英语应用能力考试英语三级A考试语法

1、英语三级历年考试真题汇总语法：感叹句结构感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What +名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a cleve

2、r boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感叹句的省略形式为：What a clever boy (he is)!典型例题1）_ food you've cooked! A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How niceD. What nice答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)2）_terribl

3、e weather we've been having these days!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。3) - _ I had!- You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What timeC. How a timeD. how time答案A.感叹句分两类：1：What + n.+主谓部分 2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但

4、省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。语法：祈使句结构祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1） 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 Take this seat.Do be careful.否定结构：Don't move.Don't be late.2） 第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句a. Let's 包括说话者Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?= Shall we hav

5、e another try?b.Let us 不包括说话者Let us have another try，will you / won't you?= Will you please let us have another try?否定结构：Let's not talk of that matter.Let us not talk of that matter. 英语三级语法：分词分词作定语分词前置We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如gi

6、ven, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等)There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given.这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Af

7、rica. 典型例题 1) The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written 2）What's the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak答

8、案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：What's the language (which is) spoken in German?英语三级语法：动名词动名词作主语、宾语和表语1）作主语Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadmit 承认appreciate 感激

9、,赞赏avoid 避免complete 完成consider 认为delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱prevent阻止fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone 推迟practise 训练recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗resume 继续risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续举例：(1)Would you mind turning down you

10、r radio a little, please? (2)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.b. 词组后接doing admit toprefertobe used tolead todevote oneself toobject tostick tobusylook forward to(to为介词）no good,no use,It's worth,as well as, can't help,It's no use /goodbe tired of be fond ofbe capabl

11、e ofbe afraid ofbe proud ofthink of / abouthold offput offkeep oninsist oncount on / upon set aboutbe successful ingood attake upgive upburst outprevent from3）作表语Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.英语三级语法：动词1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Lin

12、k Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。）He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。（has是助动词。）3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又

13、能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）4） 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）She wants to learn English well.她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词

14、不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.学生们学会查字典。（look

15、up是短语动词。）The young ought to take care of the old.年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。语法：形容词和副词形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性

16、质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid.这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名

17、词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice语法：冠词和数词不定冠词的用法冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作e，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做en。1) 表示"一个&q

18、uot;，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2) 代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 词组或成语。a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / ha

19、ve a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden语法：句子的种类（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：a.一般疑问句（General Questions）：Can you f

20、inish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）：Where do you live?你住那儿？How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：He doesn't know her, does he?他不认识她，对不对？3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如

21、：Sit down, please.请坐。Don't be nervous!别紧张！4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：What good news it is!多好的消息啊！（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。(主)(谓)2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如

22、：The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主)(谓)(主)(谓)食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。3） 复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.主句从句我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。（三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1）主 + 动（SV）例如：I work.我工作。

23、2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.她学英语。4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。语法：被动形式表示主动意义be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (f

24、or), be occupied (in), get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.考试大_大学英语三级考试大学英语三级考试语法一、 非谓语动词近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%，平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？下面我和大家就一起来

25、分析一下：1、非谓语动词考查特点1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：All things _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceledC. were canceled D. having been canceled四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。2)

26、谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是三级语法测试中的一个题眼。如： I don't mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying makingC. your delaying to make D. you delay to make Had I remembered _ the windows, the thief would not have got in. A. to close B. closing C. to hav

27、e closed D. having closed Your hair wants _ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut 这类题涉及三个方面：谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词？即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别？不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式？3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如： The project _ by the en

28、d of 2000, will expand the city'stelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A. accomplished B. being accomplishedC. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _. A. to correct B. correcting C.

29、 having been corrected D. being corrected同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断题答案为C，题答案为D。(2)对固定结构的考查，如： The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory. A. to be based on B. to base onC. which to base on D. on which to base The pressure _ causes Americans to be e

30、nergetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A. to compete B. competing C. to be competed D. having competed题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如： _ the ear

31、th to be flat, many feared that Columbus wouldfall off the edge of the earth. A. Having believed B. BelievingC. Believed D. Being Believed _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree. A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming Realizing that he hadn&

32、#39;t enough money and _ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not _ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles. A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed 从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：(1)状语类别的判断不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不

33、同，目的状语要求用不定式，如。(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。(3)非谓语动词的否定形式not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如。(4) 独立成分有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如:generally speaking, judging from., to tell the truth., 等。5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如： They are going to ha

34、ve the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territorydispute _. A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled You will see this product _ wherever you go. A

35、. to be advertised B. advertisedC. advertise D. advertising His remarks left me _ about his real purpose. A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating The

36、 sale usually takes place outside the house, with theaudience _ on benches, chairs or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated考查涉及到感官动词后的宾语补足语，如。have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。regard类后面的宾语补足语with独立分句后面的常用动词后面的宾语补足语。6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不

37、定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如： The house was very quiet, _ as it was on the side of themountain. A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them. A. unrecorded B. to be unrecordedC.

38、unrecording D. to have been unrecorded分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，三级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如： I have no objection _ your story again. A. to hear B. to hearingC. to having heard D. to have heard The traditional app

39、roach _ with complex problems is to breakdown into smaller, more easily managed problems. A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the managerof the company. (1997.6)A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选

40、项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如。8) 分词前连词的使用分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _. A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。(2

41、)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent ofpatient do not take drugs _ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。9) 非谓语动词的体非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done, having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。动名词的体也有having done, having

42、been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如： The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the managerof the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having toldhaving told在句中做介词宾语，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I'd rather re

43、ad than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time. A. to get worse B. to be getting worseC. to have got worse D. getting worse从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。 The speech _ a lively discussion started. A. being delivered B. was deliveredC. be delivered D. having been delivere

44、d该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。强调 1 It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was necessary to say.2. 强调句型It is not who rules us that is important， but how he rules us3. "All 抽象名词"或"抽象名词 itself"(very 形容词)He was all gentleness to her.4. 利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a cri

45、me a crime.5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为&

46、quot;算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。"6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。Those pigs of girls eat so much.7. asascan(

47、may)beIt is as plain as plain can be.8. "It is in(with)as in(with)"It is in life as in a journey.9. "as good as"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy， that he would adopt him.10."many as wellas"和"might as well as" "many as w

48、ellas"可译为"与其，不如，更好"，"以这样做为宜"，"如同，也可以"等等。"might as well as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如"，"可与一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.11."to makeof"的译法(使成为，把当作)I will make a scientist of m

49、y son.12. oo 不定式"，not(never)too 不定式"，"toonot 不定式She is too angry to speak13. only(not， all， but， never) too to do so "和"too ready (apt) to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后 "tooto，"不定式都失去了否定意义在"too ready(apt)to do"结构中，不定

50、式也没有否定意义。You know but too yell to hold your tongue.14. "no more than"句型A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man15. "not so muchas"和"not so much as "结构，"not so muchas"="not so much as "，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为："与其

51、说是毋须说是"。而"not so much as"="without(not)even，"可译为"甚至还没有"。The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .16. "Nothing is morethan"和"Nothing is so as"结构，"Nothing is morethan"和"Nothing is so as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"Nothing

52、I"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有比更为"，"像再没有了"，"最"等。Nothing is more precious than time.17. "cannottoo"结构，"cannottoo"意为"It is impossi

53、ble to overdo"或者，即"无论怎样也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等You cannot be too careful.18. "否定 but "结构在否定词后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not&quo

54、t;，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有不是"或"都"等Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse. 19. "否定 until (till)"结构在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till"，多数情况下译为"直到才"，"

55、;要才"，把否定译为肯定。 Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.20. "not sobut"和"not such a but"结构，这两个结构和"否定 but"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"thatnot"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有到不能做的程度"，"并不是不"，"无论怎样也不是不能"等。He is not so sick but he can come to school.21