宾语从句(学生版)

1、 中国领先的个性化教育品牌华大教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级：初三 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 陈薇授课类型 C宾语从句三要素C 宾语从句句式变换C直接引语和间接引语授课日期及时段教学内容一、专题精讲 知识点1：宾语从句的概念和结构在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。即当宾语是由一个句子在充当时，这个句子就叫宾语从句。结构：主句 + 连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句如： I love what you gave me.主句连接词从句例：判断下列句子哪些是宾语从句，是的打T，错的打F。1. This is the man who gave me the book

2、 .2.I have a sister who works in Shanghai.3.We know that we should keep the earth clean.4.I know that he lives here.5.We dont know if our teachers will attend the meeting.6.He asked me which coat I liked best.7.If it is fine tomorrow, I will go on a trip.8.She doesnt think that she can pass the exam

3、.9.He is disappointed because he failed again.10.Please tell me how I can get there.知识点2：宾语从句的引导1. that引导的宾语从句陈述句（肯定或否定）作宾语从句，由连词that引导。因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： I think (that) this answer is correct. I know nothing about him 

4、;except (that) he lives the next door.Im sure (that) Mary will come here on time.2if或whether引导的宾语从句一般疑问句作宾语从句，由连词whether或if引导，因为if/whether在句中翻译成“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，且宾语从句要用陈述句语序。例如： I want to know whether/if

5、0;you will come soon. I wonder whether/if youd like to read the novel. 后接if/whether的常见词有：want to know/wonder/doubt/Im not sure。if和whether的区别：能用whether不能用if的几种情况：宾语从句中有or not时（意思为“或不是”，“或没有”），则用whetheror not；如： I am not s

6、ure whether it will be fine or not tomorrow.（我不能肯定明天天气是好还是不好。）在介词后； e.g. It depends on whether it is going to rain.whether 后可接动词不定式；She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait. whether可做主语。Whether the news is true remains a question.能用if不能用whether的情况：If

7、除了表示“是否”引导宾语从句外，还可表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，此时从句遵守“主将从现”原则，如：You will achieve great success, if you have a dream and believe in it.3wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句作宾语从句由疑问代词who、whom、whose、what、which等或疑问副词when、where、how、why等引导，例如： Do you know when the meeting will begin?（你知道会议什么时候开始？） Cou

8、ld you tell me who teaches us English?（你能告诉我谁教我们英语吗？） Do you know which is faster, a car or a plane?（你知道飞机和小汽车哪一个快？） I was surprised at what he had done.（他所做的事使我吃惊。）I wonder&#

9、160;how much these shoes cost.（我不知道这些鞋子多少钱。）例1：I hear _ he will be back in a month. A. whether B. that C. what D. which例2：The teacher asked me _ I needed any help. A. whether B. that C. what D. which例3：Does the teacher know _ will come this afternoon?Yes, he does.A. which B. whos

10、e C. where D. who例4：Do you know _I saw yesterday? It was my favorite star, Jackie! A. whom B. when C. where D. how例5：Teenagers with working experiences know more clearly _ they will be in the future. A. whoB. whyC. whereD. what 知识点3：宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态根据实际情况而定。如：She knows

11、(that) her parents will arrive in Nanjing tomorrow.I know (that) he lived here five years ago.We have heard (that) she practises dancing every day.I am looking for where my purse is.2. 如果主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时），那么从句要用相应的过去的具体状态。时态变化的规律如下表：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般

12、将来时过去将来时如：I didnt know (that) he would come.Miss Li told us (that) she had seen the film. I saw (that) she was talking with her mother注意如果主句中出现could you/would you, 要提醒学生这些不是过去时，而只是表示委婉语气，用法视为一般现在时，所以从句依具体时态而定。3. 从句是客观真理、定义、公理或定理当从句是客观真理、定义、公理或定理时，不论主句是何种时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us (that) the

13、earth travels around the sun.She said (that) two plus three is five.例1：-Could you tell me_? -At nine oclock, in ten minutes. A. how will he leave B. when he has left C. why he is leaving D. when he will leave例2：-I wonder . -Shandong Province.A. when will Peng Liyuan come B. where Peng Liyuan is from

14、C. where Peng Liyuan came fromD. how Peng Liyuan will come例3：- Could you tell me ? I'm going to pick you up at the airport. -At 15:45 this Friday. A. where you met me B. who you are coming withC. when you came here D. what time you are arriving例4：-Dad, please tell me when Mum _. I miss her very

15、much. -She will return when she _her task. And she will bring a nice present for you.A. returns; finishes B returns; will finish C. will return; finishes D. will return; will finish例5：-Do you know _this afternoon? -Im not sure, but Ill tell you as soon as she _.A. how will Betty arrive; starts B. ho

16、w Betty will arrive; will startC. what time will Betty arrive; will start D. what time Betty will arrive; starts知识点4：宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即主语在前谓语在后，即使宾语从句本身是疑问句，也要将其变成陈述句语序。e.g. I heard (that) he won a prize. They dont know where he is.如果whats wrong / whats the matter在句中充当宾语从句，语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中

17、作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。e.g. I want to know whats wrong with you. She doesnt know whats the matter with him. Jack didnt know what happened. I want to know whats on the desk.批注：宾语从句用法口诀学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑；主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句；That连接陈述句，省与不省没关系；从句若表“是否”时，if/whether

18、要慎记；特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词；三个重点需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。例1：I wonder _ at 8:00 last night? I was watching NBA.A. What were you doing B. What did you do C .what you were doing D. What are you doing例2：I dont remember_ the book yesterday.A. where I put B. where did I putC. where will I put D. where l will put例3：I dont know

19、 _. Because he has to look after his mother.A. why he is leaving B. why is he leavingC. whether he is leaving D. whether is he leaving例4：Can you tell me _? A. how much is the red sweater B. how much the red sweater is C .whats the price of the red sweater D. how many the red sweater is例5：Excuse me,

20、Could you tell ?Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left. A. where is the museum B. which is the way to the museum C. how far is the museum D. how can I get to the museum二、专题过关检测题：单项选择1. Could you tell me _? To get ready for the High School Entrance Exam. A. what he is busy B. why

21、 he stays up C. if he is worried D. where he can pass the exam2. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _. A. how much it costB. how much it costs C. how much did it costD. how much does it cost3. Oh, sorry, Im late. I couldnt remember _. Thats all right. Come on. A. where is your house B. wh

22、ere your house is C. where was your house D. where your house was4. Do you know _ the English speech competition?Next Friday evening.A. when our school will hold B. when will our school holdC. our school when will hold D. our school will when hold5. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come ho

23、me B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game6. Bob, please tell me . In South Hill School.A. where will the match be heldB. where the match will be heldC. when will the match be heldD. when the match will be held7. Daddy and Mummy, you are back from th

24、e supermarket. Can you tell me _?A. how you go there B. how many pieces of bread you buyC. how much milk did you buy D. if you bought my favourite ice cream8. -Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China? -Yes, I am still wondering .A. how is Chinese paper cut made B. how was the Grea

25、t Wall built in ancient timesC. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon danceD. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival9. Could you tell me _?At the end of July.A. how often he heard from his pen pal B. how soon he will be hereC. that he went on vacation D. when y

26、ou will start your vacation10 . Fathers Day is coming. Im thinking about _.A. what present I gave him B. where we had a big mealC. how I will give him a surprise D. if I planned a party for him 11. We havent discussed yet _.A. where we are going to put our new tablewww.zz&step*.comB. where are w

27、e going to put our new tableC. what we are going to put our new table D. what are we going to put our new table12. Can you tell me in the future?来源:中教%#网 A. how life will be like B. how will life be like C. what life will be like D. what will life be likewww.zzs%tep&13. I wonder _.A. if Dr Ma st

28、ill works on the ORBIS plane B. how much does the tallest man in the world weighC. when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industrywww.%zzste&p.co#D. that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon14. Could you please tell me_?Theyre over there.A. where are the restrooms B. where were the

29、restrooms C. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were15. How soon will you start your journey? Im not sure. I havent decided _.A when shall I ask the boss for leave B where I will go to spend the holidayC whether I would go by train or by plane D who could invite me to go三、学法提炼1、专题特点宾语从句是

30、初中阶段一个很重要的语法点，常以单项选择和句式转换的形式出现。2、解题方法首先判断句子是否是宾语从句，即从句是否位于动词或介词之后，有别于状语从句或定语从句；其次对于单项选择，先运用排除法，确定宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序；再次，根据主句的时态选择判断从句的时态，若主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时），那么从句要用相应的过去的具体时态；若客观真理、定义、公理或定理时，不论主句是何种时态，从句都用一般现在时。3、注意事项 如果whats wrong / whats the matter在句中

31、充当宾语从句，语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。if一次两用：在条件状语从句中，if意为“如果”不能用从句中不能用一般将来时，而是用一般现在时代替；if在宾语从句中意为“是否”，从句中可以用一般将来时。一、专题精讲 知识点1：宾语从句与特殊疑问词+不定式间的转化主从句主语相同，或主句宾语和从句主句一致，且从句是特殊疑问词引导的，可以这样转化。以上情况，why除外。e.g. I dont know what I should do. = I dont know what to do. She wanted to know how she co

32、uld get to the hospital. = She wanted to know how to get to the hospital. He told me where I should go. = He told me where to go.同义句转换例1：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?Could you tell me how _ _ to the post office?例2：They havent decided which camera they will choose. They havent d

33、ecided .例3：Do you know when we will visit the Great Wall? Do you know when ?例4：We dont know what we should do next. We dont know what .知识点2：宾语从句“it is +形容词/名词+不定式短语”转换成“it（形式宾语）+形容词/名词（宾语补足语）+不定式短语（宾语）”的复合宾语。如：We all think it a pity that John is too 

34、young to join the army.我们都为约翰由于年龄太小不能当兵而可惜。同义句转换例题1：We found that he was a clever boy.We found .例题2：We find it is difficult to please her. We find .知识点:3：suppose，feel，think，believe，find等后接的宾语从句可转换为含有不定式短语的复合宾语。宾语从句的主语转换成宾语，从句的谓语部分转换成宾语补足语的不定式短语“to be+形容词/名词”。形容词前的to be 可以省略但名词前的不

35、可省。例题1：I find that the plan is interesting. I find . 例题2：All of her friends suppose that she is a good student. All of her friends suppose _. 知识点4：宾语从句的否定前移跟在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，如果主句主语是第一人称，从句谓语时否定的，从句中的否定词not要移到主句谓语上，而将从句谓语变成肯定形式。如：I dont think he has time to play football with

36、 you.例题1：I dont think you are right, _?A. do I B. dont I C. are you D. arent you例题2：My English teacher Ann thinks Im good at English, _?A. doesnt she B. arent I C. does she D. am I二、 专题过关检测题：同义句转换1. I think it is my duty to take good care of my old parents. I think _.2. The girl hopes that she can b

37、e a doctor some day. The girl hopes_.3. Father decided that he would buy a new computer for me.Father decided_.4. He hasnt decided which seat he should take.He hasnt decided_.5. I really dont know where I can find my lost key.I really dont know my lost key.6. Can the computer tell us what we should

38、do next?Can the computer tell us_ next? 7. Can you tell me when to start ?Can you tell me _?8. I cant decide which one to choose.I cant decide_.三、学法提炼1、专题特点宾语从句的句式转换在中考中虽然不会直接以句式转换的形式出现，但在阅读文章中常以长难句的形式出现，因而掌握这部分内容，有利于学生理解阅读文章，提高做题的正确率。2、解题方法首先区分宾语从句的主句和从句，主句一般保持不变，分析从句的主谓部分，复合句改为简单句时，从句中的主语作为简单句动词的宾

39、语，谓语动词变为简单句中的非谓语部分，动词形式一般用动词不定式形式，形容词或名词作为宾语补足语。3、注意事项 注意在宾语从句与特殊疑问词引导的不定式的句式转换中，why不能适用以上原则，即why后不可接动词不定式。一、专题精讲 知识点1：定义直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做“直接引语”；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，这叫做“间接引语”。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。如：John said, "Im going to London with my father." 约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去

40、。"（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 知识点2：用法直接引语变间接引语时，要用连接词引导，从句中人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语要做相应的变化。具体有：1. 人称的变化：在将直接引语变间接引语时，人称变化有一句顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。具体内容是：（1）“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：She said. "

41、My brother wants to go with me."She said her brother wanted to go with her. （2）“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" He asked Kate how her sister was then。（3）“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是

42、第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。2. 时态的变化： 1、与宾语从句时态变化一致；2、但要注意在以下几种情况下，在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 （1）直接引语是客观真理。 如："The earth moves around the sun.” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the

43、sun. （2）直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时时态不变。如：Mr. Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" Mr. Wang said (that) he was born on April 20, 1980. （3）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"Jack asked John where he was going when he met

44、 him in the street。（4）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, "I get up at six every morning." He said (that) he gets up at six every morning. 3. 状语、指示代词、动词的变化： 1、时间状语： 直接引语间接引语nowthentomorrowthe next（following）daytodaythat dayyesterday the day beforenext week（month, year，etc.）t

45、he next（following）week（month, year，etc.）two days agotwo days before last week （month, year，etc.）the week（month, year，etc.）beforethis week（month, year，etc.）that week（month, year，etc.） 2、指示代词：this变that；these 变成those3、地点状语：here变成there 4、动词：come变成go，bring变成take4. 句子结构的变化。1、直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句

46、，that在口语中常省略。例如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 她说他们的公共汽车五分钟后到达。2、直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语时，可以根据内容加一个间接宾语如me, him或us等。如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" He

47、 asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, havent you?" My mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" He asked.He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike. 3、直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问

48、代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 如：She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" She asked me when they had their dinner. 4、直接引语如果是肯定的祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order) sb. to do sth."句型; 直接引语如果是否定的祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order) sb. not)to do sth."句型。如："Bring me a cup of te

49、a, please," she said.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. "Dont make any noise," she said to the children. She told the children not to make any noise. 5、如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。如：The teacher said to me."

50、 You must study hard." The teacher told me that I must study hard.He said, "I could swim when I was only six." He said that he could swim when he was only six. 例：将下列句子变为间接引语1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said

51、0;to him. 2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”3. “I havent heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.4. The geography t

52、eacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”5. She said to him, “Its time that you left here.”二、 专题过关检测题：将下列句子合并为一1. Where do th

53、ey stop on the way? I asked. I asked _on the way.2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?Could you tell me _at the meeting?3. Do they like to play football? Tom asked. Tom asked_ to play football. 4. “I am doing my homework.” He said. He said _his homework. 5.“I will come back.” Tom said. Tom said_ back. 6. She ask