高三化学一轮复习 专题2 第1单元 氧化还原反应课件 苏教版 (301)

1、十、名词性从句十、名词性从句语法精讲语法精讲考点一引导名词性从句的连接词考点一引导名词性从句的连接词1.1.连接代词连接代词who,whose,whom,what,whichwho,whose,whom,what,which及及wh-everwh-ever等等它们有词义它们有词义, ,在从句中作成分。在从句中作成分。what/whateverwhat/whatever指物指物, ,作主语、宾语、作主语、宾语、 定语、表语定语、表语;who/whoever;who/whoever指人指人, ,在从句中作主语、宾语在从句中作主语、宾语;whom/whomever;whom/whomever指人指人

2、, ,在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语;whose;whose在从句中作定语在从句中作定语;which/whichever;which/whichever指人或指人或物物, ,在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。带在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。带-ever-ever的连接词意义上有的连接词意义上有“任任何何”之意。之意。What I want to know is this.What I want to know is this.我想知道的就这点。我想知道的就这点。You can buy whatever you need in the shop.You can buy whatever you need

3、in the shop.在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。特别提示特别提示 whoever,whatever,whichever.whoever,whatever,whichever.的作用等同于的作用等同于who,what,who,what,which.,which.,但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时, ,不能用不能用no no matter+who/what/which.matter+who/what/which.代替。代替。2.2.连接副词连接副词when,where,why,howwhen,where,why

4、,how等等它们有词义它们有词义, ,在句中作状语。在句中作状语。whenwhen表时间表时间,why,why表原因表原因,where,where表地点表地点,how,how表表方式、程度。方式、程度。This is why I came here.This is why I came here.这是我来这儿的原因。这是我来这儿的原因。I have no idea where he went.I have no idea where he went.我不知道他去了哪里。我不知道他去了哪里。I dont know when I will see her again.I dont know whe

5、n I will see her again.我不知道何时才能再见到她。我不知道何时才能再见到她。He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。3.3.从属连词从属连词that,whether,ifthat,whether,if(1)that(1)that无词义无词义, ,在从句中不充当任何成分在从句中不充当任何成分, ,只起连接作用。引导宾语从只起连接作用。引导宾语

6、从 句时可省略句时可省略, ,引导其他名词性从句时不能省略。引导其他名词性从句时不能省略。 I heard (that) he won the first prize.I heard (that) he won the first prize. 我听说他得了一等奖。我听说他得了一等奖。 My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter. this matter. 我的建议是讨论一下这件事。我

7、的建议是讨论一下这件事。 She expressed the hope that she would come to China one She expressed the hope that she would come to China one day. day.她表达了有一天要来中国的愿望。她表达了有一天要来中国的愿望。(2)whether(2)whether和和ifif表示表示“是否是否”, ,但在从句中只起连接作用但在从句中只起连接作用, ,不作句子成不作句子成 分。除在宾语从句中常可互换外分。除在宾语从句中常可互换外, ,主语从句、同位语从句、表语从主语从句、同位语从句、表语从 句

8、一般由句一般由whetherwhether连接。连接。 Whether they would support us was a problem.Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。4.as if/as though 4.as if/as though 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句as if/as though as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在引导的表语从句常跟在be be 动词动词,seem,look,taste,seem,look,taste,sound,fe

9、el,appear sound,feel,appear 等动词之后。从句可以用陈述语气等动词之后。从句可以用陈述语气, ,也可以用虚拟也可以用虚拟语气。语气。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.black blanket had been thrown over it.浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的

10、上面。浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。5.because,why 5.because,why 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句because,why because,why 也可引导表语从句也可引导表语从句, ,但但because because 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句, ,主语不能主语不能是是reason reason 或或cause (cause (该结构常用该结构常用that that 引导引导) )。常用于以下句型常用于以下句型: :This/That is/was why/This/That is/was because/The reason why i

11、s/was that这 那是的原因。这 那是因为的原因是China is developing fast.Thats why I think those of my China is developing fast.Thats why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.中国在飞速发展中国在飞速发展, ,这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应这就是我为什

12、么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。该访问中国。The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。考点二考点二that,whatthat,what引导的名词性从句的区别引导的名词性从句的区别 引导名词性从句时引导名词性从句时,that,that没有词义没有词义, ,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整在

13、从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整, ,不缺任何成分时不缺任何成分时, ,往往选用往往选用that;that;而而whatwhat引导名词性从句时引导名词性从句时, ,意为意为“什么什么”或或“的的”, ,在从句中用来作主语、表语、定语或宾语。在从句中用来作主语、表语、定语或宾语。It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(change

14、 his mind.(主语从句主语从句) )我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。The reason for her absence is that she has to take care of her sick The reason for her absence is that she has to take care of her sick mother.(mother.(表语从句表语从句) )她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。What was most important to her,she told me,wa

15、s her family.(What was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(主语从句主语从句; ;whatwhat在从句中作主语在从句中作主语) )她告诉我她告诉我, ,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。As a young man,he doesnt know what it takes to start a shop here.(As a young man,he doesnt know what it takes to start a shop here.(宾宾语从句语从句;what;what在从

16、句中作宾语在从句中作宾语) )作为一名年轻人作为一名年轻人, ,他不知道在这儿开商店需要什么。他不知道在这儿开商店需要什么。China is no longer what she used to be.(China is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句表语从句;what;what在从句中作表语在从句中作表语) )中中国不再是过去的样子了。国不再是过去的样子了。考点三宾语从句的否定转移考点三宾语从句的否定转移 主句主语是第一人称主句主语是第一人称, ,谓语为谓语为think,believe,suppose,expect,think,believe,supp

17、ose,expect,imagineimagine等时等时, ,宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中, ,即主句的谓语动词用否即主句的谓语动词用否定式定式, ,而从句谓语动词用肯定式。而从句谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think he will come by train.I dont think he will come by train.我认为他不会坐火车来。我认为他不会坐火车来。I dont suppose that we can win the game.I dont suppose that we can win the game.我认为我们赢不了这场比赛。我

18、认为我们赢不了这场比赛。真题链接真题链接1.Your support is important to our work.1.Your support is important to our work. you can doyou can do helps helps.(2016.(2016北京北京, ,单项填空单项填空)2.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is 2.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is oneone can be entirely free from dust can

19、 be entirely free from dust.(2016.(2016北京北京, ,单项填空单项填空)答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.Whatever1.Whatever考查主语从句。句意考查主语从句。句意: :你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你 能做的任何事情都有帮助。分析句子结构可知能做的任何事情都有帮助。分析句子结构可知,“,“you can you can do” do” 为主语从句为主语从句, ,该从句缺少宾语该从句缺少宾语, ,且表示且表示“任何事情任何事情”, ,故答案为故答案为 Whatever(Whatever(相当于相当于Anything t

20、hat)Anything that)。2.that2.that考查表语从句。句意考查表语从句。句意: :雨季最令人愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘雨季最令人愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘 的袭扰。的袭扰。“one can be entirely free from dust”one can be entirely free from dust”为表语为表语 从句从句, ,该从句中不缺少成分该从句中不缺少成分, ,意思完整意思完整, ,故用故用that that 引导该表语从句。引导该表语从句。3.The manager put forward a suggestion 3.The manager put f

21、orward a suggestion we should have we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016.(2016天津天津, ,单项填空单项填空)4.It is often the case 4.It is often the case anything is possible for those anything is possible for those who hang on to hope who hang on

22、 to hope.(2016.(2016江苏江苏, ,单项填空单项填空)5.The exhibition tells us 5.The exhibition tells us we should do something to we should do something to stop air pollution stop air pollution.(2015.(2015四川四川, ,单项填空单项填空)答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.that3.that考查同位语从句。句意考查同位语从句。句意: :经理提出了一个建议经理提出了一个建议我们应该雇个助手。我们应该雇个助手。 要做的工作太多了。分

23、析句子结构可知要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知,“,“ we should have an we should have an assistant” assistant” 为同位语从句为同位语从句, ,说明说明suggestion suggestion 的内容的内容, ,用用that that 引导该同位语引导该同位语 从句。从句。that that 只起连接作用只起连接作用, ,不作成分。不作成分。4.that4.that考查主语从句。句意考查主语从句。句意: :通常情况下通常情况下, ,对于那些心存希望的人对于那些心存希望的人, ,发生任何事发生任何事 情都是有可能的。本句中情都是有可能

24、的。本句中it it 为形式主语为形式主语,“,“ anything is possible anything is possible for those who hang on to hope” for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语为真正的主语; ;该从句结构完整该从句结构完整, ,故由故由 that that 引导。引导。5.why/that5.why/that考查宾语从句。句意考查宾语从句。句意: :这个展览告诉我们这个展览告诉我们( (为什么为什么) )我们应该做一些我们应该做一些 事情来阻止空气污染。分析句子结构可知事情来阻止空气污染。分析句子结构

25、可知,“,“ we should do we should do something to stop air pollution” something to stop air pollution” 为宾语从句为宾语从句, ,该从句可采用表原因的该从句可采用表原因的 why,why,也可用无实际意义的连接词也可用无实际意义的连接词thatthat。跟踪训练跟踪训练.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.You have to know1.You have to knowyoure going if you are to plan the youre going if you are to plan the

26、 best way of getting there. best way of getting there.2.I truly believe 2.I truly believe beauty comes from within.beauty comes from within.3.People who visited me used to ask me 3.People who visited me used to ask me I could I could sleep,“Doesnt the sound of the traffic bother you?How can sleep,“D

27、oesnt the sound of the traffic bother you?How can you get used to so much noise?” you get used to so much noise?”答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.where1.where考查宾语从句。考查宾语从句。You have to know You have to know 后面是一个宾语从句。句意后面是一个宾语从句。句意: :如果如果 你要计划好去那里的最佳方案你要计划好去那里的最佳方案, ,你必须知道你要去哪里。故用你必须知道你要去哪里。故用wherewhere引导宾语引导宾语 从句。从句。

28、2.that2.that考查宾语从句。句意考查宾语从句。句意: :我很相信美丽源自于内心。从句部分不缺少任何我很相信美丽源自于内心。从句部分不缺少任何 成分成分, ,因此用因此用thatthat连接连接, ,也可以省略。也可以省略。3.how3.how考查宾语从句。句意考查宾语从句。句意: :拜访过我的人曾问我是如何能睡觉的拜访过我的人曾问我是如何能睡觉的:“:“交通的声交通的声 音没有打扰到你吗音没有打扰到你吗? ?你是如何适应如此多的噪音的你是如何适应如此多的噪音的?”?”分析句子结构可知分析句子结构可知, ,所所 填词引导填词引导ask ask 的宾语从句的宾语从句, ,且根据句意可知此

29、处需要表示且根据句意可知此处需要表示“如何如何”之意之意, ,故故 填填howhow。4.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate4.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. or branches hid

30、den in the water.5.We must find out5.We must find outKarl is coming,so we can book a room Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him. for him.6.That is 6.That is the eagle learned to believe.the eagle learned to believe.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :4.what4.what考查宾语从句。句意考查宾语从句。句意: :如果你在河里或湖里游泳如果你在河里或湖里游泳,(,(请请) )一

31、定查看水面一定查看水面 下有什么。经常有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。分析句子成分、结构可知下有什么。经常有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。分析句子成分、结构可知, , investigate investigate 后接一个宾语从句后接一个宾语从句, ,从句中缺少主语。故用从句中缺少主语。故用whatwhat引导。引导。5.when5.when考查宾语从句。句意考查宾语从句。句意: :我们必须弄明白我们必须弄明白KarlKarl什么时候来什么时候来, ,以便我们能给以便我们能给 他预订房间。他预订房间。find outfind out后面跟宾语从句后面跟宾语从句, ,由句意可知由句意可知, ,空处表示时间

32、空处表示时间, ,在句中在句中 作状语作状语, ,因此用因此用whenwhen。6.what6.what考查表语从句。句意考查表语从句。句意: :那就是鹰学会了相信的东西。分析句子结构可那就是鹰学会了相信的东西。分析句子结构可 知知, ,所填词引导表语从句并在从句中作动词所填词引导表语从句并在从句中作动词believe believe 的宾语的宾语, ,用用whatwhat。7.That just goes to show that as a matter of fact when you 7.That just goes to show that as a matter of fact wh

33、en you really love a person you dont care really love a person you dont care nationality he nationality he or she is. or she is.8.I didnt know 8.I didnt know he was at home instead of mom.he was at home instead of mom.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :7.what7.what考查宾语从句。句意考查宾语从句。句意: :那正好表明实际上当你真正爱一个人的那正好表明实际上当你真正爱一个人的 时

34、候时候, ,是不会在乎他或她是什么国籍的。是不会在乎他或她是什么国籍的。care care 的宾语从句的引导词需的宾语从句的引导词需 要作名词要作名词nationality nationality 的定语的定语, ,表示表示“什么国籍什么国籍”, ,故用故用whatwhat。8.why8.why考查宾语从句。句意考查宾语从句。句意: :我不知道为什么在家里的是他而不是妈我不知道为什么在家里的是他而不是妈 妈。分析句子结构可知妈。分析句子结构可知, ,空处引导宾语从句空处引导宾语从句, ,且根据句意可知从句的引且根据句意可知从句的引 导词表示原因导词表示原因, ,故用故用whywhy。9.9.L

35、i Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it. public,but some wont accept it.10.10.we understand things has a lot to do with how we we understand things has a lot to do with how we feel. feel.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :9.Wh

36、ere9.Where考查主语从句。句意考查主语从句。句意: :李白是中国一位伟大的诗人李白是中国一位伟大的诗人, ,他的出生他的出生 地是众所周知的地是众所周知的, ,但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知,a ,a great Chinese poet great Chinese poet作作Li BaiLi Bai的同位语的同位语,is,is前面是主语从句。结合句前面是主语从句。结合句 意可知意可知, ,用用wherewhere在从句中作地点状语。在从句中作地点状语。10.How10.How考查主语从句。句意考查主语从句。句意: :我们如何理解

37、事情与我们所感受的有很我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很 大关系。根据句意可知大关系。根据句意可知, ,主语从句缺少方式状语主语从句缺少方式状语, ,因此用因此用HowHow。.单句语法改错单句语法改错( (含非本专项及一句二错试题含非本专项及一句二错试题) )1.That surprised me most was the beauty of the scenes.1.That surprised me most was the beauty of the scenes.2.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

38、2.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.3.Its worrying which the ice at the North Pole is melting as a 3.Its worrying which the ice at the North Pole is melting as a result global warming. result global warming.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.ThatWhat1.ThatWhat主语从句中缺主语主语从句中缺主语, ,应用应用whatwhat。tha

39、t that 引导主语从句在从引导主语从句在从 句中不作成分句中不作成分, ,且无意义。且无意义。2.thatwhere2.thatwhere句意句意: :我的叔叔是我住处附近一家餐馆的老板。宾语从我的叔叔是我住处附近一家餐馆的老板。宾语从 句中句中live live 后缺少地点状语后缺少地点状语, ,故用故用where where 引导。引导。3.whichthat3.whichthatit it 是形式主语是形式主语,worrying ,worrying 后是主语从句后是主语从句; ;从句的引导从句的引导 词不在从句中作成分词不在从句中作成分, ,所以应为所以应为thatthat。 glo

40、bal global 前加前加ofofas a result as a result 相当于副词相当于副词, ,作状语作状语;as a result of ;as a result of 是介词短语是介词短语, ,后跟名词等。后跟名词等。4.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the 4.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. holiday.5.After looking at the toy for some time,h

41、e turned around and 5.After looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing. found where his parents were missing.6.If well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.6.If well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :4.howwhat4.howwhat句意句意:

42、:我和我的同学们正在讨论假期该干什么。此处应我和我的同学们正在讨论假期该干什么。此处应 用用“what+what+不定式不定式”作动词短语作动词短语talk about talk about 的宾语的宾语, ,同时同时what what 还要还要 作动词作动词do do 的逻辑宾语。的逻辑宾语。5.wherethat5.wherethat或去掉或去掉wherewhere句意句意: :看了一会儿玩具之后看了一会儿玩具之后, ,他转身发现他转身发现 父母不见了。父母不见了。foundfound后是宾语从句后是宾语从句, ,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整从句中不缺少成分且意义完整, ,故故 用用that that 引导引导,that ,that 可以省略。可以省略。6.IfWhether6.If