初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

1、初中英语定语从句讲解及练习一. 定语从句及相关术语1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 where, when, why 等.关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分.二. 关系代词引导的定语从句1. wh.指人在从句中做主语(1) the boys who are playing football are from class one.(2

2、) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略.(1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see.注意：关系代词 whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略.(3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省

3、略(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时,相当于 who或者whom；指物时,相当于 which.在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语 时可省略.(5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning

4、?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) do you like the book wh

5、ose cover is yellow?(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) the school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you ask

6、ed for.(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如： look for, look after, take care of等(1) this i

7、s the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)2.假设介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用 whom ,不可用who或者that；指物时用which ,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)(2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f)(3) the plane in which we f

8、lew to canada is very comfortable. (t)(4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f)3. 介词+关系代词前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some of w

9、hich have gone bad.(3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.解答介词+关系代词类型的定语从句题时,关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用.这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形,并要灵活运用.例如：in the dark street, there wasn't a single person she could turn for help.a. that b. who c. f

10、rom whom d. to whom简析:此题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语turn to sb. for help (向某人求助).所以,d是正确 选项.四. 关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语(1) i still remember the day when i first came to the school.(2) the time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语(1) shanghai is the city where i was born.(2) th

11、e house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语(1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) i don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词引导的从句替换(1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) from t

12、he year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) great changes have taken place in the city in which/where i was born.关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如：there are occasions when (on which) one must yi

13、eld. 任何人都有不得不屈月艮的时候.beijing is the place where (in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地.is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗五. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：(1) the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i could depend on.(2) china is a country which has a long hist

14、ory.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) china, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学.(他还有其他的哥哥)(2) his brother, who is now a docto

15、r, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学.(他只有一个哥哥)难点分析(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1 .领先行词是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等代词时, 或者是 由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时(1) have you taken down everything that mr. li has said?(2

16、) there seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) all that can be done has been done.(4) there is little that i can do for you.注意：领先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(4) any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2. 领先行词被序数词修饰(1) the first place that they visited in london

17、 was the big ben.3. 领先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) this is the best film that i have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时(1) this is the very dictionary that i want to buy,(2) after the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.领先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用 who(3) wang hua is the only person in our school wh

18、o will attend the meeting/5. 领先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) who is the man that is standing there?(2) which is the t-shirt that fits me most?6. 领先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时(1) can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处.具体情况是：1. as和which都可

19、以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子.(1) he married her, as/which was natural.(2) he was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后.另外, as有 正如,正像的意思(1) as is known to all, china is a developing country.(2) he is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)

20、 john, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) he has been to paris more than several times, which i don't believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用 which(5) tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 领先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用 as(1) i have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) he is no

21、t such a fool as he looks.(3) this is the same book as i lost last week.注意：领先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding.她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子.(5) she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子.(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that弓I导,而且通常可以省略 (1) the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 (1) there are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系(1) the p