完整版非谓语的用法总结

1、非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词不定式、动名词、分词不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓 语.但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语.不定式表目的, 表将来；动名词表主动,表进行；过去分词表被动,表完成.作主语动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being,动名词做主语谓语动词用单数1不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是屡次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作.如：Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险.泛指玩火To play with fire will be dange

2、rous 玩火会发生危险.2用动名词做主语的句型：It s no use/no gpOealsure doing sth故没有用处/好处/乐趣It s a waste of time doingsth 浪费时间It is worth doing sth直得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 之前预约一下是值得的.3不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用 of sb 如 consid

3、erate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/WTong 出 现 时.It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to不定式可做主语.如：

4、When to leavehasH t been decided yet.么时候动身还没定呢.Whether to drive or take the trains still a problem是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题.5)一般情况下：不定式和动名词作主语：谓语动词一般用单数形式.如：Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe见为实.Planting flowers needs constant watering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数).如：Lying and steali

5、ng are immoral说谎与盗窃是不道德的.6)动名词前面可以加卜形容词悴物力代词构成动名词的角合结构.如：What made him angry?Mary s /My/His/He/Their/ The boy s/ The president(laariBrhjiiatoigry.7)过去分词不能单独做主语,前面必须加上 being构成动名词,做主语.如：Being_exposed_to_the_s|jsiharmful to the skinBeing examined twice a yeawhether it is a car, a bus or a trdck, is the

6、 rule that every driver must obey in this city经典练习：1. It s important for the figures(update) regularly.2. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times whensitbetter(remain) silent.3. It s really stupid of you(tell) him the news yesterday so it has been disturbing him all the time.4. (under

7、stand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5. (worry) about your grades dodsn help.6. The engine just wont start. Something seems(go) wrong with it.参考答案:1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5. worrying 6.to

8、 go 改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1. Its standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4. Do well in an interview will be an im

9、portant part of getting a place at university.5. He told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.6. How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案：1.在 employ 前加 to 2. Hear 改为 Hearing 3. Know 改为 Knowing4. Do 改为 Doing 5. have 前加 to 6. prevent前加 to.二作定语1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不

10、定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、 工具等,不定式后面需要有相应的介词,如：The Browns have a comfortable house live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如: The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any the only等限定的中央词,且与中央词为逻辑 上的主动关系,如：He was the best marto do the job.She wasthe first womanto win the gold medal in the O

11、lympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式做定语,常见的有： promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readineSSI don t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.Birds singi

12、ng is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语：V+ing可以表示正在进行,也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请 区别下面短语：the boiling/ boiled water.正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水(表完成) a good-looking flower. 一朵好看的花儿(表特征)the developing countries/ the developed countrie开展中国家/兴旺国家the falling leaves / the fallen leave!在下落的叶子 /落叶the r

13、emaining money/ the money le函下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人感到.的,过去分词形式 表示“感到.的如：an exciting voice个令人兴奋的声音an excited voice 个兴奋的声音a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑的表情a puzzled expression个困惑的表情4) 区别以下后置定语的用法：r to be done表示被动、将来；done表示被动、完成；S being done表示被动、正在进行；v+ing表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sou

14、nd/taste/ feel/ smell/ look变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式.Have you read the noveW ritten by Dickens?Listen! The songbeing sungs very popular with students.The questionto be discussed tomorrow s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting deliciou sells well.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来,不表目的；having dong或者 having been do

15、ne般用在状语中,不可以做后置定语,过去分词本身就表被动和完成.请完成下面的练习1. There are many people(wait) outside the hall.2. There are many problems( remain) to be solved.3. The flowers(smell) sweet attract a lot of people.4. There are many people(invite) to the party.5. The film,(set) in the fbcentury, won the medal.6. The meeting(

16、hold) now is of great importance.7. The meeting(hold) yesterday was of great importance.8. The meeting(hold) tomorrow is of great importance.9. He is always the first(come) and the last(leave)10. He is the only person(know) the truth.11. He was the best(do) the job.13. A great number of students(que

17、stion) said they were forced to practice the piano.14. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter(offer) it to him.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope(provide)16. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds(stay) away.17

18、. The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place(leave) on the writing cowwhy don t you give it a try?20. In some languages, 100 words make up half o

19、f all words(use) in daily conversations.21. Volunteering gives you a chancechange lives, including your own.参考答案:1.waiting 2.remaining3. smelling 4.invited 5. set6.being held 7.held 8. to be held 9. to come 10. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided 16. to stay 17. sta

20、nding 18. waiting 19. lef20. used 21. to leave 22. to change三. 作表语不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语1. 动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作,可以是屡次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体 的动作,尤其是某一次的动作 例如：比较以下区别His favorite sport is swimming.位才旨游泳Your task today is to wash the curtains!一次具体的工作2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puz

21、zled/tiild|J exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tirMHe is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip. pleasant 做前置定语The trip is pleasing .pleasing 做 表语3. 注意下歹U表达方式： My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. rema

22、in的表语1remain to be doneQ5需去做眉待于One problemremians to be solved.It remians to be seewhether the operation was successful.2 remain做仍然是讲时,可用名词,adj,介词,现在分词或者过去分词作表语He remained stuck 滞留abroadPeter became a manager, but Jaekained a worker.Whatever achievements you ,ve made, yom ahouihobdest.无论你取得多么大的成就, 你

23、都该保持谦虚.He had toremain in hospitauntil he was better他不得不一直住院直到身体好些. This solid stone square tower hademained standingor one thousand years.The guests came in, but shemained sitting/seateat the desk reading人们都来了,但她还As before, heremained unmoved 他和以往一样无动于衷.注意：1用作不及物动词,意思是 剩下；剩余；遗留,此时不能用进行时态,也没有被 动语态.A

24、fter the fire, very little remained of his housed灾过后,他的家所剩无几.2remaining是形容词,意为 剩余的,常作前置定语；而left那么只能作后置定语.例如: There are still some apples leftE 剩余一些苹果.I bought a gift for her with the remaining moneys 用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物.3remain作名词时表示 剩余物丁般用其复数形式.例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song DynObty

25、学家发现了 一些宋 代遗迹.5. 1主语+ seem +to be +表语,表语多为名词或形容词Tom seems to be a very clever bo汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩.The man over there seems to be a new teache边的那个人看上去像一个新老2主语 + seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn t seems not to like the ide掐林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意. The children seemed to be eating something

26、in the room?们好似正在房间里吃东西呢. The young man seemed to have changed muCh个年轻人看起来变化很大.6.当不定式用作表语时,其中的to原那么上是不能省略的.如：His aim is to do two years 他otkinbifir年干两年的工作.但有一种例外,那就是当主语局部有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to.What you first do is to mix the egg with flour你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好.All I did was to touch the window, and it bro

27、ket只不过碰了一下窗户,玻璃就碎了经典练习1. My worry is yourrely too much on your parents.2. Please remainseat; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connect答案：l.relying 2.seated 3.connected四. 作宾语不定式和动名词都可以

28、作宾语1. 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅,成认、推退没得想像预防、继续练,否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider考虑；advise/suggest/propose/recommeid; excuse/pardort谅；admit/acknowledg照认；delay/postpone/put o械迟；imagine/fancy像；avoid 预防； practise 练习；deny否认;finish优成;appreciate/acknowledgl谢；forbid 隙止;mind介意;escape 脱；此外,这些动词也跟动名词：miss错过；enjoy 享受；risk

29、何险；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with容忍;quit停止advocate提倡;resist 反抗understand理解;allow/permit优 许短语：feel like doing sth喜欢做某事；give up doing放弃做某事；keep doing停的做某事;be busy doing sth pan t hedging sth 情不自禁；be worth doing sth得做某事；have difficulty/trouble doing sth.有困难 /麻烦;have a hard/good time doing sth.很开心 / 不开

30、心；have fun doing sth 做.很开心 succeed in doing sth功做某事句型：It is no use/good /pleasure doing tth.没有用处 / 好处 / 乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth5 要做某事It s a waste of time doing sth .浪费时间It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth do

31、ing sth值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装 主动容许选方案,同意请求帮一帮 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten夕卜的单词 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet he

32、re but so far she haturned up yet.3. forget go on mean, regret, remember, stop, try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾 语,但意义上有区别.forget to do sth forget doing sthgo on to do sth go on doing sthmean to do sth mean doing sthregret to say/tell/inform/announceregret doing sth/having doneremember to do sth remember doing

33、sthstop to do sth stop doing sthtry to do sth try doing sthcant help to do sth ctahelp doing sthcant help but do sth =cati but do sth sb used to do sth sb be used to doing sthsth be used to do sthbe afraid to do st床敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth!心发生某事 be sure to do s时定会.be sure of doing sth信会. Let s go

34、 on studying Lesson6k我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一局部. Let s go on to study Lesson 让我们接着学第六课.说明前面已学了第五课. I remember doing the exercise.我记得做过练习. I must remember to do it.我必须记着做这事. I tried not to go there.我设法不去那里. I tried doing it again.我试着又干了一次. Stop speaking.不要讲话. He stopped to talk.他停下来讲话.I mean to come early t

35、oday.我打算今天早些来. Missing the train means waiting for another ho ut误 了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时4. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作 宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：Flow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sth allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth We don t allow smoking here. We don t allow students to smoke.动词

36、need require want作需要解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作 宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.be worth后必须用动名词的主动 形式来表示被动意义.Sth |need/ want/require doing / to be done 要.Sth be worth doing 值得 .deserve to be done/ doing.值得.The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals des

37、erve considering/ to be considered.建议应该被考虑.5. to为介词的应Tdevote oneself/ on缶 time to 巴.奉献给.； look forward to 期望；pay attention to正意； attach importance to 重视；be used/accustomed toE惯于做某事;when it comes to肖谈至M故某事;get down to着手；prefer doing sth to doing sth喜欢.而不喜欢；turn to doing sthr向；thanks to 彭 亏;lead to 导致

38、;the key to doing sth 做某事的关键;object to/be opposed to附;contribute to 有助于；be addicted to doing sthff于；对.上瘾；make contributions to.做出奉献； due to 由于；apply oneself tol力于；stick to 坚持；come close to 接近于等后的 动词也必须用动名词形式,例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.6. 不定式做动词词组tell, show, understand, explain, teach

39、, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时,前面常常带引导词 how, what, whether, where, when, who等,但是 why后加不带 to 的不定式.He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don know what to do I don t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or gWe must decid

40、e whether we ll stay or go. Can you tell me why do it?7. 在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别.有时用动名词作宾语时, 指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为.I love swimming. I love to swim today.8. start begin, continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式.It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what h

41、e meant.典型例题1. David threatenedreport his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.2. He chosekeep silent when asked why.3. He volunteeredhelp the victims in the earthquake.4. Whenever you are in trouble, don t hesitateask me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the

42、 buildings in the area needrepair.6. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We don t allowsmoke here.7. I hear they ve promoted Tom, but he didn t mentionpromote when we talked on the8. Bill suggestedhold a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciatehave time to holiday w

43、ith you on this nice island.10. I can hardly imagine her(marry) such a men as Lee.11. It s quite hot today. Do you feel like(go) for a swim?12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without(recognize).13. They are quiet, aren t they?Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals

44、.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please?16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning gi

45、rl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was considered to be very rich.21. Don t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve tbeefesal su24. One learns a language by mak

46、ing mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it com

47、es to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret ( (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because sh

48、e was afraid of being bitten by a snake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I m afraid I can t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I

49、m sorry. I didn t mean hurt you.37. Now that we have finisheSxercise I, let s go on to do Exercise38. I couldn t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing?40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The co

50、mpetitor never dreamed of there(be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister(win) the contest?43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn t mind hertbkek away and used by other students.45. I insist on Mary go the

51、re.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.47. He left the city without our know it.答案：1. to report 2. to keep 3. to help 4.to ask 5.repairing 6.smoking 7.having been promoted 8.holding 9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.taifc为 taking 14正确 15.turn改为 turning 16.caught 前加being

52、17正确18正确19.change畋为changing 20正确21正确22正确23正确24.correct 改为 correcting 25.attecke前加 being 26.havin玫为 being 27.spea畋为 speaking 28.stud收为 studying 29.to inform 30.to persuade 31确 32.taken前加 being 33正确 34.painting改为 paint 35去 掉 to 36正确 37正确 38.admiring 39正确 40.paid前加 being 41.being 42.winning 43改为 my 或 m

53、e 44.taken前加 being 45.go改为 going,或去掉 on 46.wa畋为 being 47.know改为 knowing五. 作状语不定式分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,不定式表示目的, 动名词表示主动,过去分词表示被动.一不定式作状语1. 不定式作目的状语In order to可以放在句首,也可以放在句中；so as to只能放于句中,in order to和so as to放 于句中时,不能用逗号隔开.To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up ea

54、rly.=He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it.=In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number.2. 不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在以下句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth;enough to do sth; too .to; Only to do st成示不定式 出乎意料的结果.

55、I m not so stupid as to write it down.=h not such a fool as to write it down. He is clever enough to be fit for the job.Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone. He died, leaving only debtSt词表示自然而然的结果Im too tired to stay up longer.注意：only tooto结构中,并非是太.而不能.之意,而表示非常.这样搭配的形 容词有:p

56、leased, ready, willing, glad, happf.Im only too glad to have passed the exOm及格了, 我非常快乐.Im too willing to help you.3. 不定式作原因状语当这些形容词 light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant,dangerous impossible, interesting nice出现时要用主动表被动.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to und

57、erstand.二分词做状语分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等,为了强调,可以与 while, when, once, if , unless连词连用.(not)V+ing表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系V+ed表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系(not) having done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前(not)having been don敏示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前1. When(offer) help, one often sayShank you or Its kind of you.2. (Separate)