中考英语名词讲解与练习.

1、名词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、名词的分类类别意义表示具体的人名、 事物、国家、专有名词地名、机构、团体等的专有名名称可个体表示单个人的人或事物数名词名集合表示一群人或一些事物的总普名词称词通物质不表示无法分为个体的物质名名词词可词数抽象名表示抽象概念的词名词词例词Jim , China, Qingdao, theUK,the Great Wallgirl,student,factory,desk,cat , countrypeople,police,team,clothes,group, crewwater, ice, pork,

2、cheese,cotton, broccolifun,healthy,happiness,courage, love, care注： 1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“ the，”但它不大写。3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer（） -a beer （），work （） - a work（）glass（） -a glass （），room （） -a room （）二、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单

3、、 复数两种形式： 可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或 an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词在清辅音后chip s, jeeps, pats , clock s读 /s/一般情况加 s在浊辅音或boys, sharpeners, sofas,元音后读 /z/drawer s以 s,x,ch,sh 结加 es/iz/watches, box es, classes,尾的单词brushes以字母 o 结尾加 s 或 es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos,的单词tomatoes,

4、 potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母 +y去 y 变 i/z/dictionar ies, strawberr ies,结尾的单词加 es以 f 或 fe 结尾去 f 或 fe变 v 加/vz/leaves, wiv es, halv es的单词es以 th 结尾的词加 s/ez/; / z/mouths, paths; month s, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man-men, woman women, tooth teeth, foot feet, goose geese, mouse-mice单复数同形 eg. Chinese-

5、Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词 , 每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers注意 :有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数( 其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news3. 不

6、可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:a/an,没有复数形式。物质名(1) 同一个词time 时间,变成复数形式- times（, 意义不同。 eg. food）， green 绿色食物 - foods （-greens 青菜），(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时 ,常用某个 量词 +of 来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread,

7、 several bags of rice,三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系“ 的”。1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾+s。(2) 以 s 结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后Lucy and Lily s room指. (),有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用eg. Mr. Mott s robot, children s clotheseg. teachers books+ s;如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面+s。of,表示eg.Mrs Green s and Mrs Brown s 指son. ()(4)

8、 表示某具体场所时 , 所有格后面的名词可省略eg. the doctor s (office)Mr. Whites2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。eg. the wall of the classroom ， a picture of the bedroom ，(2) 名词的的定语较长时 ,有生命的事物也可用 of 短语表示。eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man(4)双重所有格 eg. the big nose of Tom s；他的一个朋友 _(5)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格。e

9、g. ten minutes walk, today s newspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.They got much _ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. newsD. stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges3.Every evening M r. King takes a _ tohis home .A. 25 min

10、utes walkB. 25 minute s walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk4.An old _ wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person5.Help yourself to _.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples6.Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. room s numberB. rooms numb

11、erC. room numbersD. rooms numbers7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room8._ mothers couldn t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter sB. Mary and Pete rC. Mary s and PeterD. Mary s and Peters9. Li Lei h

12、as been to _ many times this month.A. her uncleB. her uncle s C. her unclesD. aunt s10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t _ in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sis

13、ters12. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen13.The team _having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be14.“ Would you like _?“”, please.”A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink, Thr

14、ee cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men.A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millions练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ we

15、re ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, livesB. children, lifeC. children, livesD. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and motherB. my mother and father'sC. my mother's and father'sD.my father's and my mother3.The new stu

16、dent is in _ , Grade Two.A. Class ThirdB. Third ClassC. Class ThreeD. Three class4.Today is September 10th. It's _ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeachersB. Teachers'C. the Teachers'D. Teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _ bicycle

17、 ride.A.half an hours'B. half an hour'sC. half an hourD. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls?- _, please.A.Two cup of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cups of coffees7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _.A. funB. wi

18、shesC. interestD. thanks8.Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs9.After the exam, we'll have_ holiday.A. two weeksB. two-weeksC. two weeks'D. two week's10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus.A. visitorB. visitorsC. visitor'sD. visitors'

19、;11.- How many workers are there in your factory?- There are two _.A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?- It sounds really wonderful.A. subjectB. musicC. bookD. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge.A

20、. placeB. roomC. fieldD. ground14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. WoolB. PorkC. MuttonD. Milk15.If you don't take more _, you'll get fat.A. medicineB. lessonsC. photosD. exercise16.My school is about twenty _ walk from here.A. minuteB. minutes'C. minutes'sD. minu

21、tes17.Mum, I have _ to tell you!A. a good newsB. some good newsC. some good newes D. much good news18.Which is the _ to the post office?A. streetB. wayC. roadD. address19.I stayed at _ last Sunday.A. my unclesB. my uncles'C. my uncle'sD. my uncle's family20.Maths _ not easy to learn.A. a

22、reB. isC. amD. were冠词冠词分为不定冠词 (a, an )和定冠词(the)知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、不定冠词的用法1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如：She is a girl.Pass me an apple , please.2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：A boy is waiting for youWe work six days a week.3). 表示“一 ”这个数量 ,但数的概念没有one 强烈 .例如 :We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.I

23、 have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如 :a few, a little, a lot of注 : 用 a 还是 an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.二、定冠词的用法1) 特指某 (些)人或某 (些 )物 .例如 : the photo of the boy2) 指双方都知道的人或物 .例如 :-Where are the new books, Jim?- They are on the small table.3) 指上文提过的人或物 .例如 : Today he is making a m

24、achine.He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.4). 用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如 :The sun is bigger than the moon.5). 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如 :The first truck is carrying a few baskets.The third one is carrying the fewest of all.6). 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如 :the Great Wallthe North Street Hospital7).

25、 用在一些习惯用语中.例如 :in the morning (afternoon, evening),on the left(right)at the end of三、不用冠词的情况1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如：China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk2）名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词。例如：The letter is in her pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day.3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：My father a

26、nd mother are teachers.I like cakes.4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如：It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.)Today is Mid-Autumn Day.It is cold in winter.5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Uncle Wang likes making things.What colour are Mrs Green s shoes?6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如：He went to school after breakfast.Can you play basketball?注：在

27、某些固定词组中，如：at home, by bus, go to school 等的名词前不用冠词。冠词用法口诀一、定冠词的用法。特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器。以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况，即：特指某些人或物谈话双方都熟悉的人或事上文已经提到的人或事世界上独一无二的事物前序数词回形容词最高级前某些专有名词前一些习惯短语（如：in the day 等）中和乐器前（如：playthe violinpiano ）。/二、不用冠词的集中情况。下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况，即：名词前已有作定语用的this 、 that 、some、 any、 my 等限定词。专有名词和不可数名词前。表示学科的（如： maths 、Chinese 、physics ）名词前。球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时。节日、季节、星期、月份前。表示颜色（如：It'sred / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China. They come from A