英语句子结构分析讲解

1、定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. nj主语谓语定语 宾语同位语状语主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词）She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health

2、.（动名词）The you ng should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true.（句子）找出下列句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east.2、Twenty years is a short time in history.3、The poor are now living in the shelter.4、Seeing is believing.5、To see is to believe.6、He likes dancing.7、What he needs is a book.8、It is ver

3、y clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词；He can speak En glish well.She doesd t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）:1. We love Chi na.2. We have fini shed readi

4、ng this book.3. He can speak En glish.4. She seems tired.（三）宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please.（名词）She did n't say anything.（代词）How many do you want? - I want _two.（数词）They sent the injured to hospital.（名词化的形容词）They asked to see my passport.（不定式）I enjoy working with you.（动名词）Did you

5、 write down what he said? （句子）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语指物或事，间接宾语指人或动 物.He gave me some books.I B间接直接宾语宾语指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfrie nd some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1. We ofte n help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt

6、 sick.5. They are talk ing about the new stude nt.（四）连系动词，其后面的成分叫作表语。The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I' m not quite myself today.That rema ins a puzzle.I don' t feel at ease找出下列句中的表语1.1 am a teacher.2. They are on the playgro und.3. My job is teachi ng En glish.

7、4. It gets cold.5. It sounds in teresti ng.常见的系动词有be动词，还有get ,become, turn, grow等表 “变得”的词,和感观动词 sou nd, look, smel,taste,fee 等。（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy.（形容词）His father works in a steel work.（名词）There are_54 stude nts in our class.数词）Do you known betty' s sister?（名词所有格）He bought

8、some sleeping pills.（动名词）There is a sleeping baby in bed.（现在分词）His spoken Ian guage is good.（过去分词）定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句 子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to doThe girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?找出下列句子的定语。1

9、. The black bike is mine.2. She is a chemistry teacher.3. The man in blue is my brother.4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.5. The lady who is weari ng red dress is our new teacher.（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、 程度、方式和伴随状况等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playg

10、round.He was late because he got up lateHe got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He ofte n went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orpha n.Please call me if it is n ecessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his ill ness.找出下列句中的状语1. We of

11、te n help him.2. I really don' t like the food.3. He did his homework carefullyat home.4. Her mother goes out to do some shopp ing on Sun day.5. Whe n I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.（七）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外， 还要有一个宾语补足语，说 明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常 用的及物动词有：make, consider, cause, see,

12、find, call, get, have, let.I found the book in teresti ng.Do you smell somethi ng burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上 的主谓关系。找出下列句子的宾语补足语：1. They elected John monitor.2. We call him Iron Ox.3. The doctor told me to do moreexercise.4. Th

13、ey made her happy.5. He is going to have his hair cut.6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.（八）同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况We young people should respect the old.（名词）He himself will do the experiment.（代词）He is the oldest among them four.（数词）He told me the news that our team won the game（从句）句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当

14、成分例句主语表示句子说的 是什么人或什 么事名，代, 数,不 定式，动名词， 短语或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语说明主语做什 么，是什么或怎 么样动词或动词词 组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作仃为 的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连 用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的 性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist.Hiswordssound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词 或代词形, 代, 数,名, 畐1，介词短语或 句子We have

15、eight lessons every day.状语修饰动词，形容副词，介词短语He works very词，畐y词，表 示动作发生的 时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式， 结果等或句子hard.They held a partyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语 是主谓关系形容词，名词， 介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouse clean.随堂练习：分析下列句子结构：1) You are a student.2) He felt happy today.3) What you said made me happy.4) Could you give me some a

16、dvice on how to learn English well?5) After he finished his homework, he went away.6) He likes pop music.7) The sound sounds strange.8) The food tastes good.9) He gave me a book yesterday.10) We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.Private Conv ersatio nLast week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very in teresti ng. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woma n were sitt ing behi nd me. They were talk ing loudly. I got very an gry. I could not hear the actors. I turned roun d.