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejust

4、heard.3. A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.B) Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.C) Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.D) Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.4. A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.B) Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.C) Theyareonlyabouthalfan

5、inchthick.D) Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforresearch.8) Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.6. A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B) Toidentifythereasonsforthelionsd

6、isappearance.C) TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.D) Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.7. A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.8. Lionstracks.D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.Section BDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourque

7、stions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A)Herluckybirthd

8、ay.C)Herweddinganniversary.8) Acallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.9. A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoverseas.8) Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.10. A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.B) Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.C) Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.D) Whatherhusbandandthemanar

9、eupto.11. A)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouplesholidaytrip.B) Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.C) Heiseagertolearnhowthecouplesholidayturnsout.D) Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouplesholidayplan.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofaneg

10、otiation.B) Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.C) Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.D) Theytaketherivalsattitudeintoaccount.13. A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.8) Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.14. A)Theyarepatient.C)Theylearnquickly.8) Theyaregoodate

11、xpression.D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.15. A)Makeclearone'sintentions.C)Formulateone'sstrategy.8) Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswill

12、bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A)WhenAmerica'searliestspaceprogramstarted.B) WhentheInternatio

13、nalSpaceStationwasbuilt.C) Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.D) HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.17. A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.B) Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.C) Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.D) Theytriedtomakebestuse

14、ofthelatesttechnology.18. A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.8) Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.B) Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.C) Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethi

15、ngnew.D) Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.20. A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.C)Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.8) Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknowntobecreative.21. A)Chattingwithherancestors.C)Polishingallthesilverwork.8) Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.Quest

16、ions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.8) Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.23. A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.B) Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.C) Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.

17、D) Youmayendupenteringawonderland.24. A)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.8) Waitpatiently.D)Walkuphill.25. A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)Checkthelocalweather.B)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Findamapandacompass.PartmReadingComprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Yo

18、uarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewor

19、dsinthebankmorethanonce.Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome26skillsthatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumandiseases.Pigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban27,buttheyarejustthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despite

20、havingabrainnobiggerthanthe28ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive29_memory.Recentlyitwasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansatdetectingbreastcancerinimages.Ratsareoften30withspreadingdiseaseratherthan31it,butthislong-tailedanimalishighly32.Insidearat'snoseareupto1,000differe

21、nttypesofolfactoryreceptors(嗅觉感受器),whereashumansonlyhave100to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect_33smells.Asaresult,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTB(肺结核).Whentheratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto34asampleisinfected.Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethantwodays

22、to35,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetectionmethoddoesn'trelyonspecialistequipment.ItisalsomoreaccuratetheratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.A) associatedI)slightB) examineJ)specifyC) indicateK)superiorD) nuisanceL)suspiciousE) peakM)tipF) preventingN)treate

23、dG) prohibitingO)visualH) sensitiveSection BDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithalett

24、er.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder?Researchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpectedratherthansearchforanswers.A Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundones

25、omefourdecadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.B Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimatelybeneficial.Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidter

26、msandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.Infact,Iwasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.C AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthema

27、terialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors.DavidEisenbach,whoteachesapopularclassonU.S.presidentsatColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn

28、thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexplained,“Furthermore,in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,andessentialworkskill.”D Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatak

29、e-homeexamforaclassentitled“IntroductionToCongress”.Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan“honorcode,”thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsiderdoingso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldntjustcal

30、lanexpertonthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing.E FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanofstudentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschooslprofessorstorefrainfromtake-honeexams.“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswellasperformanceinotherend-of

31、-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-homeexamswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.“Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthecourseofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention.”F Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesubject.Aquantitativ

32、e-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.Vocational-typeclasses,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,ontheotherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvestotake-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcastJournalism”atMontgomeryCommu

33、nityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails.“Inmyfield,itsnotwhatyouknowitswhatyouknowhowtofindout,”saysKoch.“Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.Iwantmystudentstosearchouttheanswerstoquestion

34、sbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem.G Studentstest-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty.“Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauseitisthenreallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,”saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaas

35、s,asenioratMiddlebury,says,“Ifindthein-classonesaremorestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallowinformationlikemad,andthenyougettoforgetitall.Take-homesrequirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup”.Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomorea

36、tEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-homestrueexams.“Ifyouunderstandthematerialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate(说出)yourthoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze.”H Howstudentsultimatelyhandlestressmaydependontheirpersonaltest-takingabilities.Therearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelastminute,andmakeitmuchharderthanitne

37、edstobe.Andthentherethosewho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingnoresourcestoreferto,canfreeze.Andthentherearewerarefolkswhofitboththosedescriptions.I Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation等式(),inpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasquickly.AsanotherreturningstudentatColu

38、mbia,KateMarber,toldme,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhowtolearnagain.Ourfellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschool.Alothaschangedsincewewerelastinschool.”J Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandmesomethingtoshare,WhenIaskedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“Ilikein

39、-classexamsbecausethetimeisalreadyreserved,asopposedtousingmyfreetimeathometoworkonatest”,heresponded.Itseemstomethatacompromisewouldbereceivingtheexamquestionsadayortwoinadvance,andthendoingtheactualtestinclassthetickingclockoverhead.K Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessorreportedlydidrec

40、entlyforherfinalexam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promisingtha“t,Itisgoingtobeapieceofcake.”Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeachweregivenaslice.36. Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesined

41、ucation.37. Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performanceinothercourses.38. Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents.39. In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.40. Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.41. Studentswhoputofftheirwor

42、kuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.42. Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.43. Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsontypeofcoursebeingtaught.44. Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.45. Somestudentsthinktake-homeexam

43、swilleatuptheirfreetime.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne

44、Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigat

45、etheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothat

46、theycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversitysDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwer

47、ecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipantsbrainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsand

48、dolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofr

49、egularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.46. What

50、didresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?A) Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.B) Shefoundbirdsandd

51、olphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C) ShegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphinsD)Sheconductedstudiesonbirdsanddolphinssleepingpatterns.48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?A) Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.B) Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepa

52、rtmentofPsychologicalSciences.C) Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipantsbrains.D) Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.49. WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?A) Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.B) Sherecordedparticipantsadaptationto

53、changedenvironment.C) Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.D) Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.50. WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A) Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B) Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.C) Theyfeltsleepywhenexpose

54、dtoregularbeeps.D) Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itstimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.Did

55、youknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.It'salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwo

56、menmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying"no."Womenwanttobeabletodoitallvolunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals-andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican”.Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisin

57、abilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen'sheathaswellastheircareer.Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon'twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,theresaproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimme

58、diately,resultinginadisputeovershouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmost,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat'stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem-evenifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemselves.Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactoronwhogetspromotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.Leadershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely-includingstaffexpertise.Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmayno