定语从句精讲精练+解析

1、定语从句.定义:定语：定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词或代词。定语从句：用来修饰主句中一个词或词组的句子，称为定语从句。要素：先行词（主句中被修饰的词）；关系代词 副词（从句的引导词）考纲要求：对于定语从句要求掌握以下内容：1. 引导限制性定语从句的关系词2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别4. 介词+关系代词用法5. 不定代词 数词+of which / wh引|r导的非限制性定语从句及其结构与并列句的判断6. 关系词间的转换及选用认识：Han dsome boys = the boys who are h

2、an dsomeBeautiful flowers = the flowers which are beautiful二.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。限制性定语从句 常由 that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,a引导。（一）关系词：关系代词和关系副词1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词:that, who, whom, which, whose用法：先行词人物人+物主语who, thatwhich, thatthat宾语whom, who, thatwhich, thatthat定语

3、whosewhose, of + which/（1）.限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况:a. 先行词为不定代词 everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some等不定代词修饰时用 that。He did everything that he could to help us.There is little that I can do for you.b. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。This is the best book that I've

4、 ever read.This is the first thing that I want to say.c. 当先行词是 one of, the one, 或者先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, jus等修饰时用 that。It is the one that you want.All the things that we can do is to give you some advice.It is the only thing that I

5、like to do.d. 当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时用that。They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school.e. 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，用thatWho is the man that spoke to you at the gate?Which is the star that is nearest to the earth?f. 先行词是主句的表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。He is not the boy that he used to be

6、.China is no longer the country that it used to be.(2).限制性定语从句中只用 which不用that的情况：a. 在非限制性定语从句中She didn 't pass the exam, which made her sad.b. 关系代词前有介词时This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.c. 先行词本身是thatThe clock is that which tells the time.（3）. 限制性定语从句中只用 who 不用 that 的情况：a. 当先行词是指人的 those, an

7、yone, every one, people, he, all, one, few等不定代词时，引导词用 who 而不用 that.I am willing to help those who are in trouble.b. 在there be句型中，先行词指人，关系词用whoThere is an old man who says he is your uncle.练习一.（一）用定语从句将两个分句连接起来1. The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2. The friend was not hungry. He came t

8、o supper last night.3. He likes the cheese. It comes from his parent's farm.4. The noodles were delicious. You cooked them.5. I don 't like the people. They smolkoet. a（二）用适当的关系代词填空1. The girls served in the shop were the owner's daughters.2. The ladder on I am standing was bought in the

9、 supermarket.3The girl I spoke to was a student.4He hides all the people and things he knows.5He saw a house windows were all broken.6All the apples fall are eaten by wild bears.7Can you think of anyone could look after him?8This is the best restaurant I have known.9 . He showed a machineparts are t

10、oo small to be seen.10. You can take any roomyou like.翻译：1. 所需要的只是一张纸和一支笔.2. 我发现那些围在我身边的孩子们在争吵.3. 我决定接受那位独自居住的老奶奶的帮助.4. 我相信这正就是可以让AK爸爸开心的生日礼物.5. AK总是买她同学喜欢喝的旺仔牛奶.2.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词：when, where, why关系副词指示对象充当成分例句whe n时间状语ril n ever forget the days whe n 1 worked together with youThe time whe n we got

11、 together fin ally came.where地点状语This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.The house where I lived ten years ago has bee n pulled dow nShan ghai is the city where I was born.why原因状语Please tell me the reas on why you missed the pla ne.I don ' t know the reason why he looks unhappy tod

12、ay.注意：关系代词与关系副词的关系关系副词=介词+关系代词例句whe n=during / on / in / . which （介词同先行词搭配）I shall n ever forget the day whe n we first metI shall n ever forget the day on which we first met.whereBeiji ng is the place where I was born.=in / a / on / . which （介词同先行词搭配）Beijing is the place in which I was born.why=for

13、 which （先行词一般是 reason）Is this the reas on why he refused our offer?Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?注意：当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因，而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时， 不可用 when, where 或 why,而应该用 that或 which。区别如下：1.1 ' II never forget the days when we worked together.2. I ' ll never forget the days wh

14、ich / that we spegether. （spend 是及物动词，后接宾语）3. I went to the town where I lived ten years ago.4. I went to the place which / that I visited ten years ago.（visit 是及物动词，后接宾语）5. This is the reason why he was late.6. This is the reason which/ that he gave.（giv是及物动词，后接宾语）考点三：the way用做先行词the way做先行词时，先看后面定

15、语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语：缺少主语或宾语：引导词用that / which /不填（缺宾语时）主语宾语都不缺：引导词用that / in which /不填1. The way that/in which/不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2. The way that / which / 不填 he explained to us was quite simple.练习二.（一）选择题1. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned

16、to the small townhe grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. whe n2. He made ano ther won derful discoveryof great importa nee of scie nee.A. which I thi nk isB. which I thi nk it isC. which I think itD. I thi nk which3. The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television

17、peopleundoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. on which4. Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. whatC. whateverD. that5. In the dark street, there wasn ingle pe'rstoan s she could turn for help.A. that B. whoC.

18、 from whom D. to whom6. Is this the factory you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one7. Is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. whereC. whichD. the one8. Is this the plane he came to New York?A. whichB. by whichC. that D. in which9. The day I had b

19、een looking forward at last.A. to comeB. cameC. to comingD. will come10. He is the only one of the teachers who French in our school.A. know B. knows C. that know D. to know （一）用定语从句完成句子1. The supermarket is near my home. My father is working in it.2. There is a big department store. You can buy a l

20、ot of things from it.3. The day was Wednesday. She arrived on this day.4. Do you know the reason? She left for this reason.5. This is the novel. They are talking about the novel.6. The tall boy is my former schoolmate. I was talking to him just now.7. This is the book. You are looking for the book.7

21、. This is the language points. You have to go over them.四.非限制性定语从句： 认识： The old man has a son who is a doctor.The old man has a son ,who is a doctor.(1) 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切 ,从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分。如果去掉，句子的意思就会不 完整或是不明确。译成中文时，一般先译定语从句，再译先行词。I don ' t like people who always think of themselves firs我不喜欢那些总是先为自

22、己着想的人。This is the place where they had a great time befo。这就是他们以前玩得很开心的地方。 (2)非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系比较疏散，从句只是对先行词的附加补充说明。如果去掉它， 句子意思仍然清楚。从句与主句间常用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，从句常单独成句。如：The most important form of energy is electricity，which is widely used in our daily life 。 能源最重要的形式是电能，它在我们的日常生活中得到广泛的应用。All of us went to the

23、Palace Museum，where we visited the clock section。 我们所有人都去了故宫博物馆，在那里我们参观了钟表馆。(1) 非限制性定语从句不能用 that 来引导，并且所有的关系代词和副词都不能省略。(2) 当关系代词代替修饰的不是前面的代词，而是前面一整句话时，应用非限制性定语从句，关系代词用 which 或 as。女口： He is a handsome man, which / as is known to allAs is known to all, he is a handsome man不定代词 数词+of which / whom的使用（1）

24、 上周我见过一些外国人，他们中有一些中文很好的Last week I met some foreigners some of whom speak good Chinese（2） 他们买了很多桌子，其中三张非常漂亮。They bought a lot of tables，three of which are extremely beautiful。五 .As 引导定语从句的情况as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。1. 在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。Such men as heard him were deeply m

25、oved听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作 heard的主语）rve never heard such stories as he tells我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell 的宾语）He lifted so heavy a sto ne as no one else can lift他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中 lift 的宾语）比较： 在the same as结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，the same as强调相同，the same that 注重同一。She wore the same dress as her

26、 younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物）She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 （that 指的是与先行词同一事物）2. 在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之 后，一般用逗号与主句分开 。As every one kno ws, Taiwa n bel ongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。He is from the south, as

27、 we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知 道。必背：一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。as is known to all 这是众所周知的as has bee n said befor如口 前所说as is ofte n the case青况常常如此as may be imagined 这可以想象得出as has bee n poin ted ou正如已经指出的那样as often happens 这种青况常常发生练习三：（一）单项选择 。1. They have again invited me to visit

28、their country, is very kind of them.A. that B. which C. whenD. where2. is known to all, water is an important kind of natural resource.A. As B. Which C. WhoD. When3. The leader of the team is a 44-year-old Frenchman, wife is also a team member.A. who B. whomC. which D. whose4. I'm to fly to Kunm

29、ing, it is warm in this season.A. which B. asC. where D. when5. He said he would come to my house to see me tomorrow afternoon, I will have someother friends to play together.A. when B. where C. which D. whom （二）根据汉语，完成英语句子。1. 屋子里都是孩子，其中十个是那个老人自己的孙子。The house was full of children, .2. 我们学校有许多实验室，其中最

30、大的是去年建造的。Our school has many laboratories, .3. 我去年买的那幢房子带着一个漂亮的花园。My house, , has got a lovely garden.4. 我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。We walked down the village street, .5. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。A middle-aged woman killed her husband, .（三）翻译：1.我们在讨论一些你们不确定的事情。2.这就是你们上次参观过的学校吗？3. 我会把昨天他告诉我的事情全部告诉你。4. 他考试

31、没通过，这使他妈妈非常生气。5. 正在隔壁房间唱英文歌的女孩是 Tom 的妹妹。高考英语真题 定语从句1. The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. WhichB. whereC.whatD.in which2.Do you know theman ?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC.I spoke toD.that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C

32、. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. whenD. on which5. That is the day I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in whichD. when6. The factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whi

33、chC. whichD. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.9.Can you lend me the book the other day?A. whereB. that8. This is one of the best films A. that have been shown this year C. that has been shown this yearC. whichD. thereB. that have shown D. that you ta

34、lkedA. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked10. The pen he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. which D. that12. The engineer my father works is a

35、bout 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class family is in the country?A. whoB. who's C. which D. whose14. I'm interested in you have said.A. all thatB. all what C. that D. which15. I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A. wh

36、ichB. who C. what D. as16. He isn't such a man he used to be.A. whoB. whom C. that D. as17. He is good at English, we all know.A. thatB. as C. whom D. what18. Li Ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I went C. with who I wentD.I went with him19.I don't like as

37、you read.A. the novelsB. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20. He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what21. The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,

38、 two thirds of are women.A. themB. which C. whomD. who23. You're the only person I've ever met could do it.A. who; /B. /; whomC. whom; /D. /; who24.I lost a book, I can't remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake,

39、 Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what26.I have bought such a watch was advertised on T. VA. thatB. whichC. asD. it27.I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. when; which B. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when28. The way

40、 he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. /29. This is the reason he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which30. This machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked aft

41、erD. I have looked after31. The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. for that; thatD. for which; what32. He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.A. that B. which C. for which D. who33. That is not the way I do it.A. /B. whichC. for whichD. with which34.I

42、have two grammars, are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wasB. which wasC. as wereD. which36. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A. who B.

43、which C. that D. it37. This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. that B. whichC. from thatD. from which38. He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. /B. whyC. whenD. whose40. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, howe

44、ver, popular.A. thatB. whichC. itD. though41. - Did you ask the guard happened?- Yes, he told me all he knew.A. what; thatB. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm withthe farmers, has a great effect on my life.A. when; whoB. that; whichC. whic

45、h; thatD. when; which43. The number of the people who cars increasing.A. owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are44. During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followedB. followingC. to followD. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. whichD. it46. The

46、 clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see was going on inside house.A. which; whatB. through which; whatC. through that; whatD. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last week?A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, had be

47、en expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpens, writes well.D. none of whichA. none of them B. neither of themC. neither of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been参考答案及解析1. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语 2C. "和谁讲话 ”要说 speak to

48、 sb. 本题全句应为 Do you know the man whom I spoke to。. whom 是关系代词，作介词 to 的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which 是关系代词，在从句中作 forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第 5 题。7. A. 解析见第 3 题。8. A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的 被动语态have been shown如果句中的one前面使用

49、了定冠词the,则the one应该视为先行 词。9. A.谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用 which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which 是"介词+关系代词 "结构,常用来引导定语从句 .with 有"用"的意思,介词之后只 能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语，即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which

50、在从句中作状语 .12. D. with whom 引导定语从句.with whom 放在从句中即为：my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语.14. A. that引导定语从句，因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. D. the same .a是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语 .16. D. such 是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制

51、性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也 可置于主句前。在本句中，as作宾语.18. B. Li Mi ng enjo yed it very much 是主句,with whom I went to the concert 是定语从句.with whom 放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Mi ng.19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas或 the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词， as 为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句

52、。 as 在从句中可以作主语、 表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时，要用such a.本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名 词.20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人，又表示物的名词时, 其关系代词要用 that.21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从句 ,who 作从句的主语 .22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行词person后有两个定语从句，第一个从句省略了关系代词 whom.因为，whom作从句 中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句w