中考英语语法讲解资料及练习(共18讲)

1、中考英语语法讲解资料及练习（共18讲）第1讲：名词名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了，我们吃的 food ，喝的 drinks ，穿的clothes 都是名词。 It is easy, right? 但是你 可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的，到底该怎么用呢？OK,follow me 。 First, 名词复数的特殊变化。普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s 或-es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：a. class, box, watch, brush 等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加 -es；b. story, factory

2、等以辅音字母+y结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i 再加-es；c. knife, wife, life 等以-f 或-fe 结尾的词一般先将-f 或-fe 变为-v,再加-es；d. 以-o 结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是”元音字母+o的词加-s， 我们学过的有 radio,zoo。末尾是”辅音字母+o的词， 变复数加-es。 如： tomato, hero, potato， 当然其中的 piano 和 photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（

3、women ）等词的复 数变化全不遵循规则。注意：与 man 禾口 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 禾口-women。如：an Englishman ,two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；f. deer，sheep 等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English， the French， the Chinese 等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。注意：maths，politics

4、，physics 等学科名词，虽然以-s 结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有the United States（美国），theUnited Nations （联合国）等应视为单数。别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。a. man, woman 等作定语时， 它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如： men workers， women teachers。b. 数词 +名词作定语时， 这个名词一般保留单数形式 ,中间加连字符。如： a ten-mile walk 十里路， two-hundredtrees 两百棵树。 哇！这些问题好复杂，我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻

5、轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。 这里面内容可谓少之又少，可也不能小视呦。名词所有格：表示 的”通常是在名词的后面加 -s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes。但以-s 结尾的名词因为已经有 s 了，只需加就 0K 了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s,.则表示分别有”。.如：Johns and Marys room （约 翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个 S，则表示”共有”。如：John and Marys room （约翰和玛丽共有一间） 。 还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词 好，名词部分我们已经学完， Are you ready?of 来帮助一下，如：

6、 a map of China， the end of this term。Its a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，练习：1. All the _teachers and_ students are having a meetingthere.A. women girlsB. women girlC. woma n girlsD. woma n girl2. Mr Black is a friend of _ .A. Jacks auntsB. Jacks auntC. Jack auntsD. aunts of Jack3. This toy was mad

7、e by a _ boy.A. ten-year-oldB. ten-years-oldC. ten-year-olderD.ten-years-older4. The farmer raised ten _ .A. sheepsB. deersC. horseD. cows5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_A. her grandmotherB. her grandmothersC. her grandmothersD. that of her grandmother6. We have moved into a _.A.

8、 two- storey houseB. house of two storeyC. two-storeys houseD. two storeys house7. The _ was too much for the child to carry.A. boxs steelB. box of a steelC. steel boxD. box of the steel8. Well give our English teacher a card for _ .A. the Teachers DayB. Teachers DayC. a Teachers DayD. Teachers Day9

9、. Li Ping met an old friend of _on a train yesterday.A. heB. himC. hisD. her10._ are big and bright.A. The classroom windowB. The window of the classroomC. The windows of the classroomD. The classrooms windows实战：1. Dont worry. Your son will come back in _hour.A. aB. anC. theD. /2. This nice blouse i

10、snt mine. Its _ .A. youB. yourC. LucyD. yours3. Whats potato in Chinese? Its _ .A. 香蕉B. 大白菜C. 西红柿D. 土豆4. The ninth month of a year is _ .A. DecemberB. NovemberC. SeptemberD. October5. A: Must I leave now?B: No, you _ .A. needntB. mustntC. dontD. wont6. We have a history lesson _ Wednesday afternoon.

11、A. onB. ofC. atD. to7. Suan has made quite _friends since she came to China.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little8. A: Have you ever _to the West Lake?B: Yes, I _ there last winter.A. gone, wentB. been, wentC. gone , have beenD. been, have9. Do you _ English?A. tellB. sayC. talkD. speak10. A: May I _ y

12、our ruler?B: OK, Im glad to _it to you.A. lend, borrowB. lend, lendC. borrow , lendD. borrow, borrow11. Well go to the museum if it _ tomorrow.A. cant rainB. wont rainC. dont rainD. doesnt rian12. Do you know _ ?A. where does he studyB. he studies whereC. where he studiesD. he where studies13. A: _d

13、o you go to see your grandparents?B: Once a monthA. How oftenB. How longC. how muchD. how many14. A: Would you like another cup of orange?B: _ Im full.A. No, thanksB. Yes, please.C. Here it is.D. I dont like.15. You must be tired. Why not _ a rest?A. to stop to haveB. stop havingC. stop to haveD. to

14、 stop having第2讲：代词我们刚刚讲完了名词，现在再来看看名词的brother 代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似，所担当的句中成分也相差不多。 但也别小看代词呀！它还有很多的 “小个性 ”呢！只要抓住它的几个 “小脾气 ”，那么你就可以牢牢地 掌握它了。代词中第一个 “小个性 ”就是物主代词。像 my 和 mine 这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它 们最重要的区别 一 my 的后面一定要接名词，不可以单独出现，只能做定语，如：my father;而 mine 则是名词性，只能单独出现，在句中做主语和表语。如： Mine is green. Its mine. 记住这两个

15、句子，凡是名词性物主代词( yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs)就都可以放在 mine 的位置上了。这样，通过它们出现的位置不同，我们就可以把它们区 别开了。代词的第二个 罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班self(selves)反身代词，也就是表示自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词，需要注意的是她不能单独做主语，但可以放在人称代词后面，做同位语。如： Marry herself saidso.玛丽她自己这么说的。(不能说 Herself said so.)下面我给你开点小灶，单独讲一讲须特特注意的地方。Of+名词性物主代词：of +物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为：a

16、(an, this, that ) +名词+of +名词性物主代词。牢记公式，举一反三。因为物主代词不可与a, an, this, that, these,those, some, any, no, each,every, such, ano the 等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。如：a friend ofmine (我的一个朋友) ， each brother of his (他的每一个兄弟) .some, any 的用法：我们都知道 some 用于肯定句中，而 any 则用于否定句和疑问句中。所以 somebody, some one也用于肯定句中，而anybody、an

17、yone 则用于否定和疑问句中。注意：在 Would youlike some coffee?（要来点咖啡吗？）这样的肯定疑问句中，说话人认为对方的答案会是 肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时，用some 而不用 any。every 和 each 的用法：every 强调全体的概念，指三个以上的人或物（含三个），不可单独使用；each 强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物（含两个），可单独使用.。Every student inour school works hard.（我们学校的学生都很用功。） Each student may have one book. （每个学生都可有一本书。 ）both,

18、either, neither 的用法：both 意为“两者全都”，与复数连用。 either 意为“两者中间的任何一个 ”，neither 表示“两者之间一个也不是 ”， 与单数连用。如： Bothof the them come from London 。 他们两人都是伦敦人。You may take eitherwith you 。两个 中间你随便带哪个都行。 Neither is correct 。两个都不对。Few，a few 和 little ，a little 的用法：Few，a few 用来代替和修饰可数名词，little，a little 用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few

19、和a little着重肯定意思，相当于汉语 有几个”，有一点儿”；few 和 little 着重否定意思，相当于汉语没有几个”，没有多少”OK，代词部分我们已经学完，Its a piece of cake?接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，Are you ready?练习：1. We had plenty of paper but_ ink.A. a fewB. fewC. not manyD. not much2. Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who havehave never learned _

20、before.A. oneB. itC. themD. that3. Were very busy because weve so _ books to read and so _homework to do every day.A. much . manyB. many . muchC. many . a lotD. a lot . much4. I thought _ of the matter but still couldnt find out the reason.A. everyB. bothC. nothingD. everything5. My car is not so ex

21、pensive as _ .A. himB. hesC. heD. his6. Lily and Lucy have arrived ，but _ students arent here yet.A. otherB. othersC. the otherD. the others7. There are high buildings on _ side of the street.A. bothB. everyC. anyD.either8. What do you usually have for breakfast? eggs and milk.A Little . a fewB. A l

22、ittle . a littleC. A few . a littleD. A few . a few9._ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.A. SomethingB. AnythingC. NothingD. Everything10. Is this story the same as _ in that book?A. the oneB. whatC. thatD. it实战：1. There is _old woman in the car.A. 不填B. theC. aD. an2. We often

23、go to the park _ Sundays.A. onB. inC. atD. from3. My book _on the desk.A. isB. amC. areD. be4. Which language is _, English, French or Chinese?A. difficultB. the difficultC. more difficultD. the most difficult5. _book is this? Its Kates.A. whenB. WhyC. WhereD. whose6. Can you write a letter in Engli

24、sh?No, I _.A. may notB. mustntC. cantD. neednt7. I _ my homework when Mike came last night.A. doB. was doingC. am doingD. have done8. He began to _ English three years ago.A. learnB. learnsC. learnedD. learning9. Jim is a driver, _ he?A. doesB. doesntC. isD. isnt10. Whats wrong _you? the doctor aske

25、d.A. fromB. withC. forD. at11. He is rich, _ he isnt happy.A. orB. soC. andD. but12. Where is Alice? She _to the library.A. goesB. will goC. has goneD. had gone13. Help _ to some fish, Mary. My aunt said to me.A. themselvesB. ourselvesC. yourselfD. himself14. Well stay at home if it _ tomorrow.A. ra

26、inB. rainsC. is rainingD. will rain15. The students _ on a farm for ten days. Then they_to a factory.Though they_ back school, they still remember those farmersand workers.A. have stayed, went , wasB. had stayed, go , areC. have stayed, go, have beenD. have stayed, went, were第3讲：形容词Spring is coming.

27、 The trees are green, and the flowers are beautiful. 多么美的季节啊！我们要去郊游 , 去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么 使用起来老出错呀？不是放错了位置，搞错了级别，就是在使用多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了，形容 词使用时需要遵循一些规则的。想知道吗？接着往下看。a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作 定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律：冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质 +大小+形状+表示老少、新旧 +颜色

28、+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记 ,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。There is something wrong with my bike 。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮，为什么 wrong 放在something 的后面呢？原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的，但当形容词所修饰的词为 something ， anything ， nothing ，everything 等以 -thing 为字尾的词语时，形容词要后置。形容词级别问题：a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。（我们的教室是他们的两倍。）这种表示倍

29、数的句子用times +形容词比较级+than这样的格式。你记住了吗？b. Im three years older than yo u . （我比你大三岁。 ）表示大三岁，高二厘米 等时用 表示数量词的词 +比较级。c. 越来越.用”比较级+and +比较级”来表示。 如： The earth is gettingwarmer and warmer。（地球变得越来越暖和。）d. 越. 就越.用the + 比较级，the+ 比较级来表示。如：The busier he is , the happier he feels。（他越忙，越觉得高兴。 ）最高级用法的用法就很简单了，提醒你一点，最高级要

30、用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的：alone 和 lonely：I feel lonely, because I am alone at home. 你独自一人在家用alone 表示单独的 、 独自一人的 ，它表示一个客观事实，在句中只能做表语。你在家感到寂寞， 用Ionely，表示主观上感到孤独寂寞，指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪，可作定语和表语。older 和 elder: Jack is older than me, he is my elder brother.杰克比我大要用older，表示”年纪大的，年老的”，常 用做表语；他是我的长兄用elder，表示”年老的，年长的”，用做定语，只用于比

31、较两个人的长幼，只能作表语。接下来又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，你准备好了吗？练习：1. Tony is going camping with _ boys.A. little two otherB. two little otherC. two other littleD. little other two2.Which is the _ country, Japan or Australia?A. more developedB. more developingC. most developedD. most developing3. How was your recent visit to

32、 Qingdao? It was great.We visited some friends ，and spent the _days at theseaside.A. few last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last4. The books are not _ to be published.A. enough interstingB. interesting enoughC. so interestingD. too interesting5._ Whats yoursports?A. the most fa

33、voriteB. most favoriteC. favoriteD. the favorite6._Thereswith the recorderA. anything wrongB. wrong anythingC. something wrongD.wrong something7. His sister is _ than he .A. younger five yearsB. five years youngerC. five year youngeD. five younger years8. We should speak English in and after class.

34、Yes, _, _ .A. more , betterB. the more, the betterC. much, betterD. the often, the better9. The old man lives alone, he feels _.A. aloneB. lonelyC. loneD. alonely10. I think bananas are _of all the fruits.A. deliciousB. much deliciousC. more deliciousD. the most delicious实战：1. Whats this in English?

35、 Its _ apple.A. aB. anC. theD. 不填2. I was born _February 18, 1981.A. onB. inC. atD. of3. There isnt _water in the glass.A. someB. lotsC. manyD. any4. _ do you watch TV? Twice a week.A. How longB. How farC. How oftenD. How many5. I have two pencils, one is long, _is short.A. anotherB. otherC. the oth

36、erD. others6. They are poor, _they are always happy.A. andB. butC. orD. so7._ beautiful the flowers are!A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a8. Do you _English? Only a little.A. tellB. speakC. sayD. talk9. There are about _ students in our grade.A. two hundreds and twenty-fiveB. two hundreds and twenty fiv

37、eC. two hundred and twenty-fiveD. two hundred twenty-five10. His name is Robert Thomas Brown. The students call him _A. Mr RobertB. Mr ThomasC. Mr Thomas BrownD. Mr Brown11. Your books are here, where are _ ?A. myB. mineC. ID. me12. She will write to me sa soom as she _ in Paris.A. will arriveB. arr

38、iveC. arrivingD arrives13._ Its a fine day,? Yes, lets go out for a walk.A. is itB. it isC. isnt itD. it isnt14. Could you tell us_?A. when will the meeting startB. when the meeting will startC. the meeting will start whenD. then meeting when will start15. My bike is broken, can you mend it? Sorry, _.A. I cantB. I wontC. I canD. I dont第4讲：副词学完了形容词，副词讲解起来会更容易一些。一般认为形容词 +ly 就变成了副词， 如形容词 quick 加上 -ly 变成副词 quickly 。 但是象 friendly , lovely虽然以 ly 结尾，但实则是形容词，She is friendly to me（ 她对我 很友好。）可千万不要误认为是副词哟！副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词，这些用法相信大家已经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解 一下。already