从精神分析角度解读福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》

1、从精神分析角度解读福克纳的喧哗与骚动从精神分析角度解读福克纳的喧哗与从精神分析角度解读福克纳的喧哗与骚动骚动UnscramblingUnscrambling WilliamWilliam FaulknerFaulkners sthethe SoundSound andand thethe FuryFury fromfrom a aPsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic PerspectivePerspective【作者】 王晓燕；【导师】 张京生；【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学， 英语语言文学， 2008， 硕士【摘要】 威廉福克纳是美国现代最伟大的小说家之一。谈起他,人们总

2、是联想到美国南方。作家在美国南方他故乡那片“邮票般大小的土地上”辛勤耕耘几十年,奉献出一部又一部饮誉世界的传世佳作。这些作品扎根于美国南方,并探索了美国社会乃至全人类的命运。喧哗与骚动就是其中的一部。小说聚焦于美国南方一个大户人家康普生家族,共分四个部分,每部分分别由一个不同人物在不同的一天进行讲述。前三部分由康普生三兄弟分别自述,最后一部分是作家的第三人称叙述。小说的一个显著特点就是康普生三兄弟既是故事的讲述者又是作者着力刻画的人物。作为讲述者,他们的所见所闻展现了康普生家族从兴盛走向衰落的历史过程。作为小说的主人公,他们的存在、性格以至心理和精神状态都反映出这个家族、乃至整个美国南方的衰落

3、。本文主要借助弗洛伊德的精神分析理论及其荣格分析心理学中的原型意象,逐步解析福克纳创作的心理动势及小说主人公的精神状态,然后在此基础上探讨这部小说的深层心理学本质,并进一步指出,荣格的原型意象及其理论和思想,对现代文明社会具有积极的意义,代表了一条面向心灵的解析之路。第一章总揽精神分析学及其广泛的影响。围绕精神分析学的毁誉、论争和变异正是精神分析学本身内在矛盾和精神活力的集中表现。首先是在古典精神分析学内部就产生了意见分歧,出现了荣格的分析心理学、阿德勒的个性心理学等变体。精神分析学创立之初,就宿命地与文学结下了不解之缘,弗洛伊德影响了文学,文学也以同样的力量影响了弗洛伊德。精神分析学作为一股

4、强大的国际思潮,已深深地渗透到西方文化的血液之中,“如果没有弗洛伊德思想的渗入,西方思想就不可想象”,这可以看作是对精神分析学的最高评价。第二章从福克纳创作的心理动势出发,对作者的创作发生及其创作的心理轨迹进行跟踪,认为,福克纳的创作中有一种不为创作者的自觉意识所完全控制的直觉领悟的心理倾向,正是这种自主情结引导作者超越个人的局限,遨游于个人利害的范围之外,反映了超个人的、更为深邃的集体无意识,从而创作出了具有永恒艺术生命的作品;福克纳的小说创作及其相关主题的发生,在一定程度上与作者由于在文化、形体以及生活环境等方面的劣势而产生的难以排遣的自卑情结密不可分,是自卑情结积聚成优越情结,进而过分补

5、偿的结果;同时,由于美国南方特殊的历史、政治及福克纳的生活遭际等原因,福克纳在几十年的创作生涯中,情系荒原,创造了约克纳帕塔法县这个精神王国,使之成为自己的精神浪游之地、欲望宣泄之乡和心灵托付之所。第三章对福克纳小说喧哗与骚动中的主要人物昆丁和凯蒂等各兄妹之间所发生的畸恋及其心理活动进行剖析,从中解读潜藏在他们身上的原型意象。在荣格的分析心理学体系中,阿尼玛、阿尼姆斯、人格面具、阴影,都是重要而具有意义的原型意象。而本文的重要工作,在于从分析心理学中的原型理论着手,不是从宗教,而是以对小说中不同人物的精神分析为基础,揭示这种原型意象在精神分析理论和实践中的重要意义和作用。第四章在荣格的理论中,

6、“阴影”、“人格面具”与“智慧老人”是三个主要的原型,在人与外界环境的交互作用中起着很重要的作用。深入理解它们的内涵,实现人格的整合,这是运用荣格精神分析的理论解读喧哗与骚动的又一重要研究。本章对小说中主要女性人物的心理活动进行剖析,从中解读潜藏在她们身上的原型意象。通过研究福克纳的喧哗与骚动,本文着重解析在其作品中表现的人类内心冲突问题以及反映的人类心灵深处的亘古至今的真情实感,为采用精神分析方法研究文学作品提供了新的参考。 更多还原【Abstract】 William Faulkner is one of the greatest contemporarywriters in the Un

7、ited States. People always associate him with theAmerican South. The writer works hard on the“little postage stamp ofnative soil”for decades and writes enduring works one after anotherwhich win him worldwide fame. These works root in the American Southand explore the fate of American society and eve

8、n of the human beings.The Sound and the Fury is one of them. The novel focuses on an ever-prominent family the Compsons in the American South in fourchapters, by four very different voices and on four different days.The first three chapters are narrated by the three Compson brothersrespectively, whi

9、le the fourth chapter in the third personperspective. The distinctive feature of the novel is that the threeCompsons are not only the narrators, but also the characters thewriter describes carefully. As narrators, what they see and hearpresents the course of the Compson family from prosperity to dec

10、ay.As characters, their existence, characteristics and mentality reflectthe decay of the family, even of the whole South.In this thesis,through studying Sigmund Freudpsychoanalysis and Carl Jungsarchetypal theories, I unscramble Faulkners creation psychologystep by step and parse the dramatis person

11、aes psychosis. Meanwhile,I probe into the essence of Depth Psychology and point out that CarlJungs collective unconscious archetypal theories have positivemeaning to modern civilization, which represents an unscrambling wayto the psychic.Starting with the overview of psychoanalysis and itsbroad infl

12、uence, the thesis set the foundation of its theory. Firstintroduced to literary studies in the 1920s and 1930s, Freudspsychoanalytic criticism survives today. Although its methods havebeen challenged, revised and supplemented by sympathetic but somewhatrebellious followers such as A. Adler, C.G. Jun

13、g, psychoanalyticcriticism provides a stimulating approach to literary analysis. As amighty international thought, psychoanalysis has deeply penetrated inthe blood of western culture.With the developments of the authorscreation, Chapter Two follows up the scent of the occurring of hisnovels and the

14、track of his psychology of creation, holding theopinion that there exists an intuitive psychological tendency inFaulkners creation which the author is not aware of. It is theautonomous complex that leads the author to go beyond his limitationsand to reflect a deeper collective unconsciousness. Faulk

15、nersnovels and their respective themes are closely connected with theinferiority complex caused by American culture, the authorsphysique and his living conditions. They are the results of hisinferiority complex that accumulates into some kind of superioritycomplex. Because of the southern Americans

16、special history andpolitics and his sufferings Faulkner is deeply absorbed in thesouthern wasteland and invented Yoknapatawpha County, making it aplace where he can do whatever he wants to do to counteract the lackin his real life.In Chapter Three, for better understanding thementality of the three

17、Compson brothers and the distorted lovetowards their sister, I put forward that Caddy in her brotherseyesrepresents Anima. In the system of Jungian psychology, Anima andAnimus are the important archetypal images. On the basis of thearchetypal theories in analytical psychology rather than from anyspe

18、cific religion, my thesis offers a summation of the significanceof Jungian archetypal images in the theory and practice ofpsychoanalysis.There are other dominating archetypal images, that is,Shadow, Persona and Sagacious men. These archetypal images in Jungianpsychology also play important roles in

19、the interaction between humanbeings and environment. In Chapter Four, for further understandingthe mentality of main women characters, Iexplore“shadow”and“persona”of Mrs. Compson and the“sagaciousmen”archetype in Dilsey.The Sound and the Fury presented theproblems of the human heart in conflict with

20、 itself, and, ultimately,reflected the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universaltruths. My thesis is an innovative study of the novel bypsychoanalysis. 更多还原【关键词】 精神分析； 原型意象； 集体无意识；【Key words】 psychoanalysis； archetypal images； collectiveunconscious；参考文献：论喧哗与骚动中的叙事时间本文运用热拉尔热奈特的叙事理论从时间方面

21、来研究喧哗与骚动的独特的叙事策略，表现福克纳在叙事技巧方面的非凡成就，彰显小说的艺术价值。收录数据库：中文科技期刊数据库 来源：考试周刊 2011 年 第 68 期作者：朱鹊飞 刘明景 机构：中南大学 湖南长沙 410000 株洲职业技术学院湖南株洲 412001福克纳与喧哗与骚动的创作美国著名作家福克纳以喧哗与骚动为自己赢得很高的声誉,奠定了他在世界文坛上的地位。小说喧哗与骚动命名独特,颇具深意。作品以作者熟悉的美国南方种植园主家庭为背景,弥漫着乡土气息,充斥.收录数据库：中文科技期刊数据库 来源：西南农业大学学报：社会科学版 2011 年 第 9 期 作者：朱娥 机构：昭通师范高等专科学校

22、外语系 云南昭通 657000尘埃落定与喧哗与骚动中的傻子视角解析尘埃落定和喧哗与骚动这两部小说有许多相似之处,它们都生动地描写了曾经显赫一时的部族、家族在时代潮流中不可避免的没落与凋零,为它们曾经辉煌的过去唱了一曲无奈的挽歌。而且,两部作品.收录数据库：中文科技期刊数据库 来源：青海师范大学学报：哲学社会科学版 2011 年 第 5 期 作者：王烈霞 机构：青海民族大学外国语学院 青海西宁 810007从精神分析角度解读福克纳的喧哗与从精神分析角度解读福克纳的喧哗与骚动骚动UnscramblingUnscrambling WilliamWilliam FaulknerFaulkners st

23、hethe SoundSound andand thethe FuryFury fromfrom a aPsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic PerspectivePerspective【作者】 王晓燕；【导师】 张京生；【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学， 英语语言文学， 2008， 硕士【摘要】 威廉福克纳是美国现代最伟大的小说家之一。谈起他,人们总是联想到美国南方。作家在美国南方他故乡那片“邮票般大小的土地上”辛勤耕耘几十年,奉献出一部又一部饮誉世界的传世佳作。这些作品扎根于美国南方,并探索了美国社会乃至全人类的命运。喧哗与骚动就是其中的一部。小说聚焦于美国南方一个大户人

24、家康普生家族,共分四个部分,每部分分别由一个不同人物在不同的一天进行讲述。前三部分由康普生三兄弟分别自述,最后一部分是作家的第三人称叙述。小说的一个显著特点就是康普生三兄弟既是故事的讲述者又是作者着力刻画的人物。作为讲述者,他们的所见所闻展现了康普生家族从兴盛走向衰落的历史过程。作为小说的主人公,他们的存在、性格以至心理和精神状态都反映出这个家族、乃至整个美国南方的衰落。本文主要借助弗洛伊德的精神分析理论及其荣格分析心理学中的原型意象,逐步解析福克纳创作的心理动势及小说主人公的精神状态,然后在此基础上探讨这部小说的深层心理学本质,并进一步指出,荣格的原型意象及其理论和思想,对现代文明社会具有积

25、极的意义,代表了一条面向心灵的解析之路。第一章总揽精神分析学及其广泛的影响。围绕精神分析学的毁誉、论争和变异正是精神分析学本身内在矛盾和精神活力的集中表现。首先是在古典精神分析学内部就产生了意见分歧,出现了荣格的分析心理学、阿德勒的个性心理学等变体。精神分析学创立之初,就宿命地与文学结下了不解之缘,弗洛伊德影响了文学,文学也以同样的力量影响了弗洛伊德。精神分析学作为一股强大的国际思潮,已深深地渗透到西方文化的血液之中,“如果没有弗洛伊德思想的渗入,西方思想就不可想象”,这可以看作是对精神分析学的最高评价。第二章从福克纳创作的心理动势出发,对作者的创作发生及其创作的心理轨迹进行跟踪,认为,福克纳

26、的创作中有一种不为创作者的自觉意识所完全控制的直觉领悟的心理倾向,正是这种自主情结引导作者超越个人的局限,遨游于个人利害的范围之外,反映了超个人的、更为深邃的集体无意识,从而创作出了具有永恒艺术生命的作品;福克纳的小说创作及其相关主题的发生,在一定程度上与作者由于在文化、形体以及生活环境等方面的劣势而产生的难以排遣的自卑情结密不可分,是自卑情结积聚成优越情结,进而过分补偿的结果;同时,由于美国南方特殊的历史、政治及福克纳的生活遭际等原因,福克纳在几十年的创作生涯中,情系荒原,创造了约克纳帕塔法县这个精神王国,使之成为自己的精神浪游之地、欲望宣泄之乡和心灵托付之所。第三章对福克纳小说喧哗与骚动中

27、的主要人物昆丁和凯蒂等各兄妹之间所发生的畸恋及其心理活动进行剖析,从中解读潜藏在他们身上的原型意象。在荣格的分析心理学体系中,阿尼玛、阿尼姆斯、人格面具、阴影,都是重要而具有意义的原型意象。而本文的重要工作,在于从分析心理学中的原型理论着手,不是从宗教,而是以对小说中不同人物的精神分析为基础,揭示这种原型意象在精神分析理论和实践中的重要意义和作用。第四章在荣格的理论中,“阴影”、“人格面具”与“智慧老人”是三个主要的原型,在人与外界环境的交互作用中起着很重要的作用。深入理解它们的内涵,实现人格的整合,这是运用荣格精神分析的理论解读喧哗与骚动的又一重要研究。本章对小说中主要女性人物的心理活动进行

28、剖析,从中解读潜藏在她们身上的原型意象。通过研究福克纳的喧哗与骚动,本文着重解析在其作品中表现的人类内心冲突问题以及反映的人类心灵深处的亘古至今的真情实感,为采用精神分析方法研究文学作品提供了新的参考。 更多还原【Abstract】 William Faulkner is one of the greatest contemporarywriters in the United States. People always associate him with theAmerican South. The writer works hard on the“little postage stamp

29、 ofnative soil”for decades and writes enduring works one after anotherwhich win him worldwide fame. These works root in the American Southand explore the fate of American society and even of the human beings.The Sound and the Fury is one of them. The novel focuses on an ever-prominent family the Com

30、psons in the American South in fourchapters, by four very different voices and on four different days.The first three chapters are narrated by the three Compson brothersrespectively, while the fourth chapter in the third personperspective. The distinctive feature of the novel is that the threeCompso

31、ns are not only the narrators, but also the characters thewriter describes carefully. As narrators, what they see and hearpresents the course of the Compson family from prosperity to decay.As characters, their existence, characteristics and mentality reflectthe decay of the family, even of the whole

32、 South.In this thesis,through studying Sigmund Freudpsychoanalysis and Carl Jungsarchetypal theories, I unscramble Faulkners creation psychologystep by step and parse the dramatis personaes psychosis. Meanwhile,I probe into the essence of Depth Psychology and point out that CarlJungs collective unco

33、nscious archetypal theories have positivemeaning to modern civilization, which represents an unscrambling wayto the psychic.Starting with the overview of psychoanalysis and itsbroad influence, the thesis set the foundation of its theory. Firstintroduced to literary studies in the 1920s and 1930s, Fr

34、eudspsychoanalytic criticism survives today. Although its methods havebeen challenged, revised and supplemented by sympathetic but somewhatrebellious followers such as A. Adler, C.G. Jung, psychoanalyticcriticism provides a stimulating approach to literary analysis. As amighty international thought,

35、 psychoanalysis has deeply penetrated inthe blood of western culture.With the developments of the authorscreation, Chapter Two follows up the scent of the occurring of hisnovels and the track of his psychology of creation, holding theopinion that there exists an intuitive psychological tendency inFa

36、ulkners creation which the author is not aware of. It is theautonomous complex that leads the author to go beyond his limitationsand to reflect a deeper collective unconsciousness. Faulknersnovels and their respective themes are closely connected with theinferiority complex caused by American cultur

37、e, the authorsphysique and his living conditions. They are the results of hisinferiority complex that accumulates into some kind of superioritycomplex. Because of the southern Americans special history andpolitics and his sufferings Faulkner is deeply absorbed in thesouthern wasteland and invented Y

38、oknapatawpha County, making it aplace where he can do whatever he wants to do to counteract the lackin his real life.In Chapter Three, for better understanding thementality of the three Compson brothers and the distorted lovetowards their sister, I put forward that Caddy in her brotherseyesrepresents Anima. In the system of Jungian psychology, Anima andAnimus are the important archetypal images. On the basis of thearchetypal theories in analytical psychology rather than from anyspecific religion, my thesis offers a summation of the significanceof Jungian archetypal images in the theor