中考英语 语法难点汇总(二) 专题辅导

1、中考英语语法难点汇总(二短语动词I. 要点英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体, 其用法有的相当于及物动词, 有的相当于不及 物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种:(1 动词+介词常见的有 look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from, add to, lead to 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Don't laugh at others.I didn't care about it.(2 动词+副词常见的有 giv

2、e up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out 等。这类短语动词的宾语如 果是名词, 既可放在副词前边, 又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词, 则要 放在副词前边。如:You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please don't forget to hand it in.(3 动词+副词+介词常见的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with 等。这类短语 动词的宾语

3、只能放在介词后边。如:All his money added up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4 动词+名词+介词常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。 这类短语动词的宾语只能 放在介词后边。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5 动词+形容词常见的有

4、 leave open, set free, cut open 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在 形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。 如:The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6 动词+名词常见的有 take place, make friends 等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.(7 辨析give away(让给,暴露 和 give

5、up(放弃,停止 put away(放起,收起 和 put out (扑灭 turn up(出席,放大 和 turn on (打开 keep out(阻止 和 keep off (不让靠近 make up(编造,补上 和 make out(辨认 take off(脱,起飞 和 take out(拿出 II. 例题例 1. It is wise to have some money _ for old age.A put away B kept up C given away D laid up解析:该题 c 正确 give away 意为 " 分发 " ; lay up&q

6、uot;贮藏 " 。例 2. Here's my card. Let's keep in _.A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship解析:该题正确答案为 A. keep in touch为短语动词,意为 " 保持联系 " 。例 3. _! There's a train coming.A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on解析:该题选 A. look out 意为 " 小心 " 。动词不定式I. 要点1、

7、 不定式的形式。以动词 write 为例。式|语态 主动语态被动语态一般式 to write to be written完成式 to have written to have been written进行式 to be writing完成进行式 to have been writing2、 不定式的句法功能(1 作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以 it 作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后。 如:It's nice to hear from you.It

8、9;s not easy to be a good teacher.(2 作宾语通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help 等词后。如:I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.(3 作表语My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.(4 作定语不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰

9、的名词或代词后。如:I have two letters to write.I have a lot of work to do.(5 作宾补通常用于 want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force 等词后。如: He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his order.(6 作状语He got up early to catch the first bus.He worked hard to catch up with the ot

10、her students.(7 作独立成分To tell you the truth, I told a lie.(8"疑问词+不定式 " 结构。 如:I don't know how to choose them.I cannot decide where to go.(9 不定式的否定式。如:I decided not to go.(10 不定式的完成式。如:He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital l

11、ast week.(11 too to 结构。如:He was too excited to go to sleep.He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了,乐意去。 (12 主动表被动。如:The book is easy to read.I have a book to read.II. 例题例 1. I haven't got a chair _.A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting解析:该题选 C 。不定式 to sit on 在句中作定语,修饰名词 chair. 因为不定式和

12、它所修饰 的名词间是 " 动宾关系 " ,所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处 on 不能省略。例 2. He was made _. A. go B. gone C. going D. to go解析:该题选 D 。 make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式,不定式 do 前的 to 不能省略。例 3. A new factory is _ very soon.A. to be built B. built C. to build D. to building解析:该题选 A 。 is to be built 意为 " 将要被建。相关联系题1 -Have y

13、ou got some water to drink?-Here you are. There_ still some in the bottle.A. are B. were C. is D. was2 _ there many American friends in the school last Friday? A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were3 There _ a great many accidents last year.A. were B. are C. is D. was4 -How many children _ in the picture?-Thre

14、e.A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there5 In 1850, about a third of U. S. A_ covered by forests. A. were B. has been C. / D. was6 Most of our earth_ covered by water.A. are B. is C. was D. were7 Sunday _ the first day of the week.A. is B. are C. am D. be8. Neither_right.A. answers are B

15、. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't9. The population of the world _ still _ now.A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown10. There _ many people running in the park every morning. A. is B. were C. are D. have11. These police often_the children across the street.A. help

16、 B. helps C. helping D. is helping12. _ going to England by air next week.A. The Green family are B. The Greens family areC. The Green's family are D. Green family are13. The whole family _ enjoying the beautiful music now. A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all14. Our class _ big.A. is B. ar

17、e C. were D. will15. Neither he nor I _ from Canada. We are from Australia. A. is B. are C. am D. be16. Either you or he _ right.A. are B. is C. does D. were17. Neither Mary nor her brother_ good at singing.A. is B. are C. is not D. are not18. Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary _ busy.A. is B. was C.