初中英语语法之宾语从句

1、宾语从句一、什么是宾语1. 及物动词后直接接宾语:tell sb. about sth.2. 形容词后接宾语:surprising news3. 介词后接宾语:be proud of sth二、宾语从句的引导词1、从属连词:that,if, whetherThat引导表示陈述句的宾语从句。Eg: He told me (that he would go to the college the next year.我认为他这个周六不会来了。_爸爸说他这次不会帮我了。_If 和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。Eg: Will there be a bus any more? (

2、I dont knowI dont know if there will be a bus any more.If 和whether 的区别:If引导宾从,表是否。也可以引导条件状语从句,表如果。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go with you.Whether只能引导宾从,表是否,但可以和or not 连用。Nobody knows whether he could pass the exam or not.2、连接代词:who, whom, whose, what和连接副词:when, where, why, how 引导特殊疑问句的宾语从句。Eg

3、: What do kind people do? (The book will show youThe book will show you what the kind people do.他没有告诉我我们什么时候还能见面。_你能不能告诉我应该怎么用这台新电脑。_从以上的句子中,我们可以看出,宾语从句中无论主句使用哪种语序,从句都要用_.三、宾语从句中的时态1. 主过从过:The children didnt know who he was.2. 主现从随便:He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.I dont know when he

4、 will go abroad.3. 客观真理一般现:We all know that light travels faster than sound.地理老师告诉我们,地球围绕太阳转。_四、宾语从句的简化1. 当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, agree等主观决定有关的词,并且宾语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可以简化为v. + to do结构Eg. Li Ming hopes that he will come back soon.Li Ming hopes to come back soon.We decided that we would help him.2. 当

5、主句的谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等与记忆相关的词,并且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为特殊疑问词+to do结构。Eg: She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open the window.我还是不知道应该读那本书。_3. 也可以这样简化:Could you please tell me how I can get to the station?Could you please tell me how to get to the

6、 station?因此,疑问词+to do等同于宾语从句。五、宾语从句的分类1、动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句Eg: We all know that studying English is good for us.I believe that you will win in the football game.Do you think that maths is difficult for many girls?2、介词的宾语从句用whether之类引导的介词宾语从句Eg: We are talking about whether we should choose Tom as

7、 our monitor.The new book is about how we can keep healthy in our daily life.3、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry等。Eg: I am sure that I will pass the exam.Im sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that his father will come to see him.随堂测试:一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复

8、合句。1.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4.C

9、an they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5.Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.7.How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8.Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her c

10、ar?9.What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10.Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I dont know _ _ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I don't know _ he still _ in that street.12. What's his na

11、me? I asked him.I asked him what _ _ _.二、选择填空。( 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next weekB. what colour was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spring( 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he fromB. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come backD. no

12、t to be so angry( 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the carB. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spent on the car( 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will

13、 leave for Paris ( 5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. where you live in( 6. I can't understand _the boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leaveC. why she had leftD. why had she left( 7. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. riseB.

14、roseC. risesD. had risen( 8.I don't know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he getB. why he getsC. why does he getD. why he got( 9. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matterB. what the matter wasC. what the matter isD. what's the matter( 10. He asked his father _.A. where it happ

15、ensB. where did it happenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen( 11. No one tells us_, so we need your help.A. how we should doB. what should we doC. how to do itD. what to do it( 12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how checkB. to checkC. how to checkD. to how checking ( 13.They don'

16、t know _their parents are.A thatB whatC whyD which( 14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set?Sorry, I've no idea.A./, boughtB. has, boughtC. did, buyD. did bought( 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years.A. how, anotherB. what, moreC. how ,otherD. what

17、, another三、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me _ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.(how, why2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today?(who, whom3. She said _ it wouldn't matter much.(that, if4. He always thinks _ he can do better.(how, who5. I really don't know _ the bridge will be

18、finished.(how long, how soon6. They don't know _ to go or wait. (if, whether7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what9. I don't know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what四、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is?4. Our father said that he _ (will buy a new computer.