2020年通用版小升初英语复习：小学英语语法知识

1、小学英语语法知识英语动词4 种时态：1、一般现在时：常与表示程度或频度的词连用，如：often （经常）， usually （通常，一般） ,sometimes（有日t） , always （总是，一直）, never （从不），表示经常性或习惯性的动作，表示现在的特征或状态， 表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示，第三人称单数后，动词要在词尾加s （或 es,或变 y 为 i 再力口 es）。如：I often get up at 7:00.Heften gets up at 7:30.2、 现在进行时：表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。用 am / is/ are 加 动词 ing 形式表示，

2、如: What are you doing? I am reading a bk. What is he doing? He is singing.3、 一般将来时：常与表示将来的时间连用， 如： tomorrow , next week ,next year 等 ,表示将要发生的动作或情况。用am/ is/ are 加 going to形式表示，如：What are you going to do tomorrow? Itgridigmtgidine ahrse. 用 will 加动词原形表示，如：What will you donext Sunday? Iwill g shopping.

3、用 am/ is/ are 加动词 ing 形式表示，如： What are youding tomorrow? I m going bowling.4、一般过去时：经常与表示过去的时间连用, 如 : yesterday, last night等 , 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。动词要用动词的过去式。如：Wh was first? Ken was first.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.What did you do yesterday? I went to school.形容词的比较级和最高级：1、单音节词：比较级加er, 最高级加est

4、. 如：tall taller the tallest,He is taller than his brother. Tom is the tallest in his class.2、 多音节词和部分双音节词：比较级加 more, 最高级加 the most. 如：interestingmore interestingthe most interesting,Music is interesting subject. P.E. is more interesting than music. Science is the most interesting subject.形容词变为比较级的变化

5、规则： ( 1)一般情况下，在形容词的词尾直接加er。如：tall-taller short- shorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词，在 词尾直接加r,如：nice-nicer. late later (3)以重读闭音节结尾，且 结尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加er.如：big bigger thin thinner fat fatter (4)以辅音字母加y 结尾的双音节形容词，先变 y 为 i ,再力口 er。女口： easy- easier heavy- heavier funnyfunnier.( 2) 、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化： good better

6、wellbetter bad worse badly worse many more much more little less far farther动词 ing 的变化规律：1) )直接加ing ，如： open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting,sing-singing, study-studying,2) 去掉词尾不发音的e ， 如： take-taking, close-closing, come-coming,drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing,practice-prac

7、ticing,3) 重读闭音节的，双写最后的字母，加ing , 如： sit-sitting,put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming,主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同)：1) 直接力口 s, 如：cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes；2)以 o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾 +es , 如 : teach-teaches,go-goes, do-does, ca

8、tch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misse s；4) 辅音字母加y 结尾， 把 y 改为 i ， +es， 如： fly-flies, worry-worries,carry-carries,5) 以f或fe结尾，把f或fe,改为v+es.5)特殊：have-has,6)家庭、亲属和朋友：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好：与你的关 系words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother, sist

9、er, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相关句型: 1) Is he/she Tom s cousin? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn t.2) Who s he/she? He s/She s my friend.3) How many people are there in your family? Who are they? There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意： 1)名词单复数，如：family-families;名词单数 -复数规律:1) 1) 1)

10、直接加s，如： boy-boys, term-terms,2) 以 o, x, s, sh, ch 结 尾 +es , 如 : box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches,3) 辅音字母加y 结尾，把y 改为 i ， +es， 如： baby-babies,lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries,watch-watches ,4) 以

11、 f 或 fe 结尾，把 f 或 fe, 改为 v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves,5) ) 特 殊 : man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,6) 不变 : hair, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat,people, fish, sheep,（ 2） 名词所有格，表明是“谁的”如

12、： my cousin s , his parents它的构成规则：单数名词后+“ s”，Mike s mother.复数名词词尾有，其后只+ “ '"，TeacherS Da教师节.若是两人共有时，只在后者+ “ s ” ,Jim and Tom' s mother吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的，两者都+ “ s ” ,Jim' s and Tonrf s mother吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词若是无生命，所有格构成用of, a map of China.一幅中国地图I 一般过去时态定义 ：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。结构： “主语+动词的过去式

13、”用法：1 .表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2 .表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.3 . 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：一般过去

14、式的用法：一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句, 如 yesterday, the day before last, lastweek, two days ago 等 ,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。一般过去式构成：表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形

15、的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。4 . 一般过去时的标志词: last year; last nightyesterday （+morning, afternoon, evening）in +过去时间词：in 1998 II 过去式规则变化（a） 动词词尾 + “ed：walk walked （走）need needed （需要）（b）动词词尾为“曲，力口 -d"。live lived （住）like liked （喜欢）（c）动词词尾为 辅音字母+y”时，去"y加“ied,”若是词尾为 元音字母+y"，只加“ed；study studie

16、d （学习）playplayed （游戏）（d）原形动词词尾为重读闭音节时, stoppedIII 过去式规则变化先双写该辅音字母再+“ ed” stop（一 ） 不变1.cut cut must （二）改成2.letlet3.putput 4read read5 must1. come drink 5.have 8.ring 9. singcame drankhad2.becomebecame3. beginbegan 4.6.runran7. sitsatrangsang 10.swimswam11.givegave（三）改成1. think bought 5. catch （三）改成gh

17、t thought2.fight fought3.bringbrought4. buy1.keep4.feel5.spendcaught tkeptfeltspentew6. teach taught2.sleep6.learnslept3.sweepsweptlearnt 7.meanmeant1.blow draw 5.throwblew drew threw2. knowknew3.growgrew4.6. flyflewo1.get got 2.forget forgot3.write wrote 4.riderode5.drivedrove6.sell sold 7.tell und

18、erstood 10.speak spoke （六 ）其他形式told8.standstood9.understand11.hear heard 12.taketook1.make meant 5.say 9.can might 13.gomade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meansaid could6.find10.shallfoundshould7.meet met11.will would8.see saw12. maywent14.seesaw15.wearwore时态时间标志口诀集锦1. 一般现在时：“总经常有每没（美眉八八）复星周”总：always，usually

19、等经常： often有：sometimes （记住，宥”不是have,而是 宥时”）每：every week/month/year 等没：never复星周：on Mondays, on Tuesdays等2. 一般过去时：昨天上个XX （读作叉叉）前，in加年份when字连 ”（原创）昨天：yesterday，后面可以加morning，afternoon， evening 等上个：last,后面可以加 week, month, year等XX 前：ago, 前面可以力口 three weeks/months/years agoin 加年份：in 2009/2008/1986/1220等， 2010前全用一般过去时，后年 2012前就都是过