飞行数据记录器和飞机状态监控系统(English)

1、1NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System 飞行数据记录器和飞行数据记录器和 飞机状态监控系统飞机状态监控系统Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System2NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recorder (FDR) is a

2、device which records information about the flight of the airplane. The data recorded on the Flight Data Recorder is used for accident investigations; the data may also be used for monitoring airplane systems. All transport aircraft above 5,700 kg must be fitted with a flight data recorder. The fligh

3、t recorder system will automatically record airplane airspeed, attitude, altitude, engine performance and other data from engine start-up to engine shut-down. Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)3NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Operation of the FDR mu

4、st be fully automatic and not require pilot switching. Most importantly, pilots are not able to turn the FDR off in flight or erase data after landing, to ensure data that may be relevant to an accident or incident is protected for use by accident investigation officers. Flight Data Recording &

5、Airplane Condition Monitoring System)4NBAA 20035NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Recorder System On Model 737,757,and 767 airplanes the flight recording system consists of a Flight Data Recorder, Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU), accelerometer and a control panel.Flight

6、Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Figure 4.1Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer6NBAA 20037NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisi

7、tion unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer The purpose of flight data recorder is to record the data passed to it by the FDAU. A flight data recorder will record twenty-five hours of data on a continuous tape. To protect the tape in the event of an accident, the recorder is housed in a sealed fire a

8、nd impact resistant container.8NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer The FDR is normally located in a part of the airframe that is likely to suffer

9、 least in the event of an impact. Consequently, they are normally Digital Flight Data Recorders (DFDR) are fitted to many modern transport aircraft, and have the capacity to record as many as 300 parameters, including control positions and systems performance. installed in the tail or roof of the ai

10、rcraft.9NBAA 200310NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer An under water locator beacon, which emits an ultrasonic signal when immersed in water, is

11、 attached to the front of the FDR. The beacon is turned on automatically when immersed in water, to assist in locating the recorder The FDAU gathers data from the airplanes systems. Data sent from the FDAU to the FDR is recorded on magnetic tape. The data collected by the FDAU specifically for the F

12、DR are called mandatory data because they are required by FAR 121.343.when under water.11NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer On Model 737,757, an

13、d 767 airplanes the FDAU acquires airplane performance data for the Airplane Condition Monitoring System (ACMS). These data are for maintenance purpose. Airline personnel retrieve the ACMS data collected by the FDAU and use it to check the operation of airplane systems and engines. The e n g i n e d

14、 a t a i s p a r t i c u l a r l y u s e f u l f o r i d e n t i f y i n gengine performance trends.12NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China A triaxial accelerometer is an integral part of the flight recorder system. Accelerometer measure accelerations along the airplane lateral，Longitu

15、dinal，and vertical axes of the airplane and send them to theFlight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometerFDAU.13NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Cockpit controls for the FDR are limited to

16、 a warning light which illuminates in the event of FDR failure, and a test switch for use only on the ground. Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)2 23 428EVENTREPEATTRIP NUMBERDATAFLIGHT RECOEDERTESTNORMALOFFRECORDEDHOURSREMAININGFigure 4.214NBAA 200315NBAA 200316NBAA 20

17、0317NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Federal Airworthiness Regulation (FAR) 121.343 requires that 17 parameters are recorded by the FDR. The seventeen parameters currently required by the FAR are: Time Altitude Airspeed Vertical acceleration Heading Time of each radio transmission

18、 to or from Air Traffic Control Pitch attitude Roll attitude Longitudinal acceleration Control column or elevator position Pitch trim position Control wheel or aileron position Rudder pedal or rudder position Thrust of each engine Position of each thrust reverser Trailing edge flap or flap handle co

19、ntrol position Leading edge flap or flap handle control positionFlight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)18NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China The October 1991, amendment to FAR 121.343 will require that parameters in addition to the seventeen listed above are

20、 recorded. The additionally required parameters are: Ground spoiler position or speed brake selection Marker beacon passage Autopilot engagement Lateral acceleration Glideslope deviation Localizer deviation Automatic flight control system modes and engagement status Radio altitude Master warning Mai

21、n gear squat switch status Angle of attack Outside air temperature Hydraulic system low pressure GroundspeedFlight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)19NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China FAR 124.343 goes on to recommend that additional parameters are recorded

22、if r e c o r d i n g c a p a c i t y i s a v a i l a b l e . T h e s e p a r a m e t e r s a r e: Drift angle Wind speed and direction Latitude and longitude Brake pressure/brake pedal position Engine parameters Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) N1 compressor N2 compressor Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) Th

23、rust lever position Fuel Flow Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Traffic advisory Resolution advisory Sensitivity level (as selected by the crew) Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) Landing gear or landing gear selector position DME 1 and DME 2 distance Navigation 1 and navigation2 radio f

24、requency selectionFlight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)20NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Figure 4.3Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring SystemPrinterACARSmanagementunitVHFcommunicationstranseive

25、rVHFantennaMultifunctioncontroldisplayunitQuickaccessrecorderFlightdatarecorderFlightdataacquisitionunit The FDAU collects ACMS data from the airplanes sensors . 21NBAA 200322NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane

26、 Condition Monitoring System Engines Flight controls Pneumatic System Flaps and slats Auto flight control equipment Navigation equipment Communication equipment Air conditioning and pressurization controls Auxiliary Power Unit Warning and Caution SystemThe FDAU may be connected, for example, to:23NB

27、AA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring System Sensor data received by the FDAU input circuitry is checked to ensure that it is good data. After processing, the data is sent to the output circuit

28、ry which willsend the data electronically to the flight recorder.PrinterACARSmanagementunitVHFcommunicationstranseiverVHFantennaMultifunctioncontroldisplayunitQuickaccessrecorderFlightdatarecorderFlightdataacquisitionunitFigure 4.324NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Figure 4.3Fligh

29、t Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring SystemPrinterACARSmanagementunitVHFcommunicationstranseiverVHFantennaMultifunctioncontroldisplayunitQuickaccessrecorderFlightdatarecorderFlightdataacquisitionunit ACMS data, which contains some of the same data

30、 as sent to the flight The data storage device may be a disk drive installed in the FDAU itself or a Quick Access Recorder (QAR). A QAR is a tape recorder similar to a flightrecorder data, is sent to a data storage device.recorder but without the crash protection features.25NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring System Some FDAUs can store the data in memory