2018版专题限时集训14阅读七选五——说明文Ⅲ

1、专题限时集训（十四）阅读七选五一一说明文（田）（对应学生用书第117页）A A【导学号：52384062（2017长春市质监一）Areyouhavingtroubleconcentratingwhenyourereadingabookorlisteningtoalecture?Thislistofactivitiesmighthelptoimproveyourstudyhabits.Makealist.Weoftenhavetroublepayingattentiontoonethingbecauseourbrainwantstothinkaboutsomethingelse.1Youdont

2、worryaboutwhateverelseyoushouldbedoing.Sleepmore.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhosleepfewerthaneighthoursanightforaperiodoftimehaveslowerresponsesystemsandmoredifficultyrecallinginformation.2Eathealthierfoods.Manypeopleenjoyfoodshighinfatsandsugars.3Theymightgiveyouatemporaryburstofenergy.Howeverthatenergyi

3、ssoonfollowedbyacrash.Reducescreentime.Thismaybethemostunpopularsuggestionamongyoungpeople.Screentimetimespentlookingatcellphones,televisions,computerscreenshasacleareffectontheattentionspan.45Concentrationimprovesforstudentswhoparticipateinteamsports.Itcouldbethatbeingactiveishelpfulinthisway.Parti

4、cipatinginasporttrainsyourbraintoconcentrateonspecifictasksandshutoutotherthoughts.A.Beactive.B.Practicemore.C.Thesefoodscanprovideenoughenergyforfocusing.D.Butthesefoodscantbehelpfulenoughwhenitcomestofocusing.E.Thatisbadnewsforteenswhostayupstudyingthenightbeforeatest.F.Researchersadviseparentstol

5、imititwhentheirchildrenneedtobefocused.G.Bywritingdownallthethingsyouneedtodo,youllgainasenseofcontrol.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几种提高注意力的方法。1.G G根据本段的主题句“列清单”以及空后的Youdontworryaboutwhateverelseyoushouldbedoing.可知，选G项。2.E E根据本段的主题句Sleepmore.和空前一句的内容可知，选E项。3.D D下文的thatenergyissoonfollowedbyacrash”与D项中的Cantbehe

6、lpfulenough”相对应,故答案为D。4.F F本段的主题句Reducescreentime:与选项F中的limitit”对应，故答案为Fo5.A A空处为本段的主题句，由下文的Itcouldbethatbeingactiveishelpfulinthisway.可知,答案为A。B B（ 2017广 州 市 综 合 测 试 一） Weveallexperiencedpeerpressure同 伴 压力） .Ithappenstoeverybody.However,peoplehavedifferentreactions.Confidentpeoplerefusetodothingsthe

7、ydontwanttodo,butshyandanxiouspeopleoftengivein.Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem,orperhapstheyrejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew.6Itshardbeingtheonlyonewhosaysnoandthequestionishowdoyoudoit?7一Ifyouthinkthatmissingmaths,orsmoking,orgoingsomewh

8、ereyouknowyourparentswouldntlikeisabadideathentheanswerissimple：dontdoit.Itsyourdecision,nobodyelses.Youdontneedtobeaggressive.Youdontneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,No,thanks.Idontwanttodothat：Beingonyourownagainsteverybodyelseisveryhard,soitcanreallyhelptoha

9、veatleastoneotherpee$orfriend,whowillsaynotoo.8Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyoureintrouble.Youdontwantpeoplewhowillalwaysagreewiththemajority.Remember,themostpopularpeoplearentalwaysthemosttrustworthy.9Youcanlearnalotfrompeopleofyourownage.Theycanteachyougreatfootballskillsorthebestwaytodoyour

10、mathshomework.Theycanrecommendmusicandadviseyouonfashion.Anddontforgetyoucantellthemthingstoo,andthatalwaysfeelsgreat.So,findfriendswhohavesimilarinterests.Andremember,friendshipisntaboutfeelingdepressedandguilty.10A.Chooseyourfriendscarefully.B.Firstly,youmustdecidewhatyoubelievein.C.Itsaboutsharin

11、gexperienceandhavingfun.D.Ofcourse,peerpressureisntcompletelybad.E.Itmaybebecausetheywereallborntobestubborn.F.Depressionandguiltwillsurelygiveyoupeerpressure.G.Whateverthereason,somepeopleendupdoingthingstheyreallydontwanttodo.【语篇解读】自信的人通常选择拒绝做不乐意做的事情，而害羞和焦虑的人通常会选择接受。本文介绍了如何学会拒绝并解释了如何从来自同伴的压力中学习。6.

12、G G根据空前两句“Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem,orperhapstheyrejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew:可知，那些害羞和焦虑的人做他们不想做的事情可能是为了让别人喜欢自己， 也可能担心他们的朋友会取笑他们，或者仅是尝试新事物。结合空处所在的位置可以判断，空处承上启下，说明不管是何种原因，这些人选择了做他们不想做的事情，故G项符合文意。7.B B根据该段最后两句“Youdontneedtoshoutand

13、screambutyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.YouneedtosayNo,thanks.Idontwanttodothat.可知，对于如何拒绝，你无需叫喊，但是要自信和坚定；据此可知，空处表示要确定你相信的东西，故B项符合文意。8.A A根据空后一句Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyoureintrouble.”可知，你需要在你困难时会支持你的朋友；据此可以判断，空处介绍的是“要慎重选择朋友”，故A项与此处匹配。9.D D根据空后的Youcanlearnalotfrompeopleofyourownage.The

14、ycanteachyougreatfootballskillsorthebestwaytodoyourmathshomework.可知，你可以从同龄人那里学习很多，他们能教会你很多知识；据此可以判断，来自同伴的压力并非完全是坏事，故D项符合文意。10. C C根据空前句”Andremember,friendshipisntaboutfeelingdepressedandguilty.”可知，友谊并非是内疚和沮丧；据此可以判断，空处陈述友谊的真谛，故C项符合文意。C C（2017武汉市调研测试）HowtoruninternationalmeetingsHowtoruninternationalm

15、eetingsAsmoreofusdobusinessacrosscultures,itsbesttoprepareaheadoftimebeforeheadingtothemeetingtable.Herearefourrulesfordifferentcountries.SticktothescheduleSticktothescheduleWhere：Germany,Austria,JapanWeveallbeentomeetingsthathavealooseagendafanyatall.Theydontstartontimeandtheyseemtorepeat.11Japanes

16、earemorelikelytocreateadetailedagendaandpassoutsupportingdocumentsseveraldaysbeforeameeting.12MeetingsthatrunlonginGermanyareoftentakentomeanthatthepartiesarenotcommunicatingefficiently.13Where：China,Malaysia,SingaporeDebatingatopiccangoagainstthetraditionalChineseconceptofsavingface”,whichmeansavoi

17、dinganymistakesoractionsthatcouldbringembarrassment.Laughingatevenanobviouslyamusinganswerorpointingoutapotentialmistakecanspoiltheentiremeeting.EnjoytheinterruptionsEnjoytheinterruptionsWhere：Italy,France,SpainWhenPascalSobollmeetswithclientsinItalyorSpainhesnolongeroffendediftheyleaveearlyorarrive

18、late.Ratherthanattendtheentirethreehourmeeting,hehaslearnedthathiscolleaguesthere-andinsomepartsofFranceattendbasedontheirowntimetable.14Ratherthanexpectpeopletositthroughhisentirepresentation,hemakesiteasierforthemtoturnupasneeded.PleasenosmalltalkPleasenosmalltalkWhere：Finland,SwedenInplaceslikeFi

19、nlandandSweden,wherenon-meetingrelateddiscussionslikechatabouttheweathercanberegardedasawaytobeoffaformally-setagendaandasawasteofotherpeoplestime.InsomecountriesincludingFinland,therearelongpausesintheconversation.15Thesebreaksareusedasawaytoprocesswhattheotherpersonissayingwithoutinterrupting.A.No

20、tsointhesecountries.B.GermansandAustriansaresimilar.C.Donteventhinkaboutabrainstorm.D.Theresoftennowaytotellhowthingsaregoing.E.Donttrytofillthem,though,withsmalltalkoranythingelse.F.Whatdothelongsilences,idlechit-chatandseriousfacesreallymeanincontext?G.ForSoboll,thatmeanschanginghisownGermanbasede

21、xpectationsofclientbehaviour.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在不同国家如何成功地召开会议。11.A A空处前两句介绍了常见的会议情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复；结合空后的Japanesearemorelikelytocreateadetailedagendaandpassoutsupportingdocumentsseveraldaysbeforeameetirn到知，日本人注意会议的细节，并在数天前就做好准备。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明并非所有的国家在开会时都会出现上述的情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复。故A项正确。12.B B根

22、据该部分中的“where：Germany,Austria,Japad可知，该部分主要介绍德国、奥地利和日本的开会习惯；空前一句已经介绍了日本的情况，结合空后一句MeetingsthatrunlonginGermanyareoften.efficiently.”可知，空处及下一句介绍彳惠国和奥地利的开会习惯，故B项正确。13.C C根据空处位置可知，空处为该部分标题，是该部分的主旨；通读该部分可知，该部分第一句介绍了在中国开会应当认真讨论，以防发生尴尬，第二句介绍在开会时不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潜在的错误；据此可知，该部分主要介绍要严肃认真地讨论会议议题，就事论事，不需要在开会前有什么“头脑风暴

23、”，故C项正确。14.G G根据上文中的WhenPascalSoboll.和Ratherthan.attendbasedontheirowntimetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法国人和西班牙人开会很随意，G项中的Soboll”与该处相对应，故G项正确。15.E E根据该部分标题“PleasenosmalltalkPleasenosmalltalk”和空前的therearelongpausesintheconversation可知，选E项，E项中的them”与10ngpaused对应。D D【导学号：52384063（2017广东省七校联合体第二次联考）Itisnecessaryt

24、obereasonableandflexibleenoughtoavoidconflictsasmuchaspossibleandliveinpeacewithothers.16.Ifyouhavedoneallyourbesttoavoidconflictsandyouarestillarguing,thenreadtheseeffectivetipsonhowtoavoidconflicts.Dontgetinthecenteroftheconflict.Dontgetinthecenteroftheconflict.Sometimespeoplecangetinthecenterofco

25、nflictsduetotheirenthusiasmforofferinghelp.Franklyspeaking,itisveryunwise,becauseitcanmakeyouthemainfigureoftheconflict.17Youshouldfocusonyourownlifeissues.Bekind.Bekind.18Lifeisfullofconflictsanddisagreements,andthatswhyyoushouldfindmoreconservativewaysofdealingwiththem.Forexample,kindnesscanlessen

26、theconflict.Trytobeapeacekeeper.Trytobeapeacekeeper.Peacekeeperstendtocooperatewithpeoplewithoutbademotionswhichusuallyleadtoargumentsandevenconflicts.“19Thissayingisthelifemottoofanatural-bornpeacekeeper.Dontworryifyouarenotanaturalbornpeacekeeperyoucangainthisskillduringlife.Walkoff.Walkoff.Whenth

27、econflictisgatheringpaceandyoucantmanagetocontrolyourself,youshouldchoosetohandlethesituationinanotherway.Byallmeans,trytokeepyourselfawayfromstress.20Youshouldgetawayfromthesituationforawhile.A.Thegreatestvictoryisabattlenotfight.B.Conflictsareunavoidable,sotrytoacceptthem.C.Weakpeopleusuallydesire

28、otherstoofferhelpandsupport.D.Letotherpeoplesolvetheirproblemswithoutyourpresence.E.Itishelpfultoputsomedistancebetweenyourselfandtheopponent.F.Whensomeonepushesyoutothelimit,trytoactkindlytowardsthisperson.G.Arguingcaneitherbreakyourfriendshiporaffectyourrelationshiptosomedegree.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几

29、种有效避免冲突的建议。16.G G根据空前旬ItisnecessarytobereasonableandflexibleenoughtoavoidconflictsasmuchaspossibleandliveinpeacewithotherS可知,尽量避免冲突是十分有必要的；据此可以判断，空处承上启下，介绍冲突的严重危害，引出文章主题，故G项正确。17.D D根据空后一句Youshouldfocusonyourownlifeissues：可知，作者建议把注意力集中在自己的事情上；据此可以判断，空处建议“让其他人自己解决他们自己的问题”，故D项符合文意。18.F F根据该段标题Bekind.B

30、ekind.”可知，该段主要阐述“善待人”的建议，这与F项中的trytoactkindlytowardsthisperson”照应，故F项符合文意。19.A A根据空后句Thissayingisthelifemottoofanatural-bornpeacekeeper：,可以判断，空处是调解人的一句格言。A项意为“最伟大的胜利是一场战争而不是争斗”，符合文意，故A项正确。20.E E根据空前一句“Byallmeans,trytokeepyourselfawayfromstress：可知，这里作者建议要远离冲突，离开对手；据此可知E项符合文意。E E（2017福州市五校第一次联考）Aswarm

31、ingcontinues,scientistswarntheoxygencontentofoceansacrosstheplanetcouldbemoreandmorereduced,withseriousconsequencesforthefutureoffishandothersealife.21Oneisthesimplefactthataswatergetswarmer,itcanholdlessdissolved（溶角单的）oxygen.Theotherreasonislessobvious.Theentireoceangetsitsoxygenfromthesurfaceeithe

32、rfromtheatmosphereorfromphotosynthesizingalgaefloatingatthetopofthesea.22Globalwarmingisexpectedtoreducethemixingoftheoceanbymakingsurfaceseawaterlighter.Thatsbecauseinawarmerworldwecanexpectmorerainfallandmoremelting（融化）ofglaciers,icebergs,andicesheets.23Theextraheatfromthewarmingatmospherewillalso

33、makesurfacewaterexpandandthusmakeitlighterstill.24Instead,moreoftheoxygenwillremainnearthesurfacewhereitwillbeusedupbyoxygen-breathingorganisms.Alow-oxygenoceanmaybecomeaninescapablefeatureofourplanet.AteamofDanishresearcherswonderedhowlongoxygenlevelswoulddropifwecouldsomehowreduceourcarbondioxideemissionstozeroby2100.Theydeterminedthatoverthenextfewthousandyearsoxygenlevelswouldcontinuetofall,untiltheydeclinedby30percent.Theoxygenwouldslowlyreturntotheoceansbuteven100,000yearsfromnowtheywillnothavefullyrecovered.25A.Itsnotknownwhytheoxygenlevelofoceanshasreduced