概要写作答题技巧指导

1、概要写作答题技巧指导摘要:stilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist（免疫encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter（后者）positionisgainingso

2、meground.【解题过程展示,early16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,2,ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.关健词汇means（手段;方法）,blockout（挡住）;alongtime;inEurope,（三）选用恰当的衔接词,把带段要点串连成篇Onepossibleversion:Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin

3、.（要点1）Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountriesbelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingiH.（要点2）However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Itsbelievedthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（要点3）However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmaybenefitourimmunes

4、ystem.（要点4）（73词）概要写作答题技巧指导概要写作是一种阅读+写作的复合型任务，测试学生的阅读理解、概括归纳和书面表达方面的综合能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，一般以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要(注意：少于40或多于80词扣两分)，而新写的语篇，既要做到在结构、衔接和连贯性等方面与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。一概要写作的步骤：(-)细读每段文章，画主题句，圉关键词，辨别主次信息在阅读原文时，首先找到该段的主题句或中心句，并圜出重点信息词汇，分清主要信息和次要信息，把修饰成分、细节内容、举例说明等次要信息删

5、掉。(-)用自己的语言，写出该段要点概要写作要求学生用自己的语言准确地转述作者的要点,因此，不要整句抄原文，可以采用以下表达方式：1.替换法：同义词替换；单词替换短语；短语替换句子等2.转换法：词性转换；句式转换；语态转换等3.合并法：把几个信息合并在一个句子中表达；将原文多个简单句整合成一个句子等(三)选用恰当的衔接词，把每段要点串连成篇概要写作要求学生有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要逻辑连贯，衔接自然，结构紧凑。常用的衔接词有：表递进关系besides,moreoverfurthermorefinaddition,whatsmore,whatsworse,worsestill表因

6、果关系thereforethus,consequently,dueto,owingto,thanksto4折关系however,otherwise,anyway/anyhow,although,eventhough表对比关系similarly,instead,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand表时间顺序关系eventually,finally,gradually#immediately,afterwardsmeanwhile/meantime,inthemeanwhile/meantime表总结关系inaword,inshort,inconclusion,inbrief,

7、insummary,ingeneraltosumup,onthewhole表tW感关系luckily,unfortunately,toonesgreatjoy/satisfaction/surprise二,概要写作的注意事项：(-)准确性：对原文信息理解准确，不能舌后（-）完整性：概要是原文的浓缩,涵盖全部要点，不能遗漏（三）概括性：语言精练，概括要点，不能超字数（四）客观性：忠于原文，不能加自己的观点（以第三人称或无人称来概括）三.概要写作解题技巧展示:试题来源：（新高考考试说明样题）Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing

8、.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesin

9、hiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthattoavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit（好处）ofdirtwasl

10、ong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarILAdvertisementsrepeatedlysellt

11、heidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanim

12、munologist（免疫学家encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatte（后者）positionisgainingsomeground.【解题过程展示】（-）细读每段文章，画主题句，圈关键词,辨别主次信息。（-）用自己的语言，列出该段要点。第一段主题句thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.关键词汇fixed确定的;不变的替换部分nothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt可换为mixedopinionstowardsdirt该段要

13、点合并整理要点为：Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.第二段句1.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,2.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.关键词汇means（手段;方法）,blockout（挡住）;alongtime;inEurope替换部分1.dirtontheskinwasameanstoblockou

14、tdisease可换为dirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill2.Thusbeganalongtime可换为Foralongtimeinhistory该段要点合并整理要点为：Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountriesbelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill第三段主题句1.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit（好处）ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighborevers

15、incethe18thcentury.2.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.关键词汇nolongerbeenregardedas;cleaningawaydirt替换部分1.dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighbor可换为peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirt2.eversincethe18thcentury可换为about200yearsago3.cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth可换为washingdirtof

16、fourbodycankeepushealthy该段要点合并整理要点为：Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Itsbelievedthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy第四段句Onthecontrary,MaryRuebushzanAmericanimmunologist（免疫学家），encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.关键i司汇encourages;buildupastrongimmun

17、esystem替换部分1.playinthedirt可换为exposuretosomedirt2.buildupastrongimmunesystem可换为benefitourimmunesystem该段要点合并整理要点为：somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmaybenefitourimmunesystem.（三）选用恰当的衔接词，把每段要点串连成篇Onepossibleversion:Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.（要点1）Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleof

18、someEuropeancountriesbelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.（要点2）However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Itsbelievedthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（要点3）However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmaybenefitourimmunesystem.（要点4）（73词）附：概要写作题型的评分原则1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。档次描述第五档（21-25）1.理解准确,涵盖全部要点2.能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要