2019版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit5FirstAid(含解析)新人教版必修5

1、Unit 5 First Aid李仕才一、阅读理解。The English language has an interesting way of classifying words.You might find that a noun acts likean adjective.You know that an adjective modifies（ 修饰 ）,describing a quality of a noun.Forexample,you drink a cup of hot tea.The adjective is hot and the noun is tea.What abo

2、ut lemontea?Lemon is a noun,isnt it?Why is it modifying tea?English often uses nouns as adjectives to modify other nouns.For example,a car that peopledrive in races is a race car.A car with extra power or speed is a sports car.Nouns that modify othernouns are called adjectival nouns.Did you notice s

3、omething unusual about the expressions with the noun car?A car used to raceother cars is a race car.Both nouns are singular.A car that has power and speed is a sports car.Why isthe first noun,sports,plural?A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase backin 1914.Cars were

4、a new thing then.There is no rule about whether the attributive noun is singular or plural.Most of the time it issingular.But if the combination of nouns includes a plural noun,it usually stays that way.The result isphrases like ladies room,not lady room,for a room meant for women and girls,and bean

5、 soup but notbeans soup for a soup made of beans.Some grammar experts think that English speakers are usingmore plural nouns in this way.When writing these attributive nouns in English,learners sometimes wonder about whether touse an apostrophe（撇号 ）to show possession.Is it a ladiesroom?No,it is a la

6、dies room.Attributive nouns do not need the apostrophe.So we write Veterans（ 老兵 ）Day in American English and not Veterans Day or Veterans Day.That means the day is in honorof military veterans,not owned by veterans.1.Whats the topic of this text?A.The function of nouns.B.Special kinds of adjective.C

7、.A special use of nouns.D.The use of adjectives.22._ Adjectival nouns can be used to describeA.adjectivesB.sentencesC.phrasesD.other nouns3.Why is the plural form“ sports ” is used todescribe anoun?A.It is a traditional usage.B.It is a rule of grammar.C.It is a grammar mistake.D.It is a form of stre

8、ss.4.Which of the following is a correct English expression?A.Ladies room.B.Veterans Day.C.Veterans Day.D.Veterans Day.参考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D解析： 1. 主旨大意题。本文谈论名词的一种特殊用法 : 作定语。由第一段得出。 2. 细节理解题。 形容词性名词用来修饰其他名词。 由第二段最后一句 Nouns that modify other nounsare called adjectival nouns 得出。 3. 推理判断题。复数名词 sports

9、 作定语是一种传统用法。由第三段倒数第二句 A search of theInternet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914 得出。 4. 细节理解题。 Veterans Day “美国退伍军人节” ,两个名词之间不是所属关系 ,不能用撇 号。由最后一段得出。 二、单句语法填空1 It is vital that these forms _ (send) back as early as possible.答案：(should) be sent It is vital that .“.是十分重要的”。其中 t

10、hat从句谓语动词应用“ should 动词原形”， should 可以省略。2 _ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.答案：With with the aid/help of .在.的帮助下”。3 Youd better put things back _ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.答案：in in place在适当的位置”。4.We_ (watch) TV when there was a power failure

11、.答案： were watching be doing . when .正在做.这时.，再由 therewas . ”可知应用过去进行时，故填were watching。35.The new tech no logy,if(apply) to rice grow ing, will help increasethe grain output.答案：applied从句为状语从句的省略形式。The new tech no logy 与 apply 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应填过去分词作状语。6.Men and women should_(treat) equally in education a

12、nd employment.答案：be treated treat 和 Men and women 在逻辑上存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。7.His head had struck the wall and_(bleed).答案：was bleeding此处表示头部正在流血，前一分句用了过去完成时，故此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某时正在持续的状态。8.Everyone arrived late at the party for_ (variety) reasons.答案：various修饰名词 reasons 应用形容词，表示各种各样的”，故填 various。9._ Television vi

13、olenee (poison) the minds of young people.答案：is poiso ning表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作，应用现在进行时。10. Doze ns of people got _ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.答案：injured get injured 受伤”。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。When I was young , I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing_

14、1_ that _I could just give what I thought others _2_ and I would get a one way ticket toHappyville(快乐小镇 ).This thought process was _3_ changed when I suffered fromcli ni cal depressi on. _4_ became obvious that what I n eeded, as every one did ,was just the _5_ to love on eself. Apart from that , I

15、had to lear n how to make deeper and moremeanin gful connections _6_ people.My struggle with men tal health was someth ing that _7_ in to a campaig n to let every sin glepers on know that they _8_ an dcould nt be replaced.At high school,it could be _9_ to convey this idea , but I 10 pursued my passi

16、ons (激情).The _11_ of my effort werethe habits and traditi ons I had created to help _12_Every Friday , I went to school with homework treats and _13_ them to those who4seemed to nee d a pick-me-up.1 tried to _14as many names as I possibly could.1had started a club which gave students a _15_ place to

17、 express themselves and learn _16toapply empathy（同感，共鸣 ）in their everyday lives. On my personal socialmedia acco un t, I posted weekly _17_ to inspire both myself and my frien ds.When I go off the college this year, nibe working towards a degree incollege.This will help mestart a non-profitfoundatio

18、nin the future.My _18_ goalis to prove that the world is not a collection of _19_ problems, but somethingthat can be cha nged by even the _20_ actions.1. A.w on deredB.figuredC. doubtedD.predicted2. A.wa ntedB.ignoredC. lostD.ordered3. A.u nfortun ately B.totallyC. regularlyD.accurately4. A.ItB.They

19、C. HeD.This5. A.abilityB.desireC. beliefD.reas on6. A.forB.withC. fromD.about7. A.fellB.dividedC. brokeD.turned& A.matteredB.existedC. survivedD.succeeded9. A.difficultB.funnyC. differentD.perfect10 .A.casuallyB.brieflyC. firmlyD.surely11 .A.difficultyB.purposeC. fruitsD.method12 .A.stra ngersB.tee

20、nagersC. friendsD.families513 .A.ledB.lentC. passedD.limited14. A.writeB. memorizeC. prepareD. recall15. A.quietB. importantC. largeD. safe16. A.howB. whatC. whereD. when17. A.discussionsB. suggestionsC. experience D. theories18. A.finalB. primaryC. simpleD. grand19. A.complexB. unsolvableC. unknown

21、D. terrible20. A.latestB. laziestC. slowestD. smallest【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。 作者与抑郁症作斗争的经历使他转变了思想， 并 用实际行动来帮助青少年和朋友们。 他告诉大家， 每个人都同样重要并且不可替代。 因此我 们必须做出行动，因为即使是最小的行动都可以产生影响。1B 考查动词辨析。句意为： 我以为只要我能给予别人我认为他们想要的东西， 我就 能得到一张去快乐小镇的单程票。A 项意为“想知道”；B 项意为“认为，以为”；C 项意为“怀疑”；D 项意为“预测”。短文第一句说明了作者小时候的想法，即作者认为善良是 一件有益的事情，

22、然后接着详细地解释他的想法。B 项符合语境。故选 B。2.A 考查动词辨析。 A 项意为“想要”； B 项意为“忽视”； C 项意为“丢失”； D 项意为“命令， 订购”。此处指作者认为给予别人他认为别人需要的东西，他就会快乐。A项符合语境。故选 A。3.B 考查副词辨析。A 项意为“不幸地”；B 项意为“完全地”；C 项意为“定期地”；D 项意为“准确地”。由下文可知，因为作者的临床抑郁症，作者以前给予别人想要的东西 的想法变成了努力用他的想法去影响别人， 改变别人， 所以此处表达的是“这个思维过程完 全变了”。B 项符合语境。故选 B。4.A 考查代词辨析。此处为句型“ It become

23、s/became adj. that 从句”，代词 it 为形式主语， that 引导的从句为真正的主语。故选 A。5.A 考查名词辨析。A 项意为“能力”；B 项意6为“渴望”；C 项意为“信念”；D 项意为“理由”。 ability to do sth. 表示“做某件事的能力”，根据语境可知，作者所需 要的和每个人所需要的一样，就是爱自己的能力。A 项符合语境。故选 A。6. B 考查介词辨析。句意为：除了这一点，我必须学会如何与人们建立更深、更有意义的联系。make conn ection with.是固定短语，表示与. 建立联系”。故选7D 考查动词短语辨析。各选项所给动词均可与介词

24、into 构成固定搭配： fall into 意为“跌入”； divide into 意为“分成”； break into 意为“闯入”； turn into 意为“变 成”。 由上文可知， 作者的思维过程改变了， 产生了新的想法，因此作者表达的是他在心理 健康方面的挣扎变成了一场运动。 turn into 符合语境。故选 D。& A 考查动词辨析。A 项意为“重要，有关系”；B 项意为“存在”；C 项意为“幸存”；D 项意为“成功”。根据空格后面的“ and couldn t be replaced ”可推知，此处 表达的是“让每个人都知道他们很重要，无法被替代”。A 项符合语境。故选 A。

25、9.A 考查形容词辨析。A 项意为“困难的”；B 项意为“滑稽的”；C 项意为“不同 的”；D 项意为“完美的”。由转折连词but 和第二个分句的内容可知，此处指的是“在高中，很难传递这个想法”。A 项符合语境。故选 A。10.C 考查副词辨析。A 项意为“随意地”；B 项意为“简短地”；C 项意为“坚定地”；D 项意为“确信地”。根据 but 表示转折可知，此处应表达“但是我坚定地追随我的激情”。C 项符合语境。故选 Co11. C 考查名词辨析。 上文提到虽然在学校作者很难传递自己的思想， 但是他不放弃，由此可知，作者努力的结果就是他创造了帮助的习惯和传统。此处 fruits 表示“结果，

26、成果”，符合语境。故选 C。12.B 考查名词辨析。 .Every Friday， I went to school withhomework treatsand _ them to those who seemed to need a pick-me-up.（ 第二段第三句 ）译文：每个星期五，我带着作业的奖品来到学校，把它们发给那些似乎需要提神的孩子们。由关键句可以推断，作者帮助的是那些青少年们。 teenager 意为“青年，青少年”， 符合语境。故选 B。13. C 考查动词辨析。 pass sth.to sb. 是固定短语， 意为“把传递 /分发蛤某人”，此处表达的是作者把带来的作业

27、奖品发给那些需要提神的孩子们。故选C。14.B 考查动词辨析。A 项意为“写”；B 项意为“记住”；C 项意为“准备”；D 项 意为“回忆”。 由语境可知，作者想帮助青少年， 所以他尽可能多地记住他们的名字。 故选 B。15. D 考查形容词辨析。 作者建立了一个俱乐部， 学生们在这里可以表达自己的想法，由此可知这是一个安全的地方，学生们能够畅所欲言。safe 意为“安全的”，符合语境。B。7故选 D。16. A 考查连接词辨析。此处为“疑问词不定式”结构作宾语。由语境可知，作者想让学生学会如何把表达的情感运用到日常生活中。how 意为“怎样，如何”，符合语境。故选 A。17.B 考查名词辨析

28、。A 项意为“讨论”；B 项意为“建议”；C 项意为“经验”；D 项意为“理论”。 在作者的个人社交网络账号上， 作者每周发出的用于激励自己和朋友的帖 子应是建议之类的内容。 B 项符合语境，其余各项均与语境不符。故选B。18. A 考查形容词辨析。 This will help me sta rt a nod-profit foundation in the future.（ 最后一段第二句 ）译文：这将帮助我在将来建立一个非盈利基金会。 由关键句可知，作者一直坚持自己的信仰和做法，那么接着说的就是他的最终目标。final 意为“最后的，最终的”，符合语境。故选A。19.B 考查形容词辨析。

29、 A 项意为“复杂的”； B 项意为“难以解决的”； C 项意为“未 知的”；D 项意为“糟糕的”。由语境可知，作者的最终目标是要证明这个世界不是无法解 决的问题的集合体。unsolvable 与下文的“ can be changed ”相衔接且符合语境。故选 B。20.D 考查形容词最高级辨析。 A 项意为“最新的”；B 项意为“最懒的”；C 项意为 “最慢的”；D 项意为“最小的”。由本句中的“ even”可知，此处指的是甚至是最小的行动都会改变一些事情。D 项符合语境。故选 D。四、单句改错1.I dont know what to do, because the number of p

30、roblems have arisen.答案：thefa此处表述“大量的问题出现了”。the number of .“.的数量”；a number of “许多；大量的”，后接可数名词复数形式。2.Dont take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place.答案：去掉 the in place “在适当的位置”。3.We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us.答案：make 后加 a

31、make a differenee“有影响；起作用”。4.He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day.8答案：第一个 forftoapply to sb. for .“向某人申请.”5.There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all.答案： whetherfthat There is no doubt that .“毫无疑问 五、短文改错I came to the US as a excha nge stude nt a year before.Th

32、ere are four people inmy host family.They are Mr.Garavalia, his wife and his child.The host family hasa magic what has pulled me in and make me part of it.I remember when I first arrivedat my house , it was far past their usual bedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited mein the livi ng room and gave me

33、a huge hug just as I walked in.l was felt so warmafter 14 hours of tired flight.Every day they treat me as if I were their reallyfamil y.I love them very much.【答案】I came to the US as a _ excha nge stude nt a year before_ .There are four people inanagomy host family.They are Mr.Garavalia, his wife and his child_.The host family haschildre na magic what has pulled mein and make me part of it.Iremember when I first arrivedthat/which