机械手臂外文翻译

1、外文出处： Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Machining 附件 1：外文原文ManipulatorRobot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. Industrial rob ot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in b

2、oth structure and performance advantages of their own people and mac hines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operat ions and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national econom y and there are broad p

3、rospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, t here has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labo r productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usua lly still use manual or traditio

4、nal relay-controlled semi-automatic device. The former time-consum ing and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fa ult more maintenance problem

5、s and other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot

6、 technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydrau lic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and oth er fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology.First, an overview of industrial manipulatorRobot is a kind of positionin

7、g control can be automated and can be re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object i n order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products ind ustry, although still a labor-intensive,

8、mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular. Elect ronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very e arly in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But now the changes are those found in industrial-intensive South C

9、hina, East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, beca use they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work-relate d injuries fee challenges.With the rapid

10、 development of China's industrial production, especially the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and asse mbly operations

11、since, which has more and more attracted our attention. Robot is to imitate the ma nual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture , handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machin

12、e shop, the processing of parts loading ti me is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometime s man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could rep lace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there

13、are a few people, and can operate 24 hour s saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it.Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor produ ctivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring product quality, to achieve safe prod

14、uction; particularl y in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as poor environment can replace the normal working people. Here I would l ike to think of designing a robot to be used in actual production.Why would a robot

15、 designed to provide a pneumatic power: pneumatic robot refers to the comp ressed air as power source-driven robot. With pressure-driven and other energy-driven comparison have the following advantages: 1. Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, do es not require recycling and

16、disposal, do not pollute the environment. (Concept of environmental p rotection) 2. Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small (typically less than asphalt gas pa th pressure drop of one-thousandth), to facilitate long-distance transport. 3. Compressed air of the working pressure is low

17、 (usually 4 to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the mate rial components and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. 4. With the hydraulic t ransmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic outstanding. 5. The air cleane

18、r media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. But ther e are also places where it fly in the ointment: 1. As the compressibility of air, resulting in poor aer odynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velo city and not easily con

19、trolled. 2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too large; in order to increase the output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic system size increased.With pneumatic drive and compare with other energy sources drive has the following advantage s:Air

20、inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. Accidental or a small amount of leakage would not be a serious impa ct on production. Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-d istanc

21、e transport.The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and therefore the materi al and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. In general, reciprocating thrust in 1 t o 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster act

22、ion and reaction, which is one of th e outstanding merits of pneumatic.Clean air medium, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. It can be safely used in fl ammable, explosive and the dust big occasions. Also easy to realize automatic overload protection. Second, the composition, mech

23、anical handRobot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more complicated, but the basic form is the same as the composition of the , Usually by the implementing agencies, transmis sion systems, control systems and auxiliary devices composed.1. Implementing agenciesManipulato

24、r executing agency by the hands, wrists, arms, pillars. Hands are crawling institution s, is used to clamp and release the workpiece, and similar to human fingers, to complete the staffin g of similar actions. Wrist and fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up and down , left, and rot

25、ary movement. A simple mechanical hand can not wrist. Pillars used to support the ar m can also be made mobile as needed.2. TransmissionThe actuator to be achieved by the transmission system. Sub-transmission system commonly us ed manipulator mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumati

26、c and electric power tra nsmission and other drive several forms.3. Control SystemManipulator control system's main role is to control the robot according to certain procedures, d irection, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not set up a dedicated co ntrol system, u

27、sing only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the requirements of action. Actio n will have to use complex programmable robot controller, the micro-computer control. Three, mechanical hand classif

28、ication and characteristicsRobots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery does not re quire manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be progra mmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of th

29、e provisions. It is character ized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence tern ary machinery. The second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. I t originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operatio

30、n of machines to complete a pa rticular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines suc h as the Moon. Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this category. The third category is ded icated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines

31、or automatic lines, to solve the machine up and down the workpiece material and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign count ries known as the "Mechanical Hand", which is the host of services, from the host-driven; excepti on of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed,

32、and therefore special.Main features:First, mechanical hand (the upper and lower material robot, assembly robot, handling robot, stac king robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane, labor-saving spreader, p neumatic balancer, etc.).Second, cantilever cranes (cantilever crane,

33、electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, e tc.)Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder cranes, double-beam cran e)Four, industrial machinery, application of handManipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process developed a new ty

34、 pe of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology , which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the com binati

35、on of mechanization and automation.Although the robot is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work an d labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight characteristics when compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of

36、 great importance to many se ctors, and increasingly has been applied widely, for example:(1) Machining the workpiece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, combinat ion machine tool use is more common.(2) In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry, it

37、can be used to asse mble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry It can be used to assemble parts and compo nents.(3) The working conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working e nvironment to replace human labor.(4) May be in dangerous situations, such as milit

38、ary goods handling, dangerous goods and haza rdous materials removal and so on.(5) Universe and ocean development.(6) , military engineering and biomedical research and testing.Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, ma nual Transfer machine is a

39、kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, time-saving tec hnology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of non-standard d esign of series products. Customer application needs, creating customized cases. Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic m

40、achinery, it can be a fixed program draws 、handling objects o r perform household tools to accomplish certain specific actions. Application of robot can replace t he people engaged in monotonous 、 repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and aut omation of production, instead of people in

41、 hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiments, the first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe roo m to manipulate various operations and experiment

42、ation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unl oading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and

43、 processing center applications, the completio n of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according t o fixed procedures for the replacement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports instit utions. Agencies with the use of hands and operation of

44、 objects of different occasions, often there are clamping 、 support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are generally hydraulic pn eumatic 、 electrical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable 、rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom.

45、 Robots are widely used in me tallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy sectors.Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixd procedure for the capture, handling objects or operating tools, automatic operation device. It can replace human labor in ord

46、er to achie ve the production of heavy mechanization and automation that can operate in hazardous environm ents to protect the personal safety, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, e lectronics, light industry and nuclear power sectors. Mechanical hand tools or other equipmen

47、t co mmonly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and transmission of the workpiece, the replacement of cutting tools in machining centers, etc. generally do not have a separate control device. Some operating devices require direct manip ul

48、ation by humans; such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as mechanical hand.Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions. Task of hand is holding the workpiece (or t ool) components, according to gra

49、sping objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational re quirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type, type and adsorption-based care suc h as holding. Sports organizations, so that the completion of a variety of hand rotation (swing), mo bile or compound movements to ach

50、ieve the required action, to change the location of objects by g rasping and posture.Robot is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece f eatures automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a ne w type of device. In recen

51、t years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of ro bot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technol ogy, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and

52、 automation. Robot can replace humans completed the risk of d uplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor productivity. Manip ulator has been applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts a ssembly, work piece handling, loading and

53、 unloading, particularly in the automation of CNC mach ine tools, modular machine tools more commonly used. At present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important component o f the FMC. The machine tool equipment and machinery in

54、 hand together constitute a flexible man ufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume pr oduction, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, compact, and adaptable. When the work piece changes, flexible production system is very ea

55、sy to change will help enterpr ises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to ma rket competition. At present, China's industrial robot technology and its engineering application le vel and comparable to foreign countries there is a certain dista

56、nce, application and industrializatio n of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the le vel of automation in China, from the economy, technical considerations are very necessary. Theref ore, the study of mechanical hand design is very meaningful.附件

57、 1：外文资料翻译译文机械手 机械手是近几十年发展起来的一种高科技自动化生产设备。 工业机械手是工 业机器人的一个重要分支。它的特点是可通过编程来完成各种预期的作业任务， 在构造和性能上兼有人和机器各自的优点， 尤其体现了人的智能和适应性。 机械 手作业的准确性和各种环境中完成作业的能力， 在国民经济各领域有着广阔的发 展前景。随着工业自动化的发展 , 出现了数控加工中心 ,它在减轻工人的劳动强度 的同时, 大大提高了劳动生产率。 但数控加工中常见的上下料工序 , 通常仍采用人 工操作或传统继电器控制的半自动化装置。前者费时费工、效率低 ; 后者因设计 复杂, 需较多继电器 ,接线繁杂 , 易

58、受车体振动干扰 ,而存在可靠性差、故障多、维 修困难等问题。可编程序控制器 PLC 控制的上下料机械手控制系统动作简便、 线路设计合理、具有较强的抗干扰能力 , 保证了系统运行的可靠性 ,降低了维修 率, 提高了工作效率。机械手技术涉及到力学、机械学、电气液压技术、自动控 制技术、传感器技术和计算机技术等科学领域，是一门跨学科综合技术。1工业机械手的概述机械手是一种能自动化定位控制并可重新编程序以变动的多功能机器， 它有 多个自由度， 可用来搬运物体以完成在各个不同环境中工作。 在工资水平较低的 中国，塑料制品行业尽管仍属于劳动力密集型，机械手的使用已经越来越普及。 那些电子和汽车业的欧美跨国

59、公司很早就在它们设在中国的工厂中引进了自动 化生产。但现在的变化是那些分布在工业密集的华南、 华东沿海地区的中国本土 塑料加工厂也开始对机械手表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣， 因为他们要面对工人流失 率高，以及为工人交工伤费带来的挑战。随着我国工业生产的飞跃发展， 特别是改革开发以后， 自动化程度的迅速提 高，实现工件的装卸、转向、输送或操作钎焊、喷枪、扳手等工具进行加工、装 配等作业自化，已愈来愈引起我们重视。机械手是模仿着人手的部分动作， 按给定的程序、轨迹和要求实现自动抓取、 搬运或操作的自动机械装置。在现实生活中， 你是否会发现这样一个问题。 在机械工厂里， 加工零件装料的时 候是不是很烦的，劳动生产率不高， 生产成本大，有时候还会发生一些人为事故， 导致加工者受伤。 想想看用什么可以来代替呢， 加工的时候只要有几个人巡视一 下，且可以二十四个小时饱和运作， 人行吗？回答是肯定的， 但是机械手可以来 代替它。生产中应用机械手可以提高生产的自动化水平和劳动生产率; 可以减轻劳动强度、保证产品质量、 实现安全生产； 尤其是在高温、 高压、