定语从句(课堂PPT)

1、 高考热点探析之高考热点探析之定语从句定语从句2eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词放在名词或代词名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副关系代词或关系副词词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。3考点一、考查非限定性定语从句考点一、考查非限定性定语从句We are going to hold a school sports meeting, which is held to enrich our

2、 school life.非限定性定语从句的关系词为：1.关系代词which，who ，whom，whose2.关系副词when where why不能用thatas 和which引导非限定性定语从句时，as和which都能指代整个句子，区别在于as引导定语从句可以在主句之前，之后或中间，可以翻译为“正如，正像”当从句的谓语动词是be announced/ expected/known/reported/said/imagined/shown等被动形式，常用as，而which只能放在主句的后面，没有意思as5典例精析典例精析1.(2017.全国卷）But Sarah, _has taken p

3、art in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty2.(2016.全国卷卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.3.(2016.全国卷） But my connection with pandas goes back to my days

4、on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.whowhowhen6考点二、考查关系代词考点二、考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句Mr. King，whose legs were badly hurt，was taken to the hospital.They live in a room whose window

5、 opens to the south 指人，引导非限定性定语从句指物，引导限定性定语从句表示所属关系，译为“的”7典例精析典例精析1.(2015.四川卷）The book on the desk，_ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.2.(2014.山东卷）A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.3.(2013.福建卷）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes

6、 of those_ lives were affected.whose whosewhose8考点三、考查考点三、考查“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which/whom）”引导定语从句引导定语从句当先行词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成介词+关系代词（which/whom）的结构注意：近几年在考查这个类型的定语从句中，摒弃了往年考查介词的选择，而是仅考查对“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的识别，降低了难度Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?9典例精析典例精析1.(2015.安徽卷）Some expe

7、rts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.2.(2014.重庆卷）He wrote many childrens book, nearly half of _ were published in the 19903.(2014.天津卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of_ uses it differently4.(2013.辽宁卷）He may win the competition, in

8、_ case he is likely to get into the national team5.(2013.浙江卷）The children, all of _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.whichwhichwhichwhichwhom10考点四、考查关系代词和关系副词的区别使用考点四、考查关系代词和关系副词的区别使用判断是用关系代词还是关系副词，首先要找出先行词，判断是用关系代词还是关系副词，首先要找出先行词，再次判断先行词在从句中所做的成分，关系代词要再次判断先行词在从句中所做的成分，关系代词要在定语从句中充当主语或宾语

9、，关系副词要在定语在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，关系副词要在定语从句中做状语。从句中做状语。注意：如果先行词是时间，地点或原因，不能注意：如果先行词是时间，地点或原因，不能从意思上判断就一定选择从意思上判断就一定选择when where 或或why11典例精析典例精析1.(2015.全国 卷）Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourist seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_ are pictured by artist in so many

10、Chinese paintings.2.(2015.湖南卷）It is truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages3.(2014.安徽卷）The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008which/ thatwhichwhich12考点五、考查定语从句的分割现在考点五、考查定语从句的分割现在There are

11、 many thousands of stars in the sky that are likethe sunDo you remember one afternoon ten years ago when Icame to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?13典例精析典例精析1.(2014.北京卷）I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_ my classmates recommended to me.2.(2012.浙江卷）Ellen was a

12、painter of birds and of nature， _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.whichwho定语从句中的五个易混点定语从句中的五个易混点 定语从句定语从句VSVS强调句型强调句型It was Nov.11, 2011 when they got married.2.定语从句VS同位语从句The fact that he told us is very important.It was on Nov.11, 2011 when they got married.The fact that he

13、had not said anything surprised everybody. 153.3.定语从句定语从句VSVS并列句并列句 Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.Jim passed the driving test, and it/this/that surprised everybody in the office.4.One of / the (only) one of4.One of / the (only) one ofHe is one of the boys who h

14、ave passed the examHe is the (only) one of the boys who has passed the exam165.The way 5.The way 做先行词是，从句引导词的选做先行词是，从句引导词的选择择 The way （that/which/省略）省略）he explained to us was quite simpleThe way （that/ in which/省略）省略）he explained to us was quite simple17总结判断定语从句的关系词，要遵循八字口诀即一看（先行词） 二析（从句成分） 三思（特殊情况）

15、 四选（关系词）applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen (which) I

16、wrote with just now? 4.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 ( (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略, ,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books

17、?211)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.注意: 固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不

18、可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 关系代词与介词关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前介词放在关系代词的前面时面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物, 用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)22 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数序数词词修饰时修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I

19、 have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是先行词是 something, nothing, anything等等不定代词不定代词时时 Here is something( that) I will tell you.233.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是先行词是on

20、e of,the one, 或用或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修饰时作修饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，用时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 24注注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但

21、下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone, someone, those时，时，关系词使用关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词关系词用用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.25 关系

22、副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样代词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状语作状语。 where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel (whi

23、ch) we stayed at wasnt clean.262.Ill never forget the day. I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League .(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is

24、very who famous in the world. whom that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new. which (3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with. whom This

25、is the best film that I have ever seen. 29 单项选择。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw

26、who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACBDB306. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Ha

27、nds up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B.who C.