介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

1、“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1. “介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用 which （指物）或whom指人），即:介词 +which/whom。（1）The man

2、to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2. 在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which（ 指物）；that/who/whom （指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1） The man（who/whom /that ）

3、 you spoke to is a teacher.（2） The city（ which/that ） she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for, look after, pay attentionto ,take care of , look forwardto, liste n to等。This is the pen that / which you arelooking for.The patie nt whom she islook ing a

4、fteris her father.The words that /which we shouldpay atte nti on to are writte n on the blackboard.There are fifty patie nts who/whom/that we musttake good care of.练习： Are these sentences right?(1) The man with whom you talked is my frie nd.(2) The man( who/that) you talked with is my friend.(3) The

5、 man with who/that you talked is my friend.(4) The pla ne in which we flew to Can ada is very comfortable.(5) The pla ne in that we flew to Can ada is very comfortable.、关系副词 when, where，why可用“介词+ which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。其中when=表时间的介词(如：in , at,during 等)+which ;Where地点的介词(如：in , at,on,under等)+which

6、;Why表原因的介词(如：for ) +which(1) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词+ which来代替关系副词 wherbI still remember the daywhe n I came here.( on the day =whe n)(2) 当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词+ which来代替关系副词 where。This is the housewhere I lived last year.( in the house= where)(3

7、) 当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which 来代替关系副词 why。There are many reas ons why people like traveli ng.(for the reas ons =why)三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义(重中之重)1. 一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词 的搭配关系选择。(on the day)(spe nd money on sth.)I n ever forget the day on which I came to this school.2. 二动，即根

8、据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yua n.3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。This is my pair of glasses, _without which l cannot see clearly.例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示1. Do you like the bookshe lear ned a lot?2. He paid the boy $10 for wash ing ten win dows, mosthad n't bee n clea ned for at

9、 least a year.3. The towerpeople can have a good view is on the hill.介词+关系代词1) 介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2) that前不能有介词。3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。练习：I. He was educated at a local grammar school,he went on to Cambridge.（05山东卷）A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this2.S

10、he was educated at Beijing University, she went on to have her advaneedstudy abroad.（06 陕西卷）A. after that B. from that C. from whichD. after which3. G un con trol is a subjectAmericans have argued for a long time. （09陕西卷）A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which4. Wind power is an ancie

11、nt source of energywemay return in the near future.（10山东卷）A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which5. The settlement is hometo nearly 1,000 people ,many of left their villagehomes for a better life in the city.（10浙卷）A.whom B.which C.them D.whose6. The English playmy students acted at the New

12、 Year' s party was a greatsuccess. （04 全国 I）A for which B at which C in which D on which7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine mon ths, the s aili ngtime was 226 days. （04 广西）A. of which B. duri ng which C. from which D. for which8. Many people who had seen the film were afraid

13、 to go to the forest when theyremembered the sce nespeople were eate n by the tiger. （05广东卷）A. in which B. by which C. which D. that9. She showed the visitors around the museum,the con struct ion had take n morethan three years. （11 江西卷）A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which10. The place

14、 the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-rivertraffic is the heaviest. （05江苏卷）A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in whichII. Eric received trai ning in the computer for one year,he found a job in abig compa ny.A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after

15、this12. Villagershere depend on the fishing industry,there won't be muchwork.A.where B.that C.by which D.without which13. Last week,o nly two people came to look at the house,wan ted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whomD.n either of whom14. In the office I never seem to have ti

16、me until after 5: 30 pm, manypeople have gone home.A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time15. Whe never I met her,was fairly ofte n, she greeted me with a sweetsmile.（09 山东）A.who B.whichC.whe nD.that16.She brought with her three frie nds,none ofI had ever met before. （09海南）A.themB.whoC.whomD.these17.Many children,pare nts areaway working in big cities,are taken goodcare of in the village. （09安徽）A.theirB.whoseC.of themD.with whom18 was born in NewOrleans, Louis