令人折服的BAUER德国宝华氦气回收系统

1、 BAUER convincing helium recovery: tailor-made & absolutely gastight令人折服的宝华氦气回收系统:量身订造 + 100%气密性A company working for more than 60 years successfully in the field of high pressure system engineering for air for respiration, industrial air and technical gases has been intensivelyengaged in the pr

2、ocess of helium condensation for many years. As a result, the companysupplies complete recovery systems, mostly to research laboratories of universities andinstitutes, worldwide - tailor-made and absolutely gastight. The system offered comprises gas compressor plants as well as the gas balloon and g

3、as processing and storage.60多年高压压缩领域的历史,从呼吸空气到工艺气体,德国宝华压缩机系统工厂多年来致力 于氦气回收系统研发。在宝华,这里有完备的气体回收系统,其客户遍及全球各个大学和科研院所的实验室和检测工厂。宝华提供系统定制服务,保证 100%的气体密封性。宝华的气体回收系统包括气体压缩机站、气囊、气体处理和存储系统。Liquid helium as a cooling medium is anincreasing important factor within the naturalsciences during research and operation

4、 ofsensitive equipment. However, only limited quantities of the coveted resource helium can be obtained by natural gas extraction. Therefore, efforts are being made to operate helium in closed circuits. In liquefaction plants, helium is cooled down until it is a liquefiedgas at -269 °for nuclea

5、r magnetic resonance tomograph and highly sensitive sensors with low noise etc. are operated. The exhausted helium gas is collected, condensed and re-fed to the liquefactionprocess.作为冷却介质,液体氦气在自然科学领域的高灵敏度设备研发与使用过程中扮演着越来越重要的 角色。但在天然气萃取过程中,仅有极少量的氦气能够获得。因而,能在封闭回路中无损失的使 用氦气是人们一直以来的追求。在液化装置中,氦气需达到 -269 &

6、#176;C 才能被冷却为液体氦。伴随这种低温液体,相应的设备包括超导体(如核磁共振断层扫描仪以及静音型高灵敏传感器 等被操作应用。冷却过程中排放的氦气通过收集、压缩、冷凝过滤,重新回到液化处理环节。 氦气属性与萃取After hydrogen, helium is the lightest element; it is chemically inert, has a high diffusibility and with -269 °C (4.2 Kelvin the lowest boiling point of all gases. Because of its low den

7、sity, helium is very light and is therefore very well suited as an inert filling gas for Zeppelins. 1 l liquid helium gas has a weight of about 130 g and results in about 730 l of gas when it is heated to room temperature.氦气是除氢气外最轻的元素。氦气属惰性气体,具有高度的扩散性,其沸点为 -269 °C(4.2Kelvin ,为所有气体中最低。正因为其密度低、质量

8、轻的特点,氦气作为惰性气体成为齐柏林飞 船充气气体的不二之选。 1升液体氦的重量约为 130克,加热至常温时,其体积增至 730升。 Unlike many other industrial gases which are directly extracted from the air by distillation, this is not possible with helium. Helium can only be extracted economically from helium-rich natural gas sources (helium content exceeding

9、2 %. Such sources are rare. At present, there are only four relevant sources worldwide. Wyoming/USA, Orenburg/Russia, Sonatrach/Algeria and a small source in Poland.多数的工业气体通常是直接蒸馏萃取,但这一方法对氦气并不可行。而获得氦气唯一经济可行的 途径是从富含氦气的天然气(氦气含量为 2%以上中萃取。这类天然气极其罕见。目前,此类 富含氦气的天然气来源仅有 4处:Wyoming (美国、 Orenburg (俄罗斯、 Sonat

10、rach (阿尔 及利亚以及波兰某地。The helium is separated from the rest by gas distillation, stored first and then transported at ambient pressure as a volume-saving liquid in special vacuum-superisolated tank containers (about 40 000 l. In local distribution centres, the helium is decanted into smaller containers

11、 for delivery to the end user; 1 l liquid helium costs at present about 7 to 10 Euros.氦气通过蒸馏与其他气体分离后首先是存储,之后是以液体状态在围压条件下运输。运输过程中 所使用的容器是特制的超绝缘型真空槽罐。在运送至当地配送中心后,氦气被分灌到多个小型气 瓶中再发送至终端客户。目前, 1升氦气的价格通常在 7至 10欧元。应用领域Gaseous helium is used, as already mentioned, in aerial navigation, as a protective gas fo

12、r diverse processes (chemistry, metallurgy, semiconductor production, as search gas for leakage measurements (among others for testing air conditioning plants in the automobile industry, during diving as a diving gas mixture as well as an inert coolant for special machine applications. 如上所诉,气态氦气多用于航

13、空领域,在化学、冶金及半导体生产中作为保护性气体,在汽车工 业中用作空气调节装置的泄露测量,并用作潜水气体以及专用机械中的冷却剂。Helium in its liquid form is almost the exclusive choice as a cooling medium for optimisingcertain material characteristics at low temperatures. By the transition from the normally conductive into the superconductive state, for example

14、 strong magnets and, as a result, giant magnetic fields can be generated (e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph. Also, with a decreasing temperature, the electronic noise is reduced so that the signal-noise ratio can be considerably optimised with increasingly low temperatures (helium-cooled det

15、ectors.在低温环境下,液体氦作为冷却介质,是提高部分物质物理特性利用率的最佳选择。例如,液体 氦可使强磁体转化为半导体的过程中,使其生成巨大的磁场(如核磁共振断层扫描仪。另外, 随着温度的降低,借助于液体氦,电子噪音降低,信噪比大大提升(如氦冷却探测仪。 氦气液化装置The University of Konstanz has already beenoperating for nearly 30 years its own heliumliquefaction plant with subsequent helium recovery.The annual production of

16、over 70 000 l of liquidhelium supports 42 experiments and associatedequipment in the field of natural science. Besidesapplications in physics, such equipment is used inthe specialities chemistry, biology and psychology.About 100 collaborators work directly onexperiments with liquid helium.康斯坦茨大学在氦气液

17、化回收领域已具有近 30年经验。其液体氦年产量高达 70,000升,可支持 42项自然科学试验及相关设备研发。这类设备不仅在物理科学领域达到运用,并在化学、生物学及心理学方面具有特殊用途。在康斯坦茨大学,液体氦试验的一线工作者就有 100多人。The complete system of the University of Konstanz contains (converted 5 500 l liquid helium. Approximately 2 300 l have to be refilled each year in order to compensate for losses

18、. This means that each litre of liquid helium is liquefied and recovered about 30 times before the gas finally escapes through unavoidable leaks.康斯坦茨大学整个试验体系所运用的液体氦气高达 5,550升。而该体系每年还需补充约 2,300升 的液体氦。这意味着,如不发生泄漏,每升液体氦每年要经过 30次的液化和回收过程。It is technically very difficult and expensive to liquefy helium.

19、Unlike air separation plants, where liquefaction takes place solely by gas decompression and countercurrent cooling, in helium liquefaction plants, an additional precooling has to be carried out by a mechanical expansion machine (turbine. The resulting technical complexity of the control system lead

20、s to it being economically much more efficient to operate a central liquefaction plant and to transport the cold liquid via containers to the individual users.液化氦气不仅具有技术难度,而且代价昂贵。在技术方面,与空气分离装置(其液化过程仅需气 体解压及逆流冷却相比,氦气液化装置还需设置一个由膨胀机(涡轮机带动的预冷却程序。 而控制系统技术的复杂性使得集中液化、分罐运输成为减少经济成本的有效方式。Gas liquefaction proc

21、esses also require a huge amount of energy. The liquefaction plant installed in Konstanz has an hourly output of 20 l liquid helium; it is fed by a compressor with 10 bar output pressure and a capacity of 800 Nm³/h, and is driven by a 90 kW electric motor. 气体液化过程中也需要消耗大量能源。康斯坦茨的液化装置每小时可生产 20升液体

22、氦。而液化 过程所使用压缩机的输出压力为 10巴,流量为 800标方 /时,并配有 90千瓦特电动机。 Helium liquefaction is, however, only one half of the helium plant. The other half comprises the recovery of the helium gas which evaporates or is exhausted from plant and equipment. For this purpose, a pipe network is installed in all buildings, t

23、ransporting the helium gas from the experiments to the central gas balloon. When full, the high pressure gas compressors are started via a level control sensor; they take in the helium gas, compress it to 300 bar and store it in high pressure containers. The helium liquefaction plant is fed from the

24、se high pressure containers. In this way, the helium circuit is closed.然而,氦气液化只是氦气处理装置的其中一个功能而已。其另一功能是从装置设备中蒸发或排放 的氦气进行回收。为此,该大学在所有的建筑物中都安装了管道,将各个实验室剩余的氦气运送 到中央气囊。气囊饱和后,水平控制传感器启动高压气体压缩机,将氦气吸收并压缩至 300巴, 再存储至高压容器。而氦气液化装置所需的氦气正是从这些高压容器中获取。通过这种方式,一 个闭合的氦气环路也就形成了。回收设备Due to its high diffusibility (very s

25、mall atomic diameter, helium is able to penetrate the smallest openings and pores which leads to gas losses within the helium system. The pipe network is constructed accordingly in order to minimise these losses. In Konstanz, the pipes are made of copper, connected with brazed fittings. It is true t

26、hat the pipes do not have to resist to a high pressure, but the thermal fluctuations of the transported helium gas (e.g. when evacuating cryogenic gas lead to enormous mechanical stresses. Meanwhile, recovery systems are also made of orbital-welded special steel pipes.因其高度的扩散性(原子直径小,氦气可渗透到极其微小的裂隙中,导

27、致氦气流失。因此,康 斯坦茨大学在建设氦气管道时就将这一点考虑了进去,力争将氦气流失量减少到最小。该大学的 氦气管道由铜制成,以黄铜焊接。尽管这些管道无需承受高压,但是氦气输送过程中产生的热波 动会导致强大的机械应力。此外,回收系统中的管道是由特种钢经轨道式焊接而成。Even the high pressure compressors have to meet higher standards than compressors operating with air. Besides the required airtightness, the helium compressors have t

28、o be better cooled due to the higher heat capacity compared to air, and also require a higher quality standard of the individual components (e.g. valves.不仅如此,与空气压缩机相比,该系统中的高压压缩机需满足更高的标准。除气体密封性外,氦 气压缩机还需具有更佳的冷却功能,因为氦气的热容量比空气高。该压缩机各部分零件(如阀 门亦需满足更高标准。行之有效的系统工程The company BAUER KOMPRESSOREN has already been working for many years in the field of helium compression. All high pressure gas compressor units, vary from type Verticus (production volume 80 l/min to large-scale plants (2850 l/min, have a closed gastight and recovery system .The high pressure compressors are controlled by the ba