1980年联合国国际货物买卖协议合同公约中英对照版

1、/*一、1980年联合国国际货物买卖合同公约 英文Un ited Nati ons Conven ti on on Con tracts forIntern ati onal Sale of GoodstheTHE STATES P ARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, BEARING IN MIND the broad objectives in resolutions adopted by the sixth special session of General Assembly of the United Nations on establishme nt of a Ne

2、w Intern ati onal Econo mic Order, CONSIDERING that the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual ben efit is imp orta nt eleme nt in pro mot ing frien dly relati ons among States, BEING OF THE OP INION that the ado ption of un iform rules which gover n con tracts for th

3、e intern ati onal sale of goods and take into acco unt the differe nt social, econo mic and legal systems would con tribute to the removal of legal barriers in intern ati onal trade and p romote the devel opment of intern ati onal trade, HAVE DECREED as follows:PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENER

4、ALthethetheanP ROVISIONSCha pter I SP HERE OF APP LICATIONArticle 1(1) This Conven ti on app lies to con tracts of sale of goods betwee n p arties whose p laces of bus in ess are in differe nt States:(a) whe n the States are Con tract ing States; or(b) whe n the rules of p rivate intern ati on al la

5、w lead to the app licati on of the law of a Con tract ing State.(2) The fact that the p arties have their p laces of bus in ess in differe nt States is to be disregarded whe never this fact does not app ear either from the con tract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the

6、 parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the con tract.(3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the p arties or of the con tract is to be take n into con siderati on in determ ining the app licati on of this Conven tio n.Article 2This Conven ti o

7、n does not apply to sales:中文联合国国际货物销售合同公约1980年4月11日订于维也纳 本公约各缔约国铭记联合国大 会第六届特别会议通过的关于建立 新的国际经济秩序的各项决议的广 泛目标，考虑到在平等互利基础上 发展国际贸易是促进各国间友好关 系的一个重要因素，认为采用照顾 到不同的社会、经济和法律制度的 国际货物销售合同统一规则，将有 助于减少国际贸易的法律障碍，促 进国际贸易的发展，兹协议如下：第一部分 适用范围和总则第一章适用范围第一条(1)本公约适用于 营业地在不同 国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销 售合同：(a) 如果这些国家是缔约国；或(b) 如果国际私法规

8、则导致适用 某一缔约国的法律。扩大适用，国 际私法规范(2)当事人营业地在不同国家的 事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前 任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之 间的任何交易或当事人透露的情报 均看不出，应不予考虑。(3)在确定本公约的适用时，当 事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事 或商业性质，应不予考虑。(不是国籍标准) 第二条本公约不适用于以下的销售：排除条件电令私卖船票(a) 购供私人、家人或家庭使用 的货物的销售，除非卖方在订立合 同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道 而且没有理由知道这些货物是购供 任何这种使用；消费者权益保护(b) 经由拍卖的销售；(特殊规则)(C)根据法律执行令状或其它令 状的销售；(

9、特殊)(d) 公债、股票、投资证券、流 通票据或货币的销售；金融法(e) 船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机 的销售；(需要登记)(f) 无形)(a) of goods bought for person al, family or household use, uni ess the seller, at any time before or at the con clusi on of the con tract, n either knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use;(b) by auct

10、ion;；(c) on executi on or otherwise by authority of law;(d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable. in strume nts or mon ey;(e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft;.(f) of electricity.(1) Con tracts for the supply of goods to be manu facturedor p roduced are to be con sidered sal

11、es uni ess the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture p roduct ion.(2) This Conven ti on does not apply to con tracts in which the prepon dera nt part of the obligati ons of the p arty who furnishes the goods consists in the

12、 supply of labour other services.oror第三条|(货物)(1) 供应尚待制造或生产的货物 的合同应视为销售合同，除非订购 货物的当事人保证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部分重要材料。 三来 一补例外(2) 本公约不适用于供应货物一 方的绝大部分义务在于供应劳力或 其它服务的合同。劳务例外Article 4This Convention governs only the formation of the con tract of sale and the rights and obligati ons of the seller and the buyer aris

13、 ing from such a con tract .In p articular, exce pt as otherwiseexp resslyp rovided in thisConven tio n, it is not concerned with:(a) the validity of the con tract or of any of its p rovisi ons or of any usage;(b) the effect which the con tract may have on the prop ertyin the goods sold.(法国是合同订立时转移，

14、德国另外 订立物权合同，美国是特定化后转移所有权，英国是 特定化后在以当事人的意图决定所有权，我国是动产 按照占用交货时转移，不动产按登记。)Article 5This Convention does not apply to the liability of seller for death or personal injury caused by the goods totheany person.Article 6The parties may exclude the applicationof this第四条 各国不同本公约只适用于销售合同的订立和 卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权 利和

15、义务。特别是，本公约除非另 有明文规定，与以下事项无关：(a) 合同的效力，或其任何条款 的效力，或任何惯例的效力；(b) 合同对所售货物所有权可能 产生的影响。有贸易术语的用贸易术语，没有的 用公约I第五条本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任 何人所造成的死亡或伤害的责任。产品责任例外第六条约定免除双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或Article 3Conven tio n or, subject to article 12, derogate from or vary the effect of any of its p rovisi ons.在第十二条的条件下，减损本公约 的任何规定或改变其效力。

16、Cha pter II GENERAL P ROVISIONSArticle 7(1) In the interp retatio n of this Conven ti on, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote un iformity in its app licati on and the observa neeof good faith in intern atio nal trade.(2) Questions concerning matters governed

17、 by this Conven tio n which are not exp ressly settled in it are to be settled in con formity with the gen eral principles on whichit is based or, in the absenee of such principles, in con formity with the law app licable by virtue of the rules of p rivate intern atio nal law.第二章总则 第七条条约的解释(1) 在解释本公

18、约时，应考虑到 本公约的国际性质和促进其适用的 统一以及在国际贸易上遵守诚信的 需要。(2) 凡本公约未明确解决的属于 本公约范围的问题，应按照本公约 所依据的一般原则来解决，在没有 一般原则的情况下，则应按照国际 私法规定适用的法律来解决。Article 8(1) For the purpo ses of this Conven ti on stateme nts made by and other con duct of a p arty are to be interp reted according to his intent where the other party knew or

19、 could not have bee n un aware what that intent was.(2) If the p recedi ng p aragra ph is not app licable, stateme nts made by and other con duct of a party are to be interp reted accord ing to the un dersta nding that a reason able person of the same kind as the other party would have had in the sa

20、me circumsta nces.(3) In determining the intent of a party or the un dersta nding a reas on able person would have had, due con siderati on is to be give n to all releva nt circumsta nces of the case in clud ing the n egotiati ons, any p ractices which the p arties have established betwee n themselv

21、es, usages and any subseque nt con duct of the p arties.第八条(1) 为本公约的目的，一方当事 人所作的声明和其它行为，应依照 他的意旨解释，如果另一方当事人 已知道或者不可能不知道此一意 旨。(2) 如果上一款的规定不适用， 当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应 按照一个与另一方当事人同等资 格、通情达理的人处于相同情况中, 应有的理解来解释。(3) 在确定一方当事人的意旨或 一个通情达理的人应有的理解时， 应适当地考虑到与事实有关的一切 情况，包括谈判情形、当事人之间 确立的任何习惯作法、惯例和当事 人其后的任何行为。Article 9(1

22、) The p arties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed and by any p ractices which they have established betwee n themselves.(2) The p arties are con sidered, uni ess otherwise agreed, to have imp liedly made app licable to their con tract or its formati on a usage of which the p arties kne

23、w or ought to have known and which in international trade is widely known to, and regularly observed by, p arties to con tracts第九条(1) 双方当事人业已同意的任何 惯例和他们之间确立的任何习惯做 法，对双方当事人均有约束力。(2) 除非另有协议，双方当事人 应视为已默示地同意对他们的合同 或合同的订立适用双方当事人已知 道或理应知道的惯例，而这种惯例, 在国际贸易上，已为有关特定贸易 所涉同类合同的当事人所广泛知道of the type in volved in t

24、he p articular trade concern ed.Article 10For the purp oses of this Conven tio n:(a) if a party has more tha n one p lace of bus in ess, the p lace of bus in ess is that which has the closest relationship to the con tract and its p erforma nee, havi ng regard to the circumsta nces known to or contem

25、p lated by the p arties at any time before or at the con clusi on of the con tract;(b) if a party does not have a p lace of bus in ess, reference is to be made to his habitual reside nee .并为他们所经常遵守。第十条为本公约的目的：(a) 如果当事人有一个以上的营 业地，则以与合同及合同的履行关 系最密切的营业地为其营业地，但 要考虑到双方当事人在订立合同前 任何时候或订立合同时所知道或所 设想的情况；(b)

26、如果当事人没有营业地，则 以其惯常居住地为准。Article 11A con tract of sale n eed not be con cluded in or evide needby writi ng and is not subject to any other requireme nt as to form. It may wit nesses.be Proved by any means, including第十一条合同形式销售合同无须以书面订立或书面证 明，在形式方面也不受任何其它条 件的限制。销售合同可以用包括人 证在内的任何方法证明。Article 12article 11

27、, article 29 or Part II of thisallows a con tract of sale or itsAny provision of Conven tio n that modificati on or term in ati on by agreeme nt or any offer, acce ptance or other in dicati on of inten ti on to be made in any form other tha n in writi ng does not apply where any party has his p lace

28、 of bus in ess in a Con tract ing State which has made a declaration under article 96 of thisConvention. The parties may not derogate from or vary the effect or this article.Article 13For the purposes of this Convention "writing" includes telegram and telex.P ART II FORMATION OF THE CONTRA

29、CTArticle 14(1) A propo sal for con cludi ng a con tract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it sufficie ntly defi nite and in dicates the inten ti on of the offer or to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal sufficie ntly defi nite if it in dicates the goods and ex

30、p ressly or imp licitly fixes or makes p rovisi on for determ ining the qua ntity and the p rice.(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as anisis第十二条本公约第十一条、第二十九条或第 二部分准许销售合同或其更改或根 据协议终止，或者任何要约、承诺 或其它意旨表示得以书面以外任何 形式做出的任何规定不适用，如果 任何一方当事人的营业地

31、是在已按 照本公约第九十六条做出了声明的 一个缔约国内，各当事人不得减损 本条或改变其效力。第十三条为本公约的目的，“书面”包括电报 和电传。第二部分合同的订立 重点 第十四条I要约定义(1)向一个或一个以上特定的人 提出的订立合同的建议，如果十分 确定并且表明要约人在得到承诺 时承受约束的意旨，即构成要约。 一个建议如果写明货物并且明示或 暗示地规定数量和价格或规定如何 确定数量和价格，即为十分确定。不包括交货时间等(2)非向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的建议，仅应视为 要约邀请, 除非提出建议的人明确地表示相反 的意向。第十五条要约生效(1) 要约于送达被要约人时生效。(2) 一项要约，即使

32、是不可撤销 的，得予撤回，如果撤回通知于要 约送达被要约人之前或同时，送达 被要约人。第十六条I要约撤销(1) 在未订立合同之前，要约得 予撤销，如果撤销通知于被要约人 发出承诺 通知之前送达被要约人。(2) 但在下列情况下， 要约不得 撤销：(a) 要约写明承诺期限或以其它 方式表示要约是不可撤销的；或(b) 被要约人有理由信赖该项要 约是不可撤销的，而且被要约人已本着对该项要约的信赖行事。公平原则第十七条I要约终止I要约，即使是不可撤销的，于拒绝 通知送达要约人时终止。第十八条I承诺定义(1) 被要约人声明或做出其它行 为表示同意一项要约，即是承诺缄默或不行动本身不等于承诺。(2) 承诺于

33、表示同意的通知送达 要约人时生效。如果表示同意的通 知在要约人所规定的时间内，如未 规定时间，在一段合理的时间内， 未曾送达要约人，承诺就成为无效, 但须适当地考虑到交易的情况，包 括要约人所使用的通讯方法的迅速 程序。对口头要约必须立即承诺 但情况有别者不在此限。(3) 但是，如果根据该项要约或 依照当事人之间确立的习惯作法和 惯例，被要约人可以做出某种行为，invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly in dicated by the person mak ing the propo sal.Article 15(1)

34、 An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.(2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdraw n if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer.Article 16(1) Un til a con tract is con cluded an offer may be revokedif the revocation reaches the offeree

35、 before he hasdis patched an acce ptance.(2) However, an offer cannot be revoked:(a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acce ptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable; or(b) if it was reas on able for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted

36、 in relia nee on the offer.Article 17An offer, eve n if it is irrevocable, is term in ated whe n reject ion reaches the offeror.Article 18(1) A stateme nt made by or other con duct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance. Silenee or in activity does not in itself amount to acce

37、 ptance.(2) An acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the moment the indication of assent reaches the offeror. An acce ptance is not effective if the in dicati on of asse nt does not reach the offeror with in the time he has fixed or, if no time is fixed, with in a reas on able time, due acco u

38、nt being taken of the circumstances of the transaction, including the rapi dity of the means of com muni cati on empio yed by the offeror. An oral offer must be accepted immediately uni ess the circumsta nces in dicate otherwise.(3) However, if, by virtue of the offer or as a result of practices whi

39、ch the parties have established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may in dicate asse nt byp erform ing an act, such as one relati ng to the dis patch of the goods or payment of the price, without notice to the offeror, the acce ptance is effective at the mome nt the act is p erformed, p ro

40、vided that the act is p erformed within the p eriod of time laid dow n in the p recedi ng p aragra ph.例如与发运货物或支付价款有关的 行为，来表示同意，而无须向要约 人发出通知，则承诺于该项行为做 出时生效，但该项行为必须在上一 款所规定的期间内做出。传统做法Article 19(1) A reply to an ofer which purports to be an acce ptance but contains additions, limitations or other modif

41、ications is a reject ion of the offer and con stitutes a coun ter-offer.(2) However, a reply to an ofer which purp orts to be an acceptance but contains additional or different terms which do not materially alter the terms of the offer con stitutes an acce ptance, uni ess the offeror, without undue

42、delay, objects orally to the discrepancy or dis patches a no tice to that effect. If he does not so object, the terms of the con tract are the terms of the offer with the modificati ons contained in the acce ptan ce.(2) Additional or different terms relating, among other thin gs, to the p rice, p ay

43、me nt, quality and qua ntity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party's liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are con sidered to alter the terms of the offer materially.第十九条镜子反射(1) 对要约表示承诺 加、限制或其它更改的答复，即为 拒绝该项要约，并构成反要约。(2) 但是，对要约表示承诺 但载 有添加或不同条件的答复，如所载 的添加或不同条

44、件在 实质上并不变 更该项要约的条件，除要约人在不 过分迟延的期间内以口头或书面通 知反对其间的差异外，仍构成承诺。如果要约人不做出这种反对， 合同的条件就以该项要约的条件以 及承诺 通知内所载的更改为准。(3) 有关货物价格、付款、货物 质量和数量、交货地点和时间、一 方当事人对另一方当事人的赔偿 责任范围或解决争端等等的添力口 或不同条件，I均视为在实质上变更 要约的条件。但载有添Article 20(1) A p eriod of time for acce ptance fixed by the offeror in a telegram or a letter begi ns to

45、run from the mome nt the telegram is handed in for dispatch or from the date shown on the letter or, if no such date is shown, from the date shown on the envelope. A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror by tele phone, telex or other means of in sta ntan eous com muni catio n, begi ns t

46、o run from the mome nt that the offer reaches the offeree.第二十条承诺期间(1) 要约人在电报或信件内规定 的承诺期间，从电报交发时刻或信 上载明的发信日期起算，如信上未 载明发信日期，则从信封上所载日 期起算。要约人以电话、电传或其 它快速通讯方法规定的承诺 期间, 从要约送达被要约人时起算。(2) 在计算承诺期间时，承诺期 间内的正式假日或非营业日应计算 在内。但是，如果承诺 通知在承诺 期间的最后1天未能送到要约人地 址，因为那天在要约人营业地是正 式假日或非营业日，则承诺期间应 顺延至下一个营业日。(2) Official ho

47、lidays or non-bus in ess days occurri ng during the period for acceptance are included in calculati ng the p eriod. However, if a no tice of acce ptance cannot be delivered at the address of the offeror on the last day of the period because that day falls on an official holiday or a non-bus in ess d

48、ay at the p lace of bus in ess of the offeror, the p eriod is exte nded un til the first bus in ess day which follows.Article 21(1) A late acceptance is nevertheless effective as an acce ptance if without delay the offeror orally so in forms the offeree or dis patches a no tice to that effect.(2) If

49、 a letter or other writ ing containing a late acce ptance shows that it has bee n sent in such circumsta nces that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acce ptance is effective as an acce ptance uni ess, without delay, the offeror orally in form

50、s the offeree that he con siders his offer as havi ng lap sed or dis patches a no tice to that effect.第二十一条(1)逾期承诺 仍有承诺的效力, 如果要约人毫不迟延地用口头或书 面将此种意见通知被要约人。一般无效，除非通知(2)如果载有逾期承诺的信件或 其它书面文件表明，它是在传递正 常、能及时送达要约人的情况下寄 发的，则该项逾期承诺具有承诺的 效力，除非要约人毫不迟延地用口 头或书面通知被要约人：他认为他 的要约已经失效。正常能到，通知 无效第二十二条承诺得予撤回，如果撤回通知于承 诺原应

51、生效之前或同时，送达要约 人。第二十三条合同于按照本公约规定对要约的承 诺生效时订立。第二十四条为公约本部分的目的，要约、承诺 声明或任何其它意旨表示“送达” 对方，系指用口头通知对方或通过 任何其它方法送交对方本人，或其 营业地或通讯地址，如无营业地或 通讯地址，则送交对方惯常居住地。第三部分货物销售 第一节总则 第二十五条 一方当事人违反合同的结果，如使 另一方当事人蒙受损害，以致于实 际上剥夺了他根据合同规定有权期 待得到的东西，即为I根本违反合同，除非违反合同一方并不预知而 且一个同等资格、通情达理的人处 于相同情况中也没有理由预知会发Article 22An acceptance m

52、ay be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeror before or at the same time as the acce ptance would have become effective.Article 23A con tract is con cluded at the mome nt whe n an acceptance of an offer becomes effective in accordanee with the p rovisi ons of this Conven ti on.Article 24For

53、the purp oses of this Part of the Conven ti on, an offer, declaration of acceptance or any other indication of inten tio n "reaches" the addressee whe n it is made orally to him or delivered by any other means to him person ally, to his p lace of bus in ess or mail ing address or, if he do

54、es not have a p lace of bus in ess or mail ing address, to his habitual reside nee.P ART III SALE OF GOODSCha pter I GENERAL P ROVISIONSArticle 25A breach of con tract committed by one of the p arties is fun dame ntal if it results in such detrime nt to the otherparty as substa ntially to dep rive h

55、im of what he is en titled to expect un der the con tract, uni ess the party in breach did not foresee and a reas on able person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result.Article 26A declarati on of avoida nee of the con tract is effective only if made by no ti

56、ce to the other p arty.生这种结果。第二十六条1宣告合同无效1的声明，必须向另一 方当事人发出通知，方始有效。Article 27第二十七条Un less otherwise exp ressly p rovided in this Part of the除非公约本部分另有明文规定，当Conven tio n, if any no tice, request or other com mun icati on事人按照本部分的规定，以适合情is give n or made by a party in accorda nee with this Part况的方法发出任何通知

57、、要求或其and by means approp riate in the circumsta nces, a delay or它通知后，这种通知如在传递上发error in the transmission of the com munication or its生耽搁或错误，或者未能到达，并failure to arrive does not deprive that party of the right to不使该当事人丧失依靠该项通知的rely on the com muni cati on.权利。Article 28第二十八条If, in accordanee with the provisions of this Convention,如果按照本公约的规定，一方当事one party is entitled to require performanee of any人有权要求另一方当事人