名词性从句常见错误例析

1、名词性从句中要注意的几个问题一. 名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致、语序主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句， 谓语动词用单数。如：When the meet ing will begi n has not bee n decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not bee n decided yet.名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter wi

2、th me.We vdneard the news that well move into the new house.二. 名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do, should可省略1. He gave me a suggesti on that I ( should ) be calm now.2. The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.三. whatever/whoe

3、ver 的功用：Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。Whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone who1. Whoever breaks the law is to be puni shed.Anyone who breaks the law is to be puni shed.2. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do anything that he wants them

4、 to do.疑问词 + ever和no matter +疑问词的区别： 疑问词+ ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be pun ished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 疑问词+ ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be puni shed,Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter wh

5、at you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be puni shed.No matter+疑问词可换成疑问词 +ever四. 几个固定句式： 强调句 It is/was +强调部分+ that.如果强调部分是疑问词)Who is it that spoke first?When was it that they came here? 关于doubtsb. doubt if/whethersb. don t/doesn t that There is no doubt thatThere is no

6、doubt that he will win the game. 疑问词+ do you think+(用陈述句语序)Who do you thi nk we in vited to give us the talk?名词性从句常见错误例析1. 【误】 He will come back surprises all of us.【正】 That he will come back surprises all of us.【析】 that引导名词性从句时，尽管无意义也不充当成分，但除了在动词后引导单个 宾语从句时可省略外，其它情况不能省略。2. 【误】 That he really means

7、is what he doesn t agree with us.【正】 What he really means is that he doesn t agree with us.【析】 that和what均可引导名词性从句，区别在于：what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语，而that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。误句的主语从句应该用what作means的宾语，表语从句中应该用that，that在从句中不作任何成分。3. 【误】The n ews which our team had won pleased every one.【正】The n ews that our tea

8、m had wonpleased every one.【析】 which在此句中不充当成分，说明从句不是定语从句而是同位语从句。同位语从 句不 能用which引导，故改为that。4. 【误】 The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless.【正】 The reason why he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.【析】 主语为reason时，引导表语从句的关联词一般用that，不用because，构成The reason why/for

9、which/that/for . . . is that .句型。because 引导名词性从句只用于 It/This/That is because .结构。5. 【误】 It is unknown that where we will have the meeti ng. 【正】 It is unknown where we will have the meeti ng.that与连接副词不可并用。【析】名词性从句一般只能用一个引导词，连接词6. 【误】 The problem is whe n will he come back.【正】 The problem is whe n he w

10、ill come back.【析】名词性从句应该用陈述句语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”。7. 【误】 Could you tell me which was the way to the Science Museum?【正】 Could you tell me which is the way to the Science Museum?【析】当主句为过去时态的时候，宾语从句中要用过去的某种时态。但该句中的could不是表示过去，而是表示一种委婉的语气，故宾语从句中的谓语动词应用一般时态。8. 【误】 If he is an engineer is unknown.【正】 Whether he

11、 is an engin eer is unknown.【析】 if不能用来引导主语从句，在表示“是否”这一意义时要用whether 。9. 【误】I have bee n worry ing about if I have hurt her feeli ngs.【正】 I have bee n worry ing about whether I have hurt her feeli ngs.【析】 if和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换。但介词后的宾语从句及主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether引导。10. 【误】What he n eeds are eno ugh

12、time and what I n eed is eno ugh books.【正】What he n eeds is eno ugh time and what I n eed are eno ugh books.【析】名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。但what引导主语从句时，若表语为单数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数；若表语为可数名词复数，则谓语动词常用复数。11. 【误】No matter who comes to visit the exhi-biti on is welcome.【正】 Whoever comes to visit the exhibiti on is we

13、lcome.【析】“No matter +疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，wh- + ever ”既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。12. 【误】 I II make known to all that you were not honest.【正】 I ll make it known to all that you were not honest.【析】当宾语从句前有形容词或名词作宾补时，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。其句式为：主语+动词+形式宾语it +宾补（形容词或名词）+宾语从句。又女口： I found it quite pleasant that I wo

14、rked with him.13. 【误】 He is said that he has gone to America.【正】It is said that he has gone to America.【析】It is said that 是一固定句型，it为形式主语，不可用其他词代替。14. 【误】My suggesti on is that we will lear n more words by heart.【正】 My suggesti on is that we should lear n more words by heart.【析】 主语为suggestion, advice

15、, order, proposal等名词时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，即用“（should）+动词原形”的结构。这些名词的同位语从句也要用虚拟语气。15. 【误】 Why we decided to put off the meeting is because we had some difficulty in prepari ng it.【正】 Why we decided to put off the meeting is that we had some difficulty in prepari ng it.【析】why引导主语从句时，表语从句要用that弓I导。练习一：单句改错1. Th

16、at the earth tur ns around the sun are known to all.2. When the meeting will be held haven t been known yet.3.I didn t know that you will come.4. He said that he is writing a story.5. Could you tell me whe n will he arrive?6. You can begi n to see why does En glish have such stra nge rules.练习二：用that

17、 / what填空：1. he wants is a book.2. he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result iswe won the game.4. This iswe want to know.5.1she told us true ?6. We should pay attention tothe teacher issaying.7. I have no doubthe will come.8. I have no ideahe did that afternoon.9. has made Chinait is now.用 if /

18、whether 填空1.1 asked hershe had a bike.2. we will hold a party in the open airtomorrow depends on the weather.3. We re worried about e is safe.4. I don t knowhe is well or not.5. I don t knowor not he is well.6. The question ishe should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the questionthe old man wi

19、ll recover soon.8. I don t know_o go.9. you are not free tomorrow, I ll go without you.用 that /( that)填空：1don t thinkshe is coming.2t is a pityhe has made such a mistake.3. The reason ishe is careless .4. The newsour team won the matchinspired us.5don t think it necessaryyou shouldread English aloud

20、.6.He told mehis father had diedandhe had to make a living alone.用 that/ whether / where/ how 填空1.1 have no ideahe comes from.2. He can t answer the questionhegot the money.3. He gave us many suggestionsweshould get up earlier and take more exercise.4have no doubthe will win.5. I have some doubthe w

21、ill win.练习三：区别同位语从句/定语从句1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.3. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admittedinto university.4. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great

22、 value.5 I heard about the news that he got a full mark in this examination.6. This is good news that I heard from Mary.7. He can t answer the question how he got the money.8. This is an easy question that he answered in class.练习五：名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1. He has done what he can to help me.-He has donehe

23、 can to help me.2. What I want to say has nothing to do with it.-I want to say has nothing to dowith it.3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. breaks the law is to be punished.4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most.He will give the dictionary toneeds it most.5. We ll remember

24、whomever we turned to for help.Wd ll rememberwe turned to for help.6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will dohe wants them to do.7. I ll read whichever book you give me.I ll readof thebooks you give me.练习四：1t now appearsthey are in need of help.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how2t is good n

25、ewsthey will arrive in a few days.A. whichB. what3.ItJoe drives badly.A. thought thatC. is thought what4the is late for class.A. may thatC. may be that5. This isshe was born.A. whereB. which6. The question iswe canA. thatB. whatC. thatB. thinks thatD. is thought thatB. might thatD. might be whatC. that t go there today.C. whichD. how7.The question isit is worth