新二1-40课堂笔记

1、TOP ENGLISH OFFICE突破英语工作室 新二课堂笔记 内部资料Lesson 1 A Private Conversation 私人谈话1. “谈话”：conversation指两个或更多人相互交换意见的交谈，一般用词。talk可与conversation换用。 dialogue多指对白，对话。chat指熟人间的随便交谈。 “与谈话have a talk/chat/conversation with sb ”2. seat n.座位（多指汽车、剧院等里面的座位）“take/have ones/a seat 请坐（比sit down更礼貌）” v. 使人坐下: seat sb/ones

2、elf “Please be seated.= Please sit down. ” 3. attention n. 注意 常用词组：pay a little/some/much/close/no attention to turn ones attention to 把注意力转向catch/attract/draw ones attention 吸引某人的注意 Attention, please!请注意！4. private：(反) public 公众的 (近义词) personal个人的5. be/get angry with sb about sth 因某事生某人的气 make sb a

3、ngry 使某人生气 angrily adv. “He cried out angrily.”6. bear n.熊 v.忍受（=stand） bear in mind牢记在心 “I cant stand/bear it.”7. rude adj.无礼的，粗鲁的 be rude to sb rudely adv. n. rudeness反义词：polite politely politeness8. end n./v. 结束，尽头： in the end (=at last, finally) 最后 at the end of 在的终点， by the end of this year 到今年

4、年底为止9. 简单句的五种基本句型：S+Vi S+Vt+O S+V+P S+Vt+Oi+Od S+Vt+O+C Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早午餐1. until prep.（引出时间状语短语） 到为止，在以前 (句中谓语动词为持续性) conj.（后跟句子） 到为止，在以前，直到才（not until主句中谓语动词为短暂性）例：Nothing is learned until you can use it. I stayed up until four oclock last night.2. ring vi. 响铃 The phone was ringing

5、loud enough to wake everybody inside the house. vt.打电话 Ill ring you back as soon as I get home. n. 环状物，戒指 The Lord of the Rings 指环王3. repeat v. 重复 n. repetition repeated adj.再三的，反复的 repeatedly adv. 选词填空：Anyone can make a mistake, but only a fool _ it. His second book is full of _(重复的语句) _ mistakes H

6、e visited her family _ , begging her to marry him.4. 区分：sometimes有时, some times有几次, some time一段时间, sometime某时填词：I have overslept _. He will visit our school _ next week.5. 感叹句： What+a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语（可省略）！ How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语（可省略）！What fine weather! = How fine the weather is!What a fine day! = How

7、fine the day is!Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片1. spoil v. 破坏，溺爱 “ The foggy weather has totally spoiled my plan to China.” spoiled adj. 被宠坏了的：a spoiled child2. lend v.借出 “lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人” 反义表达法：“borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物”3. friendly adj. 友好的，朋友般的 “be friendly/kin

8、d to sb.” 构词法：n.+lyadj. lovely silly蠢的 lonely 孤独的 deadly 致命的4. decision n. 决定 v. decide 决定 “decide to do sth = make up ones mind to do = make a decision to do 决定去做某事“5. 动词形式： see saw seen seeing to see 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 不定式“给予”动词带双宾语：直接宾语（物）和间接宾语（人）：send sb sthsend sth to sb 类似动词有：give, bring, teach,

9、 show, take, lend, write, tell, sell, pass, leave, hand, buy, offer6. 花费钱、时间做某事：spend time (in) doing sth / spend money on sth. sth cost sb money It takes sb some time to do sth pay money for sth Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行1. excite v.让人兴奋 “Harry Potter excites children throughout the world.”

10、exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 “Life is an exciting experience.” excited adj. (感到)激动的 “Sally was excited about this trip.” excitement n. 精彩 “Life is full of excitement.”2. receive v. 收到 to receive an email / a letter from / good education / a gift accept 接受 She received a Mercedes Benz as a birthday gift, but

11、she didnt accept it.”3. different adj.不同的（反: same）be different from与不同 be the same as 与相同 differ v. 与不同 differ from difference n. 不同点 make a difference 有关系，有影响，起作用4. a great number of（=many）+可数名词复数“许多，大量的” 区别于： the number of +名词复数+is 的数量（后面谓语动词用单数形式）5. My brother has never been abroad before, so he

12、is finding this trip very exciting. “find+宾语+宾语补足语” Lily finds Paris a romantic(浪漫的) place. Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞1. message n. 信息，消息，口信 “take a message for sb. 给捎个信、leave a message 留个言/信” 不可数：information信息，news 消息，knowledge知识 “IT: information technology 信息技术”“Information Age = Digital Age

13、信息时代/数字时代”2. cover v. 走过，覆盖 n. 封面 “cover a distance of 5，000 miles 走过5，000 英里的路程 cover sth with sth： 用把盖上（be covered with被盖满了）3. distance n. 距离 a long distance call 长途电话 distance-learning 远程教育 distant adj. 远距离的 the distant horizon遥远的地平线4. spare adj. 多余的，空闲的： in ones spare(=free) time /spare parts v.

14、 抽出时间，饶恕某人 e.g. Can you just spare me a few minutes please? I really need to talk with you. Take all my money but spare my life 钱都拿去，求你绕我一命。5. request vt. / n. 要求，请求(ask) a request for help 请求帮助 at ones request 按照某人的要求 request sb. to do. / request sth from sb 6. 重点辨析: 只有两个 two: onethe other(两者中的) 一个

15、另一个 “on the one handon the other hand一方面另一方面”someothers 一些另一些（others=other+名词复数）7.固定搭配：a great many=a great number of =many +名词复数 many a +名词单数+谓语单三:表示许多8. 现在完成时与一般过去时区别：（时间决定动词形态，此之谓“时态”。） 过去时一定是在过去发生或存在的，与现在无关。时间状语有：yesterday, three days ago, in 1998, last year, on Monday morning 等。 现在完成时则与现在息息相关，它

16、表达的是到现在为止的持续、结果、经历。时间状语有：for twenty years, just, already, ever, never, so far, up till now, up to now, yet, before 等。Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 1. beggar n. 乞丐 Beggars cant be choosers. 饥不择食。 beg v. 乞求，请求 I beg your pardon? 请再说一遍。（请原谅。） beg sb to do sth 恳求某人做某事2. food n. 食物（可数、不可数） Man cant live without

17、 food and water.all kinds of foods People in many countries are short of food.吃不饱饭 feed v. 喂养 The kids love feeding bread to the dog. （feed sth to sb = feed sb sth） be fed up with 厌烦极了=be tired of =be sick of sb3. pocket n. 衣服口袋；钱 adj. 小型的，袖珍的： pocket dictionary 、pocket money “sb has a deep pocket 某

18、人财力雄厚、 sb is out of pocket 某人缺钱的 pick ones pocket 扒窃”4. call v. 呼唤，致电，拜访： call out to sb 对某人大声喊 I just call you to say I love you call at ones grandmas去我的奶奶家里 call on sb 拜访某人5. 作为的报答 In return for your assistance（help）/尽力而为do ones best to do Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚1. detective n. 侦探 detect v.查明，探获 de

19、tector n. 探测器 “a detective story 侦探小说 The new machine has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. 这个新机器被人们用来探测地下埋藏的金子。2. expect v. 期望（+that/sb. to do） e.g. Dont expect too much of him. 别指 望他太多。Her mother expects her to be a scientist. expectation 展望 狄更斯著名小说远大前程Great Expectation

20、s3. steal v.从偷 steal sth from sb “She admitted stealing the money from her employer. 辨析： rob sb of sth 抢劫，夺取 The young guy robbed Mrs. Smith of her diamond ring. 谚语：Rob Peter pay Paul. 拆东墙补西墙。4.valuable adj. 宝贵的，贵重的（由于有价值或很值钱而价格高）valuable collections 贵重的收藏品 invaluable 价格高得不能以钱来评估，“无价的”Precious 指具有很大

21、价值的东西或话语，不一定用金钱来衡量precious moments together 在一起的宝贵时光expensive 价格超过一般人的购买力“昂贵的” dear 价格超过实际价值 Eggs are dear these days.5. Grammar: 过去进行时： 表过去某个时间点正在发生的动作： I was taking a bath around 10 oclock yesterday. (必须有已发生的精确时间) 表过去某一现阶段的情况：She was waiting for her fiancé when the rain began. 刚开始下雨时，她在等她的未婚夫

22、。 在主从复合句中，常用when, while, as, just as和by the time表“当时候”引导时间状语从句。When后可以跟持续性动词，也可跟短暂性动词表“突然”插入的动作。而While后动词必须是延续性的，用进行时态。While he was watching TV, the telephone rang. He was watching TV when the telephone rang.Lesson 8 The best and the worst最好的和最差的1. competition n. 竞赛 competitor n. 竞争对手“face/ win/ ent

23、er for（报名参加）/ withdraw from （退出） a competition” compete v. 竞争 “compete with/ against 与竞争” 2. neat adj. 干净的，很棒的（是主要用法）neat and tight 干干净净区分：neat指“干净而整齐的”，含有细节不乱的意思。 tidy侧重“整齐的，有条理的”。 clean指“干净的，无杂质的，清白的”3. 辨析： every只能作不定形容词来修饰单数名词，强调多数概念。e.g. Every one of us has done his best.我们大家都尽力了。 each可作不定代词也可作形

24、容词，强调个体性质。e.g. Each of us planted a tree in the park the other day. Mom gave my brother and me three dollars each.4. Grammar:形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则分两种：单音节和部分双音节词在词尾加-er或-est构成（直接加/去e加/改y为i加/双写加）部分双音节和多音节词在前面加more或most构成。考点：不规则变化：many /much, good/ well, bad/ ill, little, far, old. 注意：并非所有形容词都有比较级变化。如：dead,

25、single和perfect都没有. 最高级中表示比较范围时用介词in+；表示比较对象时用of+.Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇1. welcome n.欢迎 v.欢迎 adj. 受欢迎的 “receive a warm/cold welcome ; Welcome to China. Youre welcome.2. crowd n. 人群 v. 拥挤，挤满 crowed adj. 拥挤的，塞满的。“a large crowd of people; Millions of young people have been crowding into big cities.成

26、百万的年轻人都涌入了大城市。The street is a bit crowed in the morning.3. gather v. 聚集，聚会 Lets gather together sometime.什么时候聚聚吧。 A rolling stone gathers no moss.（谚语）滚石不生苔，勤奋有收获。区分：gather: 聚集，集合在一起。collect:有目的有计划的收集。4. refuse v.拒绝 refuse to do sth. = turn down sth refusal n.拒绝 谚语：The sea refuses no river. 海纳百川。5. G

27、rammar:表时间的介词用法： at（在）: 时间点，固定时刻，节假日，起始终止： at dawn（拂晓）/noon/dusk（黄昏）/night; at Christmas; at the beginning of/ at the end of/at first/ at last in(范围内)：早中晚，年季月，过去和未来：in the future/in the past 难点on(在)：周几，日期，特定时日：on Monday morning, on April 21st, on Christmas Day, on a clear night一个晴朗的夜晚，on a rainy day

28、，on the following evening在第二天晚上。during(持续阶段) during the summer holidaythrough(自始至终) They were close friends all through their lives.他们一生都是好友。6. “in +一段时间”通常表达未来之事，用于将来时，“将在多久后”(提问时用how soon) It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. How soon will you be back? In half an hour.Lesson 10 Not for j

29、azz 不适于演奏爵士乐1. damage v. 毁坏，破坏 “Hundreds of buildings were badly damaged in the earthquake. n. do/cause damage to 对有损坏“Smoking can cause great damage to your lungs.吸烟可能会损坏你的双肺。damage:指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏。损坏了还可修复”。destroy：指“彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复”。The town was destroyed in a big fire. spoil:宠坏、溺爱；破坏：Postca

30、rds always spoil my holidays. The rain has spoilt my painting.2. shock v. 使震惊 You almost shocked me to death. 你差点没吓死我。 n. have/got a shock 吓了一跳 shocked (过去分词)形容词：“吃惊的”After the speech, there was a shocked silence. shocking adj.令人吃惊的 构词法：v.+ed adj.修饰物 v.+ing adv.修饰人3. allow v. 允许某人去做某事：allow sb. to d

31、o sth. 常用于被动语态：be（not）allowed to do sth. “The kids are not allowed to touch the precious paintings.” allowance n.津贴，零用钱4. Grammar:被动语态：主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的承受者为被动语态 。基本形式：be + P.P.(过去分词)(be 负责时态变化，起助动词作用，注意人称和数的变化。)学习被动语态的关键：理解句意，能准确分辨出是主动还是被动语态。根据人称和句中时态提示能确定be的具体形式。牢记P.P.尤其是不规则动词的过去分词。5. 考点：区分运用：b

32、e made in+地点 be made by+人 be made of+可见原料be made up of由几个部分、成分组成 be made from+不可见原料be made into+成品6. 关键句型：It has belonged to our family for a long time. (belong to无被动语态)It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers. （进行时态的被动语态）“不同意”口语表达：No way! Over my dead body.坚决反对。 Not likely.不可能。Lesson 11 One g

33、ood turn deserves another 礼尚往来1. turn v. 转身 turn left/right/around 旋转，转动(开关) turn on/off 打开、关上 turn up/down 把声音调大/小 n. 行为，举止 do sb a good (bad) turn 做一件对别人有益的事/帮助别人 顺序，轮流 Its sbs turn to do sth 该某人做某事了。take turns to do sth 轮流做2. deserve v.应得，值得 “If you do wrong, you deserve punishment (惩罚).” You des

34、erve it！ 你活该！ 近义表达： (sth) be worth doing 值得做某事（主动形式表被动意思）3. salary n. 薪水（月薪） a fat/high/good salary 高薪 wages(周薪，日薪) 4. borrow sth from sb.从某处借某物 反义表达：lend sth to sb 把东西借给某人to my surprise 令我惊讶 to ones anger/ delight/disgust令某人生气/欣喜/厌恶的是Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风1. sail n. 帆 v. 扬帆起航 “She

35、sailed the boat without any help. The ship is sailing for /from NY.”2. proud adj. 骄傲的，自满的 “You must be proud of your son. Dont be so proud.补充：n. 骄傲，光荣 pride “ He takes pride in his daughters ability to speak four languages.” ( be proud of 为感到骄傲 take pride in 以为荣)3. 写作句型：Its important to do sth. 做某事很

36、重要。 n. importance:重要性 反义前缀un-:不重要的unimportant (untrue/uncomfortable/unfair/unhappy)4. be famous for sth 因为而闻名 be famous as +身份 作为 而闻名 5. 翻译下列和“运气”有关的短语：cross ones fingers = keep ones fingers crossed break a leg Its a pain in the neck be out of luckLesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年1. performance n. 表

37、现，表演,演出 “Her performance in the play was very good.v. perform 表演，做“ The children performed a play.” n. performer 表演者 “She is the greatest ballet performer in their country.”2. occasion n. 机会，场合 on the occasion 在这种情况下 on great occasions 在盛典时期 on another occasion 另一次3. order n. 秩序 反义词：disorder n. 混乱 常

38、考：be in order 井然有序be out of order 无序，乱套了的 keep order 维持秩序v. 命令，点菜 I ordered a salad for you. “order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事”4. 语法专练：将来进行时：表将来某时正在进行的动作。发生的可能性大，按计划安排进行的。 shall/will将来助动词 +be进行助动词 + doing “I will be visiting London this time next month.”Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？1. amuse v.使开

39、心，逗乐 The jokes amused all the guests. amusing (现在分词变来的形容词) 好笑的，有趣的 an amusing story amused (过去分词变来的形容词) He was amused at what he saw in the zoo. amusement n.娱乐，开心 amusement park 游乐园2. experience n.经历（可数）He has plenty of amusing experiences. 经验（不可数） Do you have much experience in teaching French? v.

40、经历 It was the worst pain Ive ever experienced. 这是我体验过的最痛的一次。 experienced adj. 有经验的 an experienced speaker/doctor3. lift n. 免费搭乘，搭便车；电梯=elevator v. 举起，抬起；（云雾等）消散 “ give sb a lift让某人搭车 ask for a lift 要求搭车”4. reply v. 回答，答复 （多于to连用）reply to 比answer 正式。5. language n.语言“native/ language本族语，本国语言”“mother l

41、anguage/tongue母语” 表一国的语言用：Chinese/Chinese tongue/ the Chinese Language 6. Grammar: 过去完成时：表示过去某一时刻或某一动作前的完成状态或动作。动词形式：had done(过去分词) 此时态特点：极少出现在简单句中，句中常有两个动作出现，且强调动作发生的“先后顺序”。常用when、before、after、until等引导的从句或由by the end of+短语引出过去完成时。“We had learnt 40 lessons by the end of last month. They had had lunc

42、h when I arrived.”7. 区别： apart from: 除了外（都）（句首）= except for 除了外（还）=besidesexcept除了外,没有了（句中）（将个别从同类中排除）except for除了以外,（句中或句首）（对主要部分的肯定，局部的否定）but（=except）常用在复合不定代词后。8. 表示方位的三个介词用法：in内部，on接壤，to不相邻。Lesson 15 Good news 佳音1. nervous adj. 紧张的、神经质的；焦虑的，担忧的（内心紧张的）“feel nervousabout” Many people are nervous a

43、bout speaking to a large crowd of people. 2. afford v.担负，付得起（常与can和could连用）afford sth./ to do sth. “I cant afford the time. 我没时间。People cant afford to be ill nowadays.现在人们根本就病不起。” affordable adj. 廉价的，便宜的3. interrupt v.插话，打断 Napoleon said,“Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake.” 近义表达

44、：break in/cut in/stop sb. speaking4. 区别：如此 such+adj.+n. so+adj./adv 顺口溜：“名前such, 形、副so, 多多少少仍用so, little做“小”，用such” “so many/much/little/few是固定搭配”5. Grammar:间接引语就是转述别人的话。（一般构成宾语从句，通常由say, tell, ask引出） 考点：人称保持一致。 时态保持一致（对应向后推）。 连词选用很重要：陈述句that,一般疑问句if/whether, 特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词 陈述句语序最重要：主语前助动词、情态动词、实意动

45、词在后。 时状变化按规定：todaythe day before tomorrowthe next /following dayLesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求1. traffic n.交通，路况(不可数名词) “The traffic is terribly heavy in rush hours.上下班高峰时间，交通拥堵十分厉害。”2. sign n. 标记，记号 v.签署 signature n.签名 Sign your name here, please.“Pay great attention to the traffic signs while

46、driving. Which astrological sign do you belong to? 你是哪个星座的？3. reminder n.提示“A kiss is a pleasant reminder that two heads are better thanone.”吻是一个让你意识到两人总比一人好的温馨小提示。 remind sb of使想起 The old pictures remind me of my campus（校园）life years ago. 4. Grammar:条件句（真实的）if“如果”引导条件状语从句：动词用一般现在时。主句中动词用将来时：will+do

47、或情态动词+do或祈使句. 即“主将从现，主情从现”： If you are free tomorrow, please come and join us. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go on a picnic. Lesson 17 Always young 青春永驻1. appear v.出现 “She didnt appear until the end of the play.直到戏快结束时，她才出现。” disappear 消失v. appearance n.外表 “Dont judge a person by his appearance不可

48、以貌取人。”2. stage n. 舞台，抽象的舞台“appear on the stage, in the international stage(抽象).”3. bright adj. 鲜艳的bright blue宝蓝色，明亮的（反：dark），聪明的（clever/smart/intelligent），光明的前途: a bright future4. “ blue stocking 才女” “old socks 老兄”5. in spite of = despite 尽管，后接一个名词短语表让步He failed in spite of his efforts（努力）. 尽管很努力，他还

49、是失败了。6. 扮演一个小姑娘: play the role of a young girl / act the part of a young girl/play the character of a young girl on the stage/appear on the stage as a young girl7. Grammar: must必须:强调主观看法。时态单一。have to 不得不：客观情况。时态多样。考点：Must? Yes. must. No, neednt/dont have to. must 还表“肯定的推测”Lily must be home now. She

50、must have done her homework. She cant be home. I saw her in the street just now. She may be home. Lesson 18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！1. landlord n. 地主，房东 “lord古时对男性贵族的尊称” v. land 降落 n. land 国土 陆地 homeland/motherland祖国 Mainland China 中国大陆 2. bill n.账单;钞票、纸币 “pay the bill买单” 3. have 的多用法：实意动词：有，拥有（

51、=own/possess/have got） 助动词：帮助构成完成时：have/has/had done sth have to = have got to （口）不得不Lesson 19 Sold out 票已售完1. hurry v.急忙去做 “She hurried away without saying anything. Hurry up! 快点！” v.催促 I hate to hurry you, but I have got to catch the train. n. 急切 be in hurry to do sth.匆忙做某事“Why are you in such a h

52、urry to go home? adj. hurried 匆忙的 adv. hurriedly 匆忙地 He drank the water hurriedly.2. sad adj.悲伤的，难过的“feel sad心酸，难过” sadly n. sadness（happiness）3. return v.归还 (give sth back to)：return the book to the library v.回来 return to London=come back to London4. 情态动词： can（might）: 表“能力，许可，可能性和推测(不可能)” may(might

53、): 表“许可，可能性和祝愿”May you success!5.课文重点句型解析：It may have begun already. “must/ cant/may/might have done 表对过去事情的肯定、否定、或无把握的推测”I might(may) as well have them. “might(may) as well do sth.表无可奈何的口气”Since I have come, I might as well wait a little longer.既然已经来了，我还是再多等会儿吧。 Lesson 20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟1. c

54、atch v.赶上，抓住，感染（疾病）：“catch/have a bad cold”“catch the early bus ”“Tall trees catch much wind. 树大招风。” catch up with sb 赶上，与并驾齐驱 catch fire:着火了2. 动名词：v.+ing在句中具有名词的性质。在句中作主语和（介词）宾语：*Speeding is dangerous. 超速危险。 *He left without saying a word.考点句型：*Do you mind my hanging out with my friends sometimes?

55、你介意我偶尔出去和朋友们聚聚吗？ (enjoy/ mind/finish/practice doing sth. )3. instead of sth/doing sth 代替 而instead常放句尾单独用。4. Im even less lucky. even用来修饰形容词比较级。类似的有：a little/much/far/a bit“I found it far more interesting. I feel much better now.”5. After having spent the whole morning on the river,(after+动名词短语) I always go home with an empty