大学六级模拟978

1、大学英语六级考试 710 分新题型王长喜英语预测试卷Wang Changxi's Model Test of Forecast for C E T-6（ 标准版 ）6WritingFor this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write aPart IDirections:short essay on the topic of Low-Carbon Lifestyle. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前低碳生活成为一种流行2.

2、 低碳生活指的是3. 作为大学生的我应该怎么做Low-Carbon LifestylePart nReadi ng Comp rehe nsion (Skim ming and Sea nning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quiekly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, ehoose the best answer from the four ehoiees markedA , B

3、, C and D. For questions 8-10, eomplete the sentenees with the information given in the passage.The End of the Cash EraIn the spring Adam Smith will replaee Sir Edward Elgar as the faee on Britai n's£ 20 n ote. The first econo mic thin ker to be so honoredeould well be the last. Not beeause

4、 eeonomists are espeeially undeserving, but because cash, after millennia as one of mankind's most versatile and enduring technologies, looks set over the next 15 years or so finally to melt away into an electronic stream of ones and zeros. If an era is represented by its money, the information

5、age is at hand.Notes and coins are already a small fraction of the money in most rich countries. But going by the number of transactions rather than their value, we still live firmly in a cash society. The European Payments Council estimates that the European Union's 360 billion cash transaction

6、s cost at least 50 billion a year; others put the bill at £ 200 a head. Visa, a huge credit-card alliance, reckons cash accounts for most of the $1.3 trillion spent a year across the world on small-ticket items. Whether queuing to get money out and queuing again to spend it, or breaking a $100

7、bill with an irate (发怒的 ) cabdriver one minute and having your pockets and purses fat with coins the next, cash is plainly still king.Yet signs of the new order are everywhere. On February 12th, 19 telephone operators with networks in over 100 countries said that people would be able to use their ha

8、ndsets to send money abroad. MasterCard will operate the system in which remittances （ 汇款 ） will be sent as text messages. For people without bank accounts, the credit can be converted into pre-paid cards which can then be used to buy things. "It will revolutionize the money-transfer business,&

9、quot; said Sunil Bharti Mittal, boss of Bharti Airtel, one of India's biggest mobile operators. The idea is to tap into the more than $250 billion a year that immigrants and migrant workers send to relatives and friends back home.Britain's Vodafone and America's Citigroup are also launch

10、ing an international money-transfer service developed from the M-PESA remittance service which is already operating successfully within Kenya. Sir John Bond, formerly chairman of the HSBC banking group and now chairman of Vodafone, has long been convinced that payments and mobiles would somehow conv

11、erge. "Mobile phones have the ability to make a dramatic change to village life in Africa," he says. He also thinks phones loaded with credit will make many of the payments people use cash for in rich economies. For banks with high infrastructure costs, says Sir John, it has always "b

12、een hard to make money out of small payments". But lower-cost business models, some of them from developing countries, are opening up new opportunities. The big attraction of the mobile phone as a purse is that so many people have them - even children.Both MasterCard and Visa have recently intr

13、oduced plastic cards in America that do not have to be swiped for purchases under $25. Later this year a "dual interface" system will be tested in London. It will involve a single plastic card which combines an Oyster for travel, a standard Visa card issued by Britain's Barclays Bank f

14、or "chip and PIN" payments and a new "wave and pay" Visa for instant transactions up to £ 10.Nobody can be sure how fast bits and bytes will drive out metal and paper. A hundred years ago you could still pay your taxes in Uganda in cowrie shells. Perhaps hard cash will alway

15、s find a niche, tucked away in children's birthday cards and as money for the unbanked and phoneless. But most of the time a phone or a smart card that can be waved over an electronic reader will beat notes and coins hands-down. The doubt - and the remaining obstacle to digital money - concerns

16、a third property of cash: its anonymity.Gresham's law vs Moore's lawRendering cash as pure information is the final denial of the notion that money has intrinsic value: what was once a carefully weighed piece of gold, silver or bronze has become simply a token.That is a hard-won truth. As Jo

17、hn Maynard Keynes once lamented, when it appears governments are able to deceive their citizens by depreciating the currency.Yet when money is minted （ 铸造） from silicon something remarkable happens. The economics of handling cash - which today involves thicknecked men in crash-helmets - is suddenly

18、embodied by Moore's law, which has seen the cost of computer-processing power fall by half every 18 months or so. Electronic information is instantaneous, weightless and exact. No longer the miserable fumbling through coat pockets while a line of waiting customers quietly fumes. Shopkeepers can

19、do away with expensive cash floats and elaborate ruses to stop cash fraud - such as charging $4.99 so that the $5 bill most people hand over has to pass through the till （现金出纳机 的抽屉 ） for onecent change rather than being trousered by a shop assistant.Information-money can be handled by any informatio

20、n-processing device. That includes the mobile phone, which can add to money's utility in that its screen can display information clearly and it can link to your bank as a mobile ATM at any time. Visa thinks a contactless digital transaction takes less than half the time of a cash one and that pe

21、ople liberated from what happens to be in their wallets spend a fifth more.Which is why digital cash is now solving its chicken-and-egg problem. In the past shopkeepers would not install systems unless shoppers had electronic cash. And shoppers would not use electronic cash unless they had something

22、 to buy. But smart cards and readers have become cheap and consumers now possess mobile phones in droves. The trillions of payments that are too small to bear the fees of paying by credit card have come within reach and almost everyone stands to gain. Some Japanese merchants have already begun to of

23、fer discounts to people using electronic cash. Others will follow.The buck stops hereExcept there is that nagging question of anonymity. It is well known that privacy has a lot going for it. The firms running payment systems might sell information about what you buy and when. Prepare yourself for a

24、barrage of e-coupons and offers designed to fit your pro uploaded to your phone. And there are more serious concerns. In the cash world, anonymity can be a cloak for wrong doing. The suspicion clings that where you find anonymity you find drugs, fraud, money laundering, terrorist financing and a hug

25、e amount of tax evasion.No wonder governments have long sought to control anonymous financial instruments. The state is certain to limit the amount that can pass through an anonymous card, phone, or other means of business.Eager to collect taxes from builders and nannies, it will also be tempted to

26、monitor electronic-cash payments.Whether it does so is a political question, not a technological one. You can design payment systems that protect against fraud and yet preserve anonymity, just as you can design open systems or those that keep your identity secret unless the authorities demand that i

27、t be revealed.When it comes to trading convenience against privacy, most people seem to back convenience every time. With cash, however, it might be different. The more the state intrudes into electronic cash, the more it encourages inefficient notes and coin. From the first slave who bought his fre

28、edom, money has been what Dostoyevsky called "coined liberty". As Adam Smith would no doubt have observed, just because the state can pry into electronic cash does not mean it should.1. Why could Adam Smith be the last economist as the face on a bank note?A No economic thinker could be mor

29、e honorable.B Cash is very versatile and enduring.C We will not need money in the near future.D Electronic money will replace cash in the future.2. The second paragraph mainly indicates that .A notes and coins play a less important role than beforeB cash still dominates the economic life in the soci

30、etyC we don't need as much money in flow as goods valueD there are many inconveniences in cash transactions3. According to Sunil Bharti Mittal, what will revolutionize the traditional money-transfer business?A Alliance of telephone operators and MasterCard.B The large demand of immigrants and mi

31、grant workers.C Sending money by text messages.D International telephone networks.4. What does the chairman of Vodafone John Bond think of banks?A They can hardly get profit out of small payments.B They may disappear in the near future just like cash.C They have greatly changed village life in Afric

32、a.D They hold a primary role in the money-transfer business.5. Visa will introduce a new "wave and pay" card in London for purchases .A under $25 回 under £ 10 C abroad D in traveling6. According to John Maynard Keynes, when can governments use devaluation of currency to take in people

33、?A When value is inherent in money.B When metal currency becomes a token.C When cash can't be used anonymously.D When Moore's law begins to work.7. According to Visa, transactions by mobile ATMs can encourage spending by .A 18% B 5% C 4O% D 2O%8. More and more Japanese shopkeepers encourage

34、using electronic cash by .9. To limit wrong doing, governments have long been trying to control .when10. More people would use notes and coin to protect electronic cash payments are under strict monitoring.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete

35、statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Conventional wisdom says that it is better to be a large company than a small o

36、ne when credit is tight. Bigger firms have more room for maneuver （ 机动 ）: They have access to more types of funding, they have more fat to cut, and they have greater bargaining power with lenders. Even so, life is getting ever more uncomfortable for the bigger beasts of the corporate jungle.Accordin

37、g to the Federal Reserve's most recent lending survey, American banks are tightening terms more aggressively for bigger firms than for smaller ones. Lenders are more cautious than they have been at least since 1990. The story among European banks is similar. Lenders in emerging markets can be mo

38、re suspicious of multinational firms than they are of locals. "We just don't know what they've got on their balance-sheets back home," says one bank boss in Africa.Violent movements in exchange rates are causing additional headaches, says Andrew Balfour of Slaughter & May, a la

39、w firm. Calculations of financial ratios can be thrown out by wild currency movements, potentially triggering breaches of loan agreements. Companies with sterlingdenominated （以英镑为单位的 ） credit lines mayfind that their facilities are not big enough as a result of the pound's recent sharp fall, for

40、 instance.It is not panic stations yet. Most firms can survive for a while with the credit tap turned off. Analysis by Moody's, a rating agency, shows that the vast majority of highly rated companies in America and Europe have enough headroom, in the form of cash and undrawn bank facilities, to

41、be able to survive for 12 months without needing new financing. European corporate-debt markets have seen a rare flurry （ 骤雨 ） of issues in the past few days by opportunistic, highly rated firms.Governments are also working hard to hold out credit markets. The Fed's program to buy commercial pap

42、er, a form of short-term company debt, had acquired almost $300 billion by November 26th. Banks on both sides of the Atlantic are issuing lots of government-backed bonds, which should encourage lending.47. Why do people usually say that bigger companies are better to tackle with a tight credit?when

43、they deal with bigger48. European lenders are more firms.49. What may borrowers suffer from the violent movements in exchange rates?50. How can highly rated companies fund when they run out of credit, cash and undrawn bank facilities?51. Companies could directly borrow money from the federal governm

44、ent through .Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a s

45、ingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.The government of UK is launching a program aiming at helping more families balance their work and home lives. The right to ask employers for flexible working hours was previously limited to parents of chi

46、ldren up to the age of six or disabled children aged up to 18. But following a recommendation made by an independent review last year, the government decided to extend the age limit. 4.5 million parents of children aged 16 and under will be able to ask employers for flexible work arrangements in fut

47、ure. A total of 10 million parents will be entitled to request flexible working.Harriet Harman, minister for Women and Equality, said mothers often "tear their hair out" while bringing up children and trying to earn a living. A survey of 1,000 parents by the government's Equalities Off

48、ice suggested half believed their relationship with their child would improve if their work hours were more flexible. Two thirds said it would be helpful to work flexibly as their children became older, and half of parents whose children were aged between 11 and 16 said they would help with homework

49、 if they could find the time.Ms. Harman said: "Children don't stop needing their parents' time when they reach their sixteenth birthday. We have already built a strong foundation of support for families through the right for parents with children under six to request flexible work. But,

50、 as any parent knows, older children going through the teenage years need just as much support and guidance."Sarah Jackson, chief executive of campaign group Working Families, said: "The conflict that often seems to exist between family and work is so unnecessary and counterproductive. I w

51、ould particularly encourage men to consider working flexibly as that has the potential to create stronger families and go some way to addressing the inequalities that still exist in the home."The move is backed by the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), but the CBI has warned that firms ma

52、y find it difficult to grant requests for flexible working during the recession. Trades Union Congress is another organization that favors the arrangement. Brendan Barber, the general secretary, said the extension would be "good news" for employers. He added, "Companies whose workers

53、enjoy the benefits of flexible working are likely to feel less stressed and less anxious about balancing their lives at home and work, which means they are more committed and productive while at work."52. Who will have the right to ask for flexible working hours after the UK program is launched

54、?A Parents with adult disabled kids.B Parents with children younger than 16.C Parents with healthy kids under 18.D Parents with children older than 6.53. From the survey by the Equalities Office we learn that .A all parents want more time to help children with their homeworkB few parents have good r

55、elationship with their teenage childrenC most parents favor the idea of having flexible working hoursD parents do not need to spend much time with their older children54. What suggestion does Sarah Jackson give on flexible working hours?A Fathers should try to apply for the flexible working hours.B

56、Flexible work hours resolve the conflict between family and work.C Employers grant flexible working hours to married women.D Flexible work hours will make home inequalities worse.55. Why did Brendan Barber regard the extension of flexible working hours as good news?A It will minimize office space an

57、d save money for the finns.B It will solve the companies' problems during the recession.C It will make employees more efficient and benefit the finns.D It will make everyone feel more relaxed and comfortable.56. It can be inferred from the passage that .A flexible working hours satisfies both th

58、e employers and employeesB children's opinion should be taken into considerationC flexible working hours has been existing for too longD the government is making effort in helping parentsPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Basically, there are three types of fatigue:

59、 physical, pathological （ 由疾病引起的 ）, and psychological. As you might suspect, each differs significantly from the others.When you exercise your body you produce waste products. Muscles, for example, discard lactic acid （乳酸 ） into the blood; cells dump incarbon dioxide. When these wastes reach a certain level in the blood, the brain is notified and your activity level drops. Excess wastes in the muscles may produce soreness. If the blood of a physically fatigued animal is injected into a rested animal, it will p