清洁生产考试试题及答案(2).doc

1、Pollution Preve ntion 污染预防Waste Minimization 废物最少化End pipe Treatment 末端治理Source con trol 源控希 9Clea ner Productio n Tech no logy 清洁生产工艺Pollut ing con trol tech no logy 污染控制工艺No Waste Techno logy 无废工艺Low Waste Tech no logy 低废工艺An ticipate and preve nt strategies 预防和预估战略Avoida nee strateg y 回避战略Desig n

2、ed for En vir onment 为环境而设计 Fron t-e nd resource man ageme n 首尾管理Waste avoida nee 污染回避Waste reduction 污染削减Green productivity （绿色生产）In dustrial Ecology/I ndustrial Metabolism 工艺生态学 / 工业新陈代谢Life Cycle Assessme nt 生命周期评价Cyclic economy 循环经济Susta in able developme n 可持续发展Strategic En viro nmen tal Assess

3、me nt 战略环境影响评价2.1 The definition of Cleaner Production （ UNEP and CP promotion law） 答:Clea nerProductio n is the con ti nu ous applicatio n of an in tegrated preve ntive en vir onmen talstrategy to processes, products, and services to in crease overall efficie ncy, and reducerisks to huma ns and the

4、 en vir onment.UNEP （联合国环境规划署）清洁生产是指将综合预防的环境保护策略持续应用 于生产过程和产品中，以期减少对人类和环境的风险。Cleaner production as used in this Law means the continuous application of measures fordesign improvement （改进设计） ,utilization of clean energy and raw materials, the implementati on of adva need processes 工艺）,tech no logies

5、and equipme nt, improveme nt ofman ageme nt and comprehe nsive utilizati on of resources to reduce polluti on at source,enhance the rates of resource utilizati on efficie ncy, reduce or avoid polluti on gen erati onand discharge in the course of product ion, provisi on of services and product use, s

6、o as todecrease harm to the health of huma n beings and the en vir onment清洁生产促进法中清洁生产的定义：清洁生产是指不断采取改进设计，使用清洁的能源和原料，采用先进的工艺技术与设备，改善管理，综合利用等措施， 从源头消减污染，提高资源利用效率，减少或者避免生产服务和产品使用过程中 污染物的产生和排放，以减轻或者消除对人类健康和环境的危害。2.2. Target （目的） of clea ner product ionprotect huma n being and en vir onment, enhance the p

7、rofit of the orga ni zatio n2.3. Try to describe the category （种类 范畴）of cleaner production audit （审核）Accord ing to Clea ner product ion promoti on law, CP audit can be divided intovoluntary （自愿）audits and compulsory audits （强制性审核）.2.4 Try to talk about the time limitatio n of clea ner product ion au

8、dit for variousen terprises自企业名单公布后一年以内完成审核。强制性清洁生产审核的企业应当在名单公布后二个月内开展清洁生产审核。(1) 双有”企业，两次审核的间隔时间不得超过五年；(2)五个重金属污染防治重点行业的重点企业，每两年完成一轮清洁生产审核；(3) 七个产能过剩行业的重点企业，每三年完成一轮清洁生产审核；(4) 重点企业清洁生产行业分类管理名录确定的其他重污染行业的重点企业， 每五年开展一轮清洁生产审核；(5) 自愿实施清洁生产审核的企业可以向有管辖权的发展改革(经济贸易)行政主管部门和环境保护行政主管部门提供拟进行清洁生产审核的计划，并按照清洁生产审核计划

9、的内容、程序组织清洁生产审核。2.5、 Describe the procedure of CP audit清洁生产审核程序包括审核预备、预审核、审核、方案的产生和筛选、可行性分 析、方案的实施、持续清洁生产。Cleaner production audit program including audit preparation, preliminary review, audit,scheme gen eratio n and scree ning, feasibility an alysis, project impleme ntatio n, con ti nuous clea ner

10、production2.6、 When the enterprise violates which items can be seen as not pass the cleanerproduction assessment (当企业违反了哪些项目，可以被视为不通过清洁生产评 估)2.7、When the enterprise violates which items can be seen as not pass theassessment of clea ner product ion audit1. 不满足评估标准中的任何一条Do not satisfy the evaluation c

11、riteria of any one2. 清洁生产审核报告质量上存在重大问题，主要指：(1) 审核重点设置错误或清洁生产目标设置不合理。(2) 没有对本次审核范围做全面的清洁生产潜力分析。(3) 数据存在重大错误，包括相关数据与环境统计数据偏差较大等。3. 企业没有按国家规定淘汰命令禁止的生产技术、工艺、设备以及产品。4. 在清洁生产审核过程中弄虚作假。2. Clea ner product ion audit report on the quality of the major problems exist mai nlyrefers to:(1) the key point sett in

12、g error or clea n producti on goal sett ing is not reas on able.(2) not to make a comprehe nsive range of the audit of clea ner product ion pote ntial analysis.(3) data there are big mistakes, including related data and environmental statistics, suchas large deviatio n.3. The enterprise did not acco

13、rding to the provisions of the state out of the banned production tech no logies, processes, equipme nt and products.4. In the clea n product ion audit fraud in the process.2.8 When the enterprise violates which items, can be seen as not pass the check andaccepta nee of clea ner producti on audit(1)

14、不满足验收标准中的任何一条Dont meet the accepta nee sta ndard of any one企业在方案实施过程中弄虚作假，虚报环境和经济效益，包括相关数据与环 境统计数据偏差较大情况Enterprises in the implementation process of deception, any environmentai and economic ben efits, in clud ing related data and en vir onmen tai statistics data deviati on largersituati on2.9. Try

15、to describe the eight factors related to wastes produce.(1) Raw materials and en ergies ( 2 ) Tech no logies ( 3 ) Equipme nts(4) Control of the production processes (5) Products (6) Wastes (7) Managements (8)Stuff2.10. Where the driv ing force come from for the en terprises to carry out CP audit(1)

16、企业对 CP 感兴趣：(用户压力：生意上的竞争，竞争对手，借贷人的要求， 市场潜力；外部压力：职工家庭，政府机构贸易协会；管理压力：地方团体，法律 和标准，法规体系；来自内部的压力：社会责任，生意事宜，贸易联合，职工健 康)(2)受市场驱动而参加 CP2.12、Definition of Pay Back Period, NPV, Internal Rate of ReturnPay Back Period : The payback period of an investment is essentially a measure of howlong it takes to break-ev

17、en for an investment. In other words - how many weeks, monthsoryears does ittake toget back the in vestme nt capital that has bee n laid out for a project or a piece of equipment.Internal Rate of Return : Many readers are likely more familiar with the term return oninvestment ( ROI ) . ROI is define

18、d as the interest rate that would result in a return on theinvested capital equivalent tothe project return. NPV: The prese nt value of net ben efits(PVNB) shows the worth of a polluti on prevention project in terms of a present value sum.The PVNB is determined by calculat ing the prese nt value of

19、all ben efits, doing the samefor all costs, and the n subtract ing the two totals.投资回收期的定义、净现值、内部收益率投资回收期本质上是一个衡量需要多长时间才能盈亏平衡的投资。换句话说，有多少几周、几个月或者几年才能找回自己的投资资本，一直追寻的一个项目或一个块设备。许多读者可能更熟悉术语投资回报(ROI)。ROI 被定义为利率，会导致投资资本回 报率相当于项目的回报。净收益的现值(PVNB)显示了价值的一个污染防治项目方面的现值总和。这个 PVNB 是由计算现值的所有好处，做同样的所有成本，然后减去两个总数。2

20、.13. Definition of cleaner production auditDefinition:“ Cleaneiproduction audit ”as mentioned in these Measures shallmean the process of follow ing certa in procedures to in vestigate into and diag nosethe product ion and service process so as to find out the causesof high en ergyconsumption, high m

21、aterial consumption and heavy pollution and to render solutionsfor reducing the use and production of toxic or harmful materials and decreasingenergy consumption, material consumption and wastes, and therefore to select thetechnically, economically and environmentally feasible clea ner producti on pla ns.清洁生产审核，是指按照一定程序，对生产和服务过程进行调查和诊断，找出能耗高、物耗高、污染重的原因，提出减少有毒有害物料的使用、产生