8bunit3知识点

1、8B Unit3 重点语法总结looks like a TV. 它看起来像台电视机。look like “看起来像”，like介词“像，如一样”，后接名词或代词作实语。That photo doesn't look like her at l.那张照片看上去一点儿也不像她。那些石头看起来像什么look at 看look up 查（词典）look for 寻找look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起What do the stones look likelook forward to 希望，盼望look after 照料，照顾look out 当心，小心look over 检查a

2、gree. 我同意。agree 不及物动词“同意”。I don't agree. 我不同意。,主语必须指协调的双方或多方。我们对这个计划看法相同。他不同意这个提议。agree on "在方面取得一致意见”We agreed on the plan. agree to+ “提议、办法、计划”的名词，He doesn't agree to the suggestion. agree with sb. “同意 /赞成某人的意见”He agreed with me. 他同意我的看法。 agree to do sth. “同意做某事”。We agreed to start ea

3、rly. 我们同意早点儿动身。Tomasked meif my wife agreed to spend the holiday in the north. I said that she agreed to myidea,so weagreed on a date for it,and my wife agreed with what Id id.汤姆问我我妻子是否同意去北方度假。我说她同意我的想法。因此我们就定了个日子。我妻子对我的做法表示赞同。,this programme began an hour again. 看，这个节目一小时前开始的。begin (began, begun)不及

4、物动词“开始”。School begins in September. 学校 9 月份开学。Has the film begun 电影开始了 吗begin及物动词。begin dong sh.和begin to do sth 都表示“开始做某事”。The baby began crying.婴儿哭了 起来。She began to understand us.她开始明白我们的意思。t's boring.它很枯燥。boring形容词“没趣的；令人厌烦的”,常常修饰物；bored也是形容词“感到无聊的”，常常修饰人。The film is very feels very one wants

5、 to see it again.这部电影很令人厌烦，每个人都感到很无聊，没有人想再看一遍。用法类彳以的词 exited , exciting ； surprised,surprising:interested , interesting 等。Boys are always excited at the exciting football matches男孩子总是对令人激动的足球比赛感到根兴奋。I was very surprised to hear the surprising news.听到这令人吃惊的消息我很惊讶。My father is interested in this kind

6、of interesting film我爸爸对这种有趣的电影很感兴趣。and receive emails发送和接收电子邮件send及物动词“送，发送，寄出”。send sth to sb尸send“给某人寄/送某物”。I'll send my grandfather a hat on his birthday.=I'll send a hat to my grandfather on his birthday.在爷爷生日时，我将送给他一顶帽子send away把打发走send for派人去请send in递送，呈报，提交send off邮寄，发送send out发送；派遭se

7、nd up发射Kate received a gift but she didn 她并没有接受。及物动词“收到，接到”。receiv e收到，接到强调客观上收到receive a letter收到T寸信accept接受强调主观上接受accept a gift接耍一份礼物你收到笔友的来信了吗Did you receive the letter from your pen pal't accept it.凯特收到一份礼物，但是我通常用它搜索信息。usually use it to search for information.use do sth.“使用某物做某事” =use doing

8、sth.They use the sun to heat water.=They use the sun for heating water.他们用太阳来加热水。Youcan use the knife to cut the cake尸You can use the knife for cutting the cake.你可以用这把刀来切蛋糕be used for doing sth尸be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。The knife is used for cutting things尸The knife is used to cut things.这把刀子是用来切东西

9、的。不及物动词“搜索；寻找”。It was too dark to search further.天太暗了，无法继续寻找。search及物动词”搜查，搜寻”，其后可以是表示地点的名词，可跟人作宾语。The police are searching the village for the thief.警察正在村子里搜寻小偷。You shouldn't search is against the law.你不该搜他身，这是违法的。search for"搜索；寻找"，=look for ,后面跟要找的对象作宾语。They are searching for him.他 4

10、正在找他。searchfor. 意为“为了找.而搜”，search后跟地点，for后跟物，="look for.+地点”。The man is searching the room for his keys.=The man is looking for his keys in the room.这个人在房间里找钥匙。every day. 几乎每天。almost副词“几乎”，一般放在实义动词之前，助动词、连系动词 be之后。Helen had a bad almost lost her voice.海伦得了重感冒，嗓子都快哑了。I tried to understand it,but

11、 it was almost impossible.我尽力理解它, 但那几乎是不可能的。almost 一般不和 not 单独连用，但可以与 no, none, nothing , never 等连用，而 nearly 不可以与 no,none、nothing、never 等连用。房间里几乎没有东西。x)There is almost not anything in the room.(There is almost nothing in the room.(V)to "Around the World in Eight Hours ”欢迎来到“八小时环游世界”。welcome感叹词“

12、欢迎”。welcome to "欢迎来到.”.Welcome to China! 欢迎来中国！Welcome to our school. 欢迎来到我们学校。welcome的用法：及物动词“欢迎”。We're welcoming new students. 我们正在欢迎新同学。名词，意为“欢迎”。Let's give them a warm welcome. 让我们对他们的到来表示热烈的欢迎。作形容词，意为“受欢迎的”。He is a welcome teacher. 他是一位受欢迎的老师。you noticed the "Tour"icon at

13、 the top of the page你注意到网页顶端的“旅行”图标了吗 notice 及物动词“注意；注意到”。notice 接名司，也可接从句Did you notice the man in black 你注意到那个穿累衣服的男人了吗notice 及物动词，接代词作宾语，接分词或省略to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 notice 名词“通知；注意；察觉”。There are just two notices this week.本周只有两项通知。 notice sb./sth. 注意到某人/某物你走过时，他没有注意到He didn't notice you when you p

14、assed by.你。notice sth.注意到某人正在做某事I noticed a man stealing something in the room.我注意至 U有人在房间里偷东西。notice sth.注意到某人做了某事I noticed him repair his car yesterday.我注意至 U他昨天修车了。12.1. urther on is Times Square. 再往前走是时报广场。further副词“更远，较远”，是far的比较级。He walks a little further. 他又往前走了一点。furth er副词指在距离方面“更远， 较远”She&

15、#39; s too tired to go any further.她太累了以至于不能再往前走了。形容词表示抽象意义，指程度上“更多；更进 一,更深一层”If you need any further help, please phone us.如果你需要进一步的帮助，请给我们打电话。Many parents send their children to foreign countries for further study.彳艮多豕长送孩子去国外深造。farth er形容词/副词指表示跑离上的“更远， 较远”I can ' t go any farther.我再也走/、动了。Jim

16、 can jump father than his farther.吉姆比他弟弟跳的更远。year,thousands of people gather here on New Year's Eve.每年新年前夜，成千上万的人聚集在这里。thousands of ”成千上万的，数以千计的“。表示“成百上千的”“成千上万的”“数以百万的" hundred （百），thousand（千），million（百万）等词的复数形式加介词of。此时前面不能再加基数词或冠词Thousands of people came to the island last year.去年成千上万的人来到

17、这座岛上。The boy has read hundreds of books.这个男孩儿读过上百本书。hundred, thousand , million前有基数词或冠词时表示确切的数量时，它们必须用单数形式，后面也不能加介词 of。a hundred 一百 five thousand 五千 eight million 八百万's exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness!看到巨大的玻璃球在黑暗中落下，真是太让人兴奋了!huge形容词“巨大的”。There is a huge building

18、near the river.I have a huge pile of letters to deal with.河边有愤大楼。huge一般表示体积大，常用于指程度、数量、规根等，不强调重量big指面权、范围、重量或体积等是“大的”，常用于口语中，修饰人或物larg e侧重指教量、容积、体积或面积之大，一般不用于指人。修饰物时，能 和big互接，但比big正式grea t常指抽象的事物，带有主观色彩。可表示数量、距肉或程度，修饰人时， 意为“伟大的”我有一大堆信件要处理The huge rock on top of the mountain looks like a monkey.这座山顶部

19、的那块巨石看起来像只猴子。This pair of shoes is too big for me .这双鞋我穿太大了This room is large/big enough to hold twenty people.这个房间大得足以容纳20个人China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的伟大国家。15. glass 不可数名词“玻璃”Be careful with the glass. 当心这些玻璃。 glass 可数名词“玻璃杯”。a glass of milk 一杯牛奶two glasses of orange 两

20、杯橙汁 glasses 复数名词，意为“眼镜”。He often wears a pair of glasses. 他经常戴着一副眼镜。(fell,fallen) 不及物动词“落下，跌落”。One of the birds fell into the river.有一只鸟儿掉进了河里 fall 可数名词“秋天”，为美式表达。I like the fall best of the four seasons.四个季节之中我最喜欢秋天。 fall 名词“瀑布”，常用复数形式。What beautiful falls! 多美的瀑布啊！several lakes,hills and a large gr

21、een lawn,it's a good place to relax after a hardday's work.公园内有几个湖泊、几座小山和一大片绿色的草坪，是人们辛苦工作一天之后放松的好去处。with several lakes ， hills and a large green lawn 介词短语，with “带有；伴随”。With a smile on his face,he walked into the classroom.他面带微笑走进了教室。限定词“几个，数个”。several 修饰可数名词复数形式。several years 几年 several chil

22、dren 几个孩子不及物动词“放松”，也可以作及物动词。形容词 relaxing “令人放松的”， relaxed “感到放松的”。You can relax by listening to music.你可以通过听音乐来放松。You can relax yourselves if you are too nervous.如果太紧张，你们可以放松一下。1 felt relaxed after watching the relaxing TV play.看完这部令人放松的电视剧后我感觉放松。形容词“辛苦的，艰难的”。They did hard work every day. 他们每天做辛苦的工作

23、。 hard 形容词“硬的；困难的；强烈的”。The maths problem is very you help me这道数学题很难，你能帮助我吗 hard 副词“努力地；稀烈地”。 hardly 副词“几乎不”Students should work hard at school. 学生们在校应当努力学习。It was raining so hard that I could hardly see the road.雨下得如此大，我几乎看不到路了。21. day's是名词day的所有格形式。表示时间、长度等的名词，可以在词尾加“s”构成名词所有格形式。an hour's w

24、alk 一小时的步行路程three days' work 三天的工作has been famous for its theaters since the early twentieth century.自20世纪初期以来，它就以其剧院而闻名。be famous for "因而着名”，接表示人或事物某方面的特点、特长等的名词。出名的原因Mr White is famous for his novels.怀特先生以他的小说而闻名。be famous as "作为而闻名”，接表示身份、职业等的名词。He is famous as a basketball player.他

25、作为一名篮球运动员而闻名。early twentieth century“20 世纪初期”。“20 世纪晚期"用 the late twentieth century 。comes from the famous Broadway musical Cats.它来自着名的百老汇音乐剧猫。musical 可数名词“音乐居。Now more and more people like to watch musicals.现在越来越多的人喜欢看音乐刷。musical形容词“音乐的，悦耳的，有音乐天赋的”。Their children are musical.他们的孩子有音乐大欧。another

26、 city and then start your new tour选择另一座城市，然后开始你新的旅行！start及物动词“开始”，接名词作宾语。start 接动词不定式 start to do sth.或动名词 start doing sth表示“开始做某事”，两者在用法上没有明显差别。My father started to work when he was sixteen years old.我父亲在16 岁时就开始工作了。He started learning English in 2001. 他在 2001 年开始学习英语。start “发动；发起；启动；开办；出发”等。I coul

27、dn't start that car.我不能发动那辆汽车。Do you know how to start the computer 你知道如何启动这台电脑吗可数名词“旅行”make a tour around the world 环球旅行go on a tour 去旅行play filled with many songs 包含许多首歌曲的戏剧play 可数名词“戏剧，剧本”。Some people don't like watching plays. 有些人不喜欢看戏剧。28. be filled with ”装满；充满”，别ed是动词fill的过去分词。 filled

28、“填满，充满”，形容词full （满的） ，f川 和full的反义词都是empty （倒空；空的）。be filled with=be full of ，其主语通常为物。The cup is filled with water.=The cup is full of water.杯子里装满了水。fill.with ”用.把.装满"，with接物质名词。Please fill my cup with water. 请把我的杯子装满水。 filled with many songs 是过去分词短语作后置定语。My father likes reading books written by

29、 Lu Xun.爸爸喜欢看鲁迅写的书。1 have a good friend called Tom. 我有个好朋友，名叫汤姆。than two 超过两个more than “超过，多于”， =overmore than 的反义词组是less than ， “不到” 。We planted more than one hundred trees. 我们裁了一百多棵树。The young man is less than twenty years old.这个年轻人不到20岁。more than 后面可跟名词， “不只是，不仅仅是”。Kate was more than a also did w

30、hat she could to take care of her students.凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾地的学生。website helps people buy tickets to different places.这个网站帮助人们购买去不同地方的票。 help sb.(to)do sth. “帮助某人做某事”， help 后作宾补的不定式带to 或不带 to 均可， =help sth. 意思相同。He often helps me (to)study English.=He often helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。 help

31、 oneself to sth. 随便吃 /喝某物Help yourselves to some fish,children. 孩子们，随使吃些鱼吧。't help doing.禁不住做She can't help laughing. 她禁不住笑了。York is also called “ the Big Apple ” . 纽约也叫“大苹果”。这是一个被动语态的句子，谓语is called 意为“被叫做”。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态谓语动词的构成为“be+及物动词的过去分词”Many pe

32、ople speak English. 许多人讲英语。(主动语态)主语谓语动词宾语Englishisspokenbymany people. 英语被许多人讲。(被动语态)主语be+过去分词by+主动语态中的主语are no hills or lakes in Central Park.在中央公园没有小山和湖泊。no 形容词“没有”，可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。We found no students in the classroom. 在教室里我们没有发现学生。There is no milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛好。相当于not.a ( n) 。We saw no trees

33、 there.=We did not see any trees there. 在那儿我们没有看到树。1 have no bike.=Ido not have a bike. 我没有自行车。sounds great. 那听起来很棒。sound 连系动词“听起来”，后面常接形容词作表语，接介词 like,sound like “听起来像”。The story sounds boring. 这个故事听起来很无聊。sound名词“声音”,指自然界中所有的声音，可以是悦耳的声音，也可以是噪音。We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一个奇怪的声音。初中阶段出现的连系动词有：一 “

34、是"(be), 一 “感觉” (feel), 一 “保持”(keep),三个“变得"(become get, turn),四个“起来” (look , sound,smell , taste)。它们中除be和become等可接名词作表语外，一般都接形容词作表语。you ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport你曾经梦想过不用护照环游世界吗dream的过去分词dreamt,dream动词时（ 1）做梦，梦见，梦到（常和of/about 连用）I dreamt of/about you. 我梦见了

35、你。2 2） 向往；渴望；想象That boy dreams of becoming a pilot. 那个男孩儿一心想当飞行员。I have dreamed of visiting America. 我曾渴望参观美国。dream可数名词“梦，梦想”。I saw him in a dream. 我在梦中遇见了他。My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。around the world “环游世界”。If I have enough money,I will travel around the world如果我有足够的钱，我将环游世界。37. wit

36、hout 介词“没有”，之后要接名词、代词或动名词。由它构成的介词短语常位于句首或句末作状语。Man can't live without water. 没有水人就不能活。She entered the room without knocking. 她没敲门就进了房同。38. You can realize your dream by taking an online tour.你可以通过进行一次在线旅行实现你的梦想。by taking an online tour“通过进行一次在线旅行”by ”通过.靠.的方式”，后面常接动词的-ing形式，表示“通过某种方 式获得某种结果”。My

37、elder sister learns English by joining an English language club.我姐姐通过加入英语语言俱乐部学习英语。They raised some money by selling newspapers and Christmascards.他们通过卖报纸和圣诞卡筹集了一些钱。“ by+V-ing ”结构常用来回答 How do you. 或 How can . 之类的问句。一 How do you usually learn Chinese 你通常怎样学习汉语 I learn Chinese by reading aloud. 我通过朗读学

38、习汉语。 How can I turn off the TV 我怎样才能关上电视一 By pressing the red button. 按那个红色的按钮。learn about a city. 要了解一座城市learn about “了解，获悉”。I want to learn about the earthquake. 我想了解这次地震的情况。about 介词“有关，关于”，常与 learn,write,talk ， read,know 等动词搭配。I don't know him ， but I know about him.我不认识他，但知道一些有关他的事情。seasons

39、are the opposite of ours. 澳大利亚的季节和我们的相反。opposite 名词“对立的人或物”Hot is the opposite of cold. 热与冷相反。opposite的词性和用法:词性用法例句介词在. 对回 ,=across from ,常于名词,起构成介 词短语，表方位They live opposite the bank.他们住在银行对面。形容词另一边的，对面的；相反的We live on the opposite side of the road.我们住在马路对回0副词在对回There' s an old manliving opposite

40、.有一个老人住在对回。名词“相反的人或物，对立面”， 常于介词of连用“Tall ” is the opposite of “short ” .“高”是“矮”的反义词。you mind showing me how to start this online tour你介意给我演示一下怎样开始这次在线旅行吗Would you mind doing sth"你介意做某事吗”，多用来提出客气的请求。Would you mind closing the door 关上门好吗Would you mind turning down the music你介意把音乐声关小一点儿吗how to sta

41、rt this online tour作动词 show的宾语。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。When to start is a problem.（作主语）何时动身是个问题。He hasn't decided what to eat for lunch.（作宾语）他还没有决定午饭 吃什么作表语）问题在于到哪里去。The question was where to go.(42. If you click on the “ Camera” icon,you can see many pictures of the city.如果你点击“照相机”图标，你就可

42、以看到这座城市的许多图片。 if 条件状语从句，主句含有情态动词，if 引导的从句用一般现在时。If you want to lose weight, you should eat less bread.主将从现，主句一般将来时（或主句为祈使旬、主句含情态动词），if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时If it rains tomorrow,I won't go to the park.如果明天下雨，我将不去公园。Go to see a doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，就去看医生。 if 引导的条件状语从句，可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。当放中在主句

43、前面时，多用逗号同主句隔开。for your help,Millie. 米莉，谢谢你的帮助。thanks for. “因而感谢你” ,=thank you for.Thanks/Thank you for helping me with my homework. 谢谢你帮我做作业。pleasure. 不客气。My pleasure. 用于回答别人的道谢， “不客气”。pleasure 名词， “快乐；乐趣；愉快”。 Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 My pleasure. 不客气。with pleasure “高兴地；愉快地”，常用于回答别人的请求。 Could

44、you help me 你能帮帮我吗 With pleasure. 乐意效劳/我很乐意。tickets and hotels 预定票和宾馆 book 及物动词“预定，订（房间，车票） ”My father has booked two rooms 我父亲已预订了两个房间。 book 可数名词“书”。1 love reading history books. 我喜欢读历史书。English 日常英语 daily 形容词“每日的，日常的”， =everyday.Computers play an important role in our daily life.计算机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作

45、用。 daily 可数名词， “日报” ，其复数形式为dailies.People's Daily 人民日报像 daily 一样既可以作形容词又可以作名词的还有：monthly 每月的；月刊weekly 每周的；周刊，周报He is reading a weekly newspaper. 他正在看一份周报。meals 订餐order及物动词“向订购；叫菜”。order .=order sb. “给某人订购某物；为某人叫某物”。He ordered his son a new suit.=He ordered a new suit for his son.他为儿子订购了一套新衣服。 or

46、der 及物动词， “命令” 。order do sth. “命今某人做某事”。The boss ordered the man to finish the work in two hours.老板命令那个人在两个小时内完成工作。order可数名词，“次序，命令”。The words are all written in alphabetical order.这些单词都是按照字母表的顺序写的。He gave orders for the work to be started.他下令开始工作。 in order to“为了”。He got up very early in order to ca

47、tch the first bus.为了赶早班公共汽车，他起得很平。order宾语通常是饭菜、衣物、货物等， 常与衣食切大Have you order your dinner你点晚餐了吗book宾语是房间、宾馆和车（船、飞机）票等，They book all the rooms.常与住行有关他们订下了所有的房间。is made up of England,Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland.它由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。be made up of "由组成”。T he basketball team is made up of 12 players.这支篮球队由 12 名队员组成。be made in "在制造"。This kind of mac