【精品】GIS-毕业设计-文献翻译-中英文-地理信息系统网络应用电力系统克里特岛

1、附录一：英文原文A GIS WEB - APPLICATION FOR POWER SYSTEM OFCRETEJ. Syllignakis, C. Adamakis, T.M. PapazoglouThe Technological Educational Institute of Crete (TEIC), GreeceABSTRACTGeographical Information System (GIS) applications are very helpful tools for displaying and analyzing informationfor several tec

2、hnological fields. The research group of Electrical Power System Lab (EPSL) of TEIC is developing aGIS software application for displaying the operational conditions of the power system of Crete, presenting alsocritical information and statistical data for system csharacteristics. This tool is inten

3、ded to help training of engineersin the Electrical Department of TEIC to simulate and visualize power system operation and characteristics. Besides,this tool is very helpful for a power system engineer in observing the whole system operations and system dsata. Alldata used are derived from a databas

4、edeveloped by EPSL. Digitalized maps of Crete Island use this database anddisplay them optionally according to user s demand or choice. So, an authorized user can decide which datawill bedisplayed on the map, and with a simple mouse click on a selected element of the map he can b informed about its

5、characteristics. Furthermore, this application is being uploaded on web. This means that this application runson aserver of EPSL, which can serve distant users after authorization procedure. That distance user could be a trainee inhis desk, or an engineer, or a researcher in the lab. One of the serv

6、ices that application provides is the load flow calculation on a specific part of the system, or for a specific scenario of system s operation.Key-Words :- GIS applications, Power Systems observation, power systems web-applications1. INTRODUCTIONCrete eslectrical power system is a large autonomous s

7、ystem with large wind power penetration. The customer s power & energy demand is increasing with highrates. The operation of the whole system is in charge of the Greek PPC (public power corporation)control center, located in Iraklion, where a SCADA system has been installed. In terms of integration

8、of dispersed generation new methods and computer applications are adopted toward adaptation of the critical inf ormation of system s operational conditions.Mapping and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)are key to a utilitys business. These software applications store and map a vast amount of infor

9、mation about the utilitys electric system and other outside plants. People and applications across theorganization typically require information from the GIS.The ben efits of adaptatio n of a GIS for a power system are many. Descriptive prese ntati on of data (graphics,maps, tables etc) and prese nt

10、atio n of data in real space are offered. They offer, also,c onvenience concerning data process ing sin ce, as wellas to exam ine them in differe nt layers. It an alyzes and prese nts in formatio n related to spatial places. It can comb ine eleme nts -data from digital database, GPS for concerning t

11、he specific defi niti on of places,sampli ng and dista nt measureme nts. The relati on betwee n the data basis and the maps give the cha nee to the user to in teract with the system of an in teractivecom muni cati on betwee n the user and the system.Moreover many data basis can be conn ected an dcom

12、b ined improvi ng the flexibility of the system.Usi ng specific tools of software desig n (like map objects) we can display the results of a load flowtest on the digital map of Crete .Its possible to use GIS tobtefinfepeopnumas well as forecast of load dema nd. Further more if we know the den sity (

13、people, space) we can rate the placesper load dema nd.The amount of data can be prese nted on maps for a quick estimati on of the n etwork-system operati onal con diti on. The GIS can observe external factors such as weather conditions. For example if we know the temperature of an area, we reable to

14、 predict the load dema nd there,for the n ext hours.GIS is a helpful tool for new types of en ergyma nageme nt.2. SY STEM MODELLING -TECHNICAL INFORMATION2.1 Power ProductionThe power system of the isla nd of Crete is the largest aut onom ous power system in Greece with the highest rate of in crease

15、 n ati on-wide in en ergy and power dema nd. The conventional generation system consists of three major power plants one in Linoperamata, one in Chania and one in Atherinolakos (the latest). The first two power pla nts are located n ear the major load points of the isla nd. There are 20 thermal, oil

16、-fired gen erat ing un its with a total in stalled capacity of about 742MW. The perce ntage of the participati on of each gen erator type in the total electrical power product ion and the annual fuel con sumpti on are depicted in figuresl and 2(These two figures corresp ond to the system in 2001, be

17、fore atheri no lakos in stallati on.The power system comprises the follow ing power stati ons:Six steam turb ines in Lin operamataFour diesel engines in Lin operamataFour gas turb ines in Lin operamata & five gas turb ines in Chania.One comb ined cycle in Cha nia of 133.4 MW (2gas turb ines and 1 st

18、eam turbi ne) Two diesel engines in Atheri no lakosaOomtl nis=-zli T 住j三疋|hli-a4Sr12.2 Load dema ndThe base load is mainly supplied by the steam and diesel un its. The gas turb ines no rmally supply the daily peak load. Un til 1988 the annual peak load dema nd always occurred in win ter, from the n

19、on it always appears in summer eve nin gs. Figure 3 shows the in crease of en ergy dema nd and peak load since 1964. One characteristic of the load pro the large variations (low night valleys -high evening peaks).Gas turbines have a high operati ng cost that in creases sig nifica ntly the average co

20、st of electricity being supplied.ss-id2.3 Tran smissi on systemThe tran smissi on n etwork (figure 4) con sists mai nly of 150 kV lin es. There are only 2 lines of 66kV from Linop33 (production sub) to 1lrak31 (substation). The distribution network consists of 20 kV (21 kV) and 15kV (15.75 kV) lines

21、. The gen erati on system and the tran smissi on n etwork are supervised by a con trol center located in one of the substati ons in Iraklio (2IRAK), using a SCADA system.4 一气诂空/一hm t ia s w in t/ / ;(k X /? j n t /- yim-wFigure 5 Singleline draw加IOkVpower system on the map of Crete2.4 Wind ParksAbou

22、t 15 Wind Parks(WPs) have bee n in stalled in Crete si nee 1995 of total capacity of up to 134.7 MW and there are plans for more WPs in the next years. The peak wind pen etrati on was up to 41.2%. Most of the wind parks have bee n in stalled at the eastern part of the island (Sitia) that presents th

23、e most favourable wind eonditions. As a result, in ease of faults on some particular lines, the majority of the wind parks will be disconnected.Furthermore, the protections of the WPs might be activated in case of freque ncy variatio ns, decreas ing additi on ally the dyn amic stability of the syste

24、m.Exte nsive tran sie nt an alysis studies have therefore bee n con ducted in order to assessthe dynamic behaviour of the system under various disturbances and with differe nt comb in atio ns of the gen erat ing un its.2.5 Tech ni cal con stra intsThe start up preparation time of a generator depends

25、 on its type. The gas turbines require 6-12 minutes for preparation. The steam turbines require 1-2 hours in hot state, and 8 or more hours for the cold state. The diesels require about 20 minutes. Inadditi on, the in crease rate of power of each gen erator also depe nds on its type. For the steam t

26、urbines is low. For the gas turbines it is 16-17 MW/min. Diesel s rate is also high, as they react rapidly to load variations. In order to avoid undesirable frequency in crease, the gen erator is at its tech ni cal mi nimum whe n it is conn ected to the system .One of the biggest problems of the sys

27、tem is the high fuel cost. Gas turbinescon sume diesel oil which is expe nsive and in creases the en ergy cost per KWh. Steam turbines and diesel engines con sume crude oil. (diesel engines con sume diesel oil only at the start up state and the stop state) Diesel engin es, steam turb ines and wind p

28、arks reduce the cost per KWh.3. CREATION OF GISThe first part of this project was the creati on of GIS maps that represe nt the Electrical Power System of Crete. For this reason we created a Geographical Information System (GIS) using ArcGIS and Microsoft Access. Using ArcGIS and Microsoft Access we

29、 represe nted substati ons, tran smissi on lin es, re newable sources, power pla nts of Crete prese nted over a digitized map.For every substation the elements that were imported in the database and can be viewed on the map are:1. Name of the substati on2. Number of busses3. Type of the substati on4

30、. Tran sformer data5. Capacitor banks6. Load Dema nd dataFor the transmission lines the elements that were imported in the database and can be viewed on the map are:1. Circuit type2. Circuit len gth3. electrical data such as R,X,B4. 1st,2 nd and 3rd loadi ng limitsFor the ren ewable sources and the

31、power pla nts the eleme nts that were imported in the database were:1. locati on2. I nstalled Power3. Electrical dataAfter the completion of the first part of the project, the result was the creation of digitalized maps of Crete where the user can work with, using programs such as ArcGIS or other si

32、milar programs. One simple program which presents system s datis cmd01(fig.9). It has been developed by EPSL using ESRI s map objects. The userchooses the layers (data) he wants to be displayed on the map of Crete. He can also zoom in or zoom out in order to observe the desired area of the n etwork.

33、9 The cmdOl GIS cipplic：citian (Basccl on map cbjEcts)4. WEB PARTOn the sec ond part of this project our aim was to tran sform the digitized maps that were created with the use of ARCGIS in a format that can be viewed in Web. For this reas on we used tech no logies such as Apache, MySQl and SVG (Sca

34、lable Vector Graphics).We developed a Web server on a Linux SuSe 10.0 Server where Apache Web Server was in stalled. The sec ond step was to import the databasethat was analyzed in step 1 from windows access to MySQL. The choice for MySQL was based on the fact that is a database capable to work on W

35、eb environment(figure11).The third step was the transformation of GIS maps in a format that can be viewed in Web explorers. Our choice was by default SVG. SVG is a platform for twodimensional graphics. It has two parts: an XML-based and a program ming API for graphical applicatio ns. Key features in

36、 clude shapes,text and embeddedraster graphics, with many different painting styles. It supports scriptingthrough Ianguages such as ECMAScript and has comprehensive support for ani matio n.SVG is used in many bus in ess areasi nclud ing Web graphics, ani mati on, user in terfaces, graphics in tercha

37、 nge, print and hardcopy output, mobile applicati ons and high-quality design. SVG is a royalty-free vendor-neutral open standard developed un der the W3C Process. It has strong in dustry support; Authors of the SVG specification include Adobe, Agfa, Apple, Canon, Corel, Ericsson, HP, IBM, Kodak, Ma

38、cromedia, Microsoft, Nokia, Sharp and Sun Microsystems. SVG viewers are deployed to over 100 million desktops, and there is a broad range of support in many authori ng tools. SVG builds upon many other successful sta ndards such as XML (SVG graphics are text-based and thus easy to create), JPEG and

39、PNG for image formats, DOM for scripti ng and in teractivity, SMIL for ani mati on and CSS for styli ng. SVG is interoperable. The W3C release a test suite and implementation results to en sure con forma nee. The tool that was used to tran sform the GIS maps to SVG format was the MapViewSVG from Uis

40、Media. The result was the creati on of digitized maps of the Power System of Crete were a user using a Web explorer such as IE of Firefox can in teract with the map and decide which parts of the Power System to be show n (Power Plan ts, substati ons etc).U厂5. LOAD FLOW ANAL YSISThe Last part of the

41、project is the creation a Load Flow Analysis of the network where the user can in teract with the SVG map and perform a Load flow An alysis of the power system of Crete. This application is under construction and it will be accomplished till May 2007. The Gauss-Seidel Algorithm is used and it has be

42、en performed on a simplified 9-buses model of the network. An authorized distant user will be able to input in a appropriate form the load demand (P(MW) and Q(MVar) data for the 9 specific high voltage buses (High Voltage/Low Voltage Substations) and generators production. The server will execute th

43、e Gauss-Seidel load flow calculations. Results will be displayed on web, on the specific elements (substations) of the map of Crete. The realization of the algorithm is going to be、constructed using PHP and Jscript that will use the data elements of the Mysql database described above.6. CONCLUSIONSG

44、IS applications are very helpful in displaying a variety of data for power systems characteristics and operation. EPSL has developdeadtabase and a GIS tool for the power system of Crete. This work has been uploaded on web. Students of Electrical Department of TEI of Crete can be training on power sy

45、stems operation and can observe systems electrical characteristics. There is a complete model of a real autonomous power system on web, featuring all related data such as transmission lines, generators, capacitors etc. Besides an authorized user can apply changes to the model in case of changes of t

46、he power system (for example new capacitors, transmission lines, substationsetc).The above mentioned system will be capable to support load flow analysis based on real data of the Crete Power System. For the end-user (for example a student) there will be the capability to accomplish that Load Flow A

47、nalysis without the need to use specialized software.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work is a part of a project which is co-funded by the European Social Fund and Greek National Resources,“ EPEARXIMIES .中文译文地理信息系统网络应用电力系统克里特岛j.syllignakis,adamakis, 技术备忘录 papazoglou技术教育学院的克里特岛 teic ,希腊摘要地理信息系统 GIS 的应用是非常有用的

48、工具，可以展示和分析几个技 术领域的信息。电力系统实验室 epsl teic 研究小组，是开展地理信息系统 软件应用， 显示克里特岛的电力系统运行条件的， 介绍 alsocritical 的资料和统计 数据是系统的特点。这个工具是为了帮助培训 engineersin电子部teic，模拟并可 视化电力系统运行和特点。 此外，对于一个电力系统工程师在观察整个系统的运 作和系统的数据， 这个工具是非常有帮助的。 所有的数据使用的是来自一个数据 库开发的 epsl 。克里特岛的数字化地图使用这一数据库，并且他们根据用户的 需求来选择。 因此，授权的用户可以决定哪些数据将被在地图上显示， 甚至一个 简单

49、的点击鼠标在地图上选定的元素， 就可以告知其特色。 此外，这项申请正在 上传于网页。这意味着，这个应用程序运行时就是一个 epsl 的效劳，它可以服 务于授权程序后的遥远用户， 距离用户在他的桌面上可以是一个教练员， 或实验 室里的工程师、 研究员。其中一个效劳提供的应用是就某个特定系统的一局部的 潮流计算，或为某一特定情况下的系统的运作。关键词：地理信息系统应用 电力系统观察 电力系统网络应用 1概述克里特岛的电力系统是一个大型自动化系统， 贯穿于大型风力发电。 客户的 电力和能源需求是高速增长的。整个系统的运行负责设在设在 iraklion 的希腊的 PPC 公共电力公司控制中心，在那里一

50、个供电 SCADA 系统已经安装。在 条款一体化的分散发电的新方法和计算机应用是通过对法律适应化的关键信息 系统的运行条件。制图和地理信息系统 GIS 的关键是实用的业务。这些应 用软件和地图存储了大量的有关公用事业的电力系统和其他以外植物的资料， 。 人们和应用的资料通过整个组织从地理信息系统中获得。 适应一个地理信息系统 的电力系统的好处很多。描述介绍资料图形，地图，资料表等和演示文稿的 数据在真实空间的提供。 此外，他们提供方便有关的数据处理以来， 以及研究他 们在不同的层次的数据分析， 并提出了相关的信息空间的地方。 它可以结合的要 素-数据，从数字数据库，全球定位系统有关的具体定义的

51、地方，取样和遥远的 测量。根底数据和地图之间的关系提供时机， 向用户进行互动的制度， 一个互动 的沟通，用户和系统。此外，在许多数据的根底上可以连接和联合，提高该系统 的灵活性，。使用特定的工具软件设计如地图对象 ，我们可以显示关于克里 特岛负载流试验对数字地图的结果。 它可以使用地理信息系统定义有多少人， 以 及预测的负荷需求。此外，如果我们知道密度人，空间 ，我们可以得到该 地方每负荷的需求比率。 数据量可以在地图上介绍了一种快速估计网络系统的运 行条件。地理信息系统可以观察到外在因素，例如天气状况。例如，如果我们知 道温度的一个领域， 我们可以预测这个地方下一小时的负荷需求。 地理信息系

52、统 是一个非常有用的工具，是新类型的能源管理系统。2系统建模-技术信息2.1发电克里特岛的电力系统是希腊最大的自治区电力系统，在能源和电力的需求方面也是希腊增幅最高的。传统的发电系统构成的三大电厂一在linoperamata，一 个在干尼亚和一在atherinolakos 最新。首先两个发电厂是位于该岛屿附近 的主要负荷点。有20个热，石油，燃煤发电机组，总装机容量约742mw。每个发电机在总电力生产中所占的百分比，以及每年的燃料消耗都是数一数二的这两个数字对应于该系统在 2001年之前，atheri no lakos的安装。电力系统包括以下电力站：六组汽轮机在Linoperamata四个柴油

53、引擎四个汽轮机在Linoperamata和5个汽轮机在Chania.一联合循环在尼亚的133.4兆瓦2燃气涡轮机和一汽轮机2 柴油机在 atherinolakosZ讥一于nitsU尸它FuTOTAL FWROOUKCTIOHLK1NO OF FUEL J2.2负荷要求该基地的负载能量，主要是有蒸汽和柴油机组提供。通常燃气轮机提供每日 顶峰负荷。1988年以前，每年的顶峰负荷，总是发生在冬季，但从那以后每日 顶峰负荷总是出现在夏季的夜晚。图 3显示了自1964年以来能量需求增长和高 峰负荷的情况。负荷分布的一个特点就是变化大夜晚低谷-黄昏顶峰。300()200()10006(4(2(00Iiir

54、ure 3 increase energy and peak load demand2.3输电系统传输系统的传输网络图4 主要是150 kV线路。从电厂到变电站只有2 条66kv线路。配电网络包括20千伏21千伏和15千伏15.75千伏特 线路。该发电系统和输电网络由设在克里奥2irak 的一个变电站的一个控制中心使用SCAD；系统进行监管。-4firte cfrattf 15Ok. V pawer wysWm2.4风力电厂风公园大约有15个风力电厂WPS已在克里特岛建成，到1995年总装机容量 到达134.7兆瓦，并方案在未来的几年安装更多的风力电厂，风力发电的普及率那么高达41.2 %。大局部的风力电厂建在东区局部的岛屿，目前这里有最有利 的风力条件。同时，在发生特殊线路故障时，大局部的风力电厂将会被断开。此 外,当频率发生变化时，风力电厂的保护装置将会投入使用， 系统稳定性将会下 降。为了系统在各种干扰和发电机组的不同组合下动态状况的评估，大规模的暂态分析研究已