高中动词不定式的用法(课堂PPT)

1、定义定义不定式是动词的一种非限定形式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式, ,由由 “to+动词原形动词原形” 构成，没有人称和构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、补足语、主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语表语、定语、状语等。等。一一. 不定式在句中的功能不定式在句中的功能1. 作主语作主语:眼见为实眼见为实.To see is to believe.为避免句子出现为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻头重脚轻”现象，常用现象，常用it 做形式主语，将真正主

2、语的不定式后置。做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。要学好英语不是那么容易的。要学好英语不是那么容易的。e.g. It is not easy to learn English well.2. 作宾语作宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。她喜欢谈论这件事情。e.g. She loves to talk about the matter.他希望不久能找到工作。他希望不久能找到工作。He hopes to find a job soon.他答应不把这事告诉任何人。他答应不把这事告诉任何人。He promised not to tell anyone about it.4I want to go home.Th

3、e workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.think/consider/feel/find it + adj.+ to do 5点击规律点击规律：在在find feel think consider + it + adj+ to do sth句型中，句型中，it是形式宾语是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语为形式宾语)如：如： The man do

4、wnstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text6巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀： 想要拒绝莫忘记想要拒绝莫忘记 （want, refuse, forget） 需要努力就学习需要努力就学习 （need, try, learn） 喜欢帮助加同意喜欢帮助加同意 （like help agree ） 希望决定后开始希望决定后开始 （hope, decide, begin, start）7点击规律：点击规律：有些动词后面除接不定式外有些动词后面除接不定式外, 还可以接动名词还可

5、以接动名词, 意意思区别不大。思区别不大。提示板：提示板： doing指经常性动作指经常性动作，而，而 to do指一次性的动作指一次性的动作。I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。但我现在不想游。 beginstart to do sth beginstart doing sth 8 后面只接动名词做宾的动词后面只接动名词做宾的动词 实践完成听建议实践完成听建议 practice finish suggest 习惯继续别放弃习惯继续别放弃 be used to keep on give up 喜欢思念忙介

6、意喜欢思念忙介意 enjoy miss be busy mind 不禁考虑会想你不禁考虑会想你 cant help consider feel like 92) 思考思考: 巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词意思有较大的区别？意思有较大的区别？记住要努力记住要努力，（，（remember want try )需要别忘记需要别忘记； (need forget )后悔没尽力后悔没尽力， ( regret try )意思要停止意思要停止。 ( mean require stop ) 返回10 1. remember to do sth 记住要做某事记住要做某事 You must

7、 remember to lock the door when you leave 2. remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事记得曾做过某事 I remember locking the front door 3. forget to do sth 忘记要做某事忘记要做某事 He forgot to do his homework yesterday 4. forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事忘记曾做过某事 I forgot saying this thing to you 5. try to do sth 努力做某事努力做某事 He tries to answer

8、 each question 6. try doing sth 试着做某事试着做某事 I tried singing an English song 11 7. mean to do sth 打算做某事打算做某事 We mean to travel abroad next year 我们明年打算去国外旅行 8. mean doing sth 意味着意味着 It means waiting for him another hour 这意味着要再等一个小时这意味着要再等一个小时 9. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事 Stop to have a rest if

9、you are tired 10. stop doing sth 停止做某事停止做某事 Although it rained heavily , the farmers didnt stop working in the field 虽然雨下得很大，农民们却没有停虽然雨下得很大，农民们却没有停止在田间劳动止在田间劳动12 11. regret to do sth 对现在发生的事表示对现在发生的事表示“遗憾遗憾” We regret to inform you that you owe the bank $ 100 我们很遗憾地通知你，你欠银行我们很遗憾地通知你，你欠银行100美元美元 12.

10、regret doing sth 对发生过的事表示对发生过的事表示“后悔后悔” He regretted playing computer games.他后悔玩电脑游戏他后悔玩电脑游戏 13. go on to do sth 做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事 14. go on doing sth继续做原来所做的同一件事继续做原来所做的同一件事 你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？ Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗下一步干什么你决定了吗? Have you decided wh

11、at to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器。我来问他怎么样开这机器。 Ill ask him how to operate the machine.1) 不定式有时和连接代词不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。副词构成宾语。2) 有时不定式由有时不定式由whether引起。引起。 I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，等动词后如果是不定式做宾语， 补语是形容词补语是形容词(间或是名词间或是名词)，常

12、用，常用it作形作形 式宾语，把不定式后移。式宾语，把不定式后移。 I find it difficult to work with him.She asked me to stay there.Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.Father will not allow us to play on the street.My brother asked me to clean the room with him.3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语: 动词动词+宾语宾语+带带to的不定式的不定式 常带常带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有

13、的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等等.在主动结构中在主动结构中, 下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略省略to: “五看五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使三使”(make, l

14、et, have) “两听两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉一感觉”(feel)。e.g. Who made him work all night long? The policeman saw a child play in the street. Dont make the children do such heavy work. Shall I have him come here?但是但是, 改为被动结构后改为被动结构后, 应补出省略的应补出省略的to。e.g. He was seen to break the window.The policeman saw a chi

15、ld play in the street. A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.4. 作表语作表语不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。My work is to clean the room every day.我的梦想是成为一名医生。我的梦想是成为一名医生。His dream is to be a doctor.我的工作是帮助病人。我的工作是帮助病人。My job is to help the patient 5. 作定语作定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往不定式放在

16、被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。表示未发生的动作。I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come to school.I have some books for you to read. She is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. 6. 作状语作状语目的状语目的状语: 常用的结构常用的结构to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.I co

17、me here to say good-bye to you.结果状语结果状语: 常与常与only , enough 或或too连用。连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.原因状语原因状语: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.二二. 不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由不定式的否定结构多由“not +不定式不定式”构成，构成， 否定副词否定副词 not, never, seldom, h

18、ardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检查名字为了不犯错误。她检查名字为了不犯错误。She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.三三. 不定式的时态：不定式的时态： 一般时一般时表示的动作表示的动作, 有时与谓语动词表示的有时与谓语动词表示的 动作同时发生动作同时发生, 有时发生在谓语动词表示的有时发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之后。动作之后。 He seems to know thi

19、s.他似乎知道这事。他似乎知道这事。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。我希望再见到你。2. 完成时完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之前。动作之前。 很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.Practice She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. restin

20、g C. to rest D. rest2. Were planning _ a party next week. A. to have B. have C. having D. had C A 3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? -Neither. A. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend4. Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven? A. When to take B. to take C. hav

21、e taken D. being takenB A 5. _ get a complete picture, further information is needed. A. In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have 6. Its necessary _ some English grammar. A. for students to learn B. for students learning C. of students to learn D. of students learningB A 7. I ought to _ him

22、the news, but I forgot to do so. A. remember to tell B. remember telling C. have remembered to tell D. have remembered tellingC 高考链接高考链接1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. ( (2008全国全国I卷卷) ) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB 2. Did th

23、e book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. findingA 4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷湖南卷) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete5. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing