二)高考代词及练习

1、第二章代词用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为：人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等。高考重点要求：1、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词的基本用法2、定代词的指代含义以及数的情况3、it 的基本用法第一节知识点概述呂一、人称代词1.人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。2.第三人称的人称代词分阳性 he (him),阴性 she (her)和中性 it (it ),复数和宾语 形式都只有一个形式 they 和 them，不分性别。3.选用什么人称代词，取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。玄二、物主代词物主代词是用来表示所有关系的，分为形容

2、词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，相当于名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。物主代词的用法：(1)形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如：His pen cil box is on the desk.This is our school.(2)名词性物主代词作Richard s school bag is blue andmi ne is black.理查德的书包是蓝色的，我名词用，本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此，后面不可再加名词。作主语:的书包是黑色的。 （mine=my school b

3、ag ）作表语：It s his.这是他的（东西）。作宾语：He borrows your dicti onary and you may borrow mi ne. _ 他借你的字典，你可以借我的。（作及物动词的宾语）“ of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调：He is a friend of mine. _ 他是我的一个朋友。试比较下面两句句子：This is a photo of mine.这是我的一张照片。（照片是我拥有的，但不一定照的是我本人）This is a photo of me.这是一张我本人的照片。（照片上是我本人）P 三、反身代词反身代词用于所强调的动作与

4、动作执行者的关系。通常在句中作表语、宾语和同位语。X 四、指示代词（一） 指示代词是具有指示概念的代词this 这；that 那；these 这些；those 那些；such 如此的；same 同样的（二） 指示代词的用法Richard s school bag is blue andmi ne is black.理查德的书包是蓝色的，我（1） this、that、these、those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。（2） such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such “这样的”，such a 这样一个，such as像这样的。（3） same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语例如:1） Th

5、at is our English teacher.（主语）2） This storybook is thicker than that one. _ 定语）3） I prefer this （these） to that （those）. _ （宾语）4） What he likes best is this/that. （ _ 表语）5） I have never read such an exciting book.（定语）6） I like such sports as basketball and swimming.（定语）7） Such is our trip plan.（主语）（

6、指上文提到过或刚说过的内容）8） She wants the book and I want the same. _（ 宾语）9） We were born on the same day.（ 定语）1)t his、these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物，可以与 here 连用；that、those指空间上离说话人较远的人或物，可以与there 连用。2)打电话或其他场合，本人这一方用this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。3)such 作定语时，如名词前有不定冠词，应把such 置于不定冠词之前。4)在 same 之前必须加冠词 the 。五、 疑问代词1.Who 用

7、于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。2.Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。3. Whose 用于明确所有者。whom 在口语中，多为 who 代替。六、 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each,every, some, any, many, much, （a）few, （a）little,one, on es, either,n either,other,another, no, none 以及含有 some-, any-, no- 等的合成代词（如：anybody,

8、 something,no one）0这些不定代词大多可以代替名词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但和由 some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词（如 somebody 等）只能作主语、表语。而 every 和 no 只能作定语。P 七、it 的用法（一）作无人称代词1.指代天气、时间、距离、季节和自然现象等。例如：It rains continually in the south in June.It is a half hour s walk to the factory.2. 指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如：Where is my no tebook? It w

9、as here just now.There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.3. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。例如：The baby cried because it was hun gry.Some one is knocking at the door, who can it be?（二）用作强调句，构成强调结构句型结构：It is（was）+ 强调部分+that。例如：It was last ni ght that they left for H.K.It was I that（who） his sister

10、in the park yesterday.（三）it作形式主语和形式宾语it 作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡，而把真正的主语或宾语置于句子后面 例如：I found it interesting to study English.none宾语和It is of great help to master a foreig n Ian guage.第二节实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点1. 不定代词可作主语，当作主语时，要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数，以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。2. 不定代词还可作定语。当作定语时，应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数，以确定这个名词用单数还是

11、复数。例:Much has been done to fight pollution; each of them has got a present.3. many, few 和 both 用于可数名词，表示复数概念。4. AII, both和 each 和含有 every 的复合代词用在否定句中只表示部分否定。例：Not all the students have been to the Austrlia.She can t work out both of the difficult problems.Everybody cannot work out the problem.5. Nei

12、ther,none和含有 no 的复合代词表示全部否定。例:None of us can an swer the questi on.Neither of the questions is right.3 二、历届高考试题分析例 1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept thecon diti ons of_.A. othersB. the otherC. eitherD. ano ther答案：B【解析】 根据上文 neither 的提示可以看出所指的应该是两者中的另外一个，所以用 theoth

13、er。这句的意思是：贸易谈判没有取得进展，因为双方都不愿意接受对方的条件。例 2、Shan ghai is really a fasc in at ingcity and weve decided to stay for_ twoweeks.A. another B. other C. the other D. others答案为 A。【解析】 another 意为“又一，再一” ，后面如接 two, three 等数词或 few 等时，可与 复数形式连用，我们可以把 two weeks 看作一个整体，在原来的基础上再待两星期。而 other ，the other 用于两者之间的另一个， ot

14、hers 是 other 的所有格形式，故 B、C、 D 都不可选。例 3、 The Parkers bought a new house but_ will need a lot of work beforethey can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which答案为 B。【解析】it 指代前面提到的单数名词。指同一个事物，此句中指a new house;而 one指“同名异物”； which 引导定语从句，但题干中有连词 but ，并非主从句， which 不妥； A 为复数，更易排除。例 4、In fact _ is a hard job for t

15、he police to keep order in an importantfootball match.A. this B. that C. there D. it答案为 D。【解析】 it 在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是 to keep order in an importantfootball match 。由于空格出现在 fact 的后面，所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句， 而选了 that 。而实际上， in fact 是介词短语作状语，后不能接同位语从句。译文：实 际上，在一次重大的足球赛中，对警察来说，维持秩序是一项很难的工作。例 5、Some of the wheat is

16、 from Canada. What about _?A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest答案为 D。解析】 wheat 是不可数名词，不能用 others 代替。 the rest 既可代可数名词，也可代不可数名词，此处指 the rest of the wheat 。 例 6、 If this dictionary is not yours, can it be?A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who else 答案为 D。【解析】考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else “其他什

17、么人” ，用于主格，宾格。elses“其他什么人” ，用于所有格。例 7、 One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _ .A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white 答案为 C。【解析】木板一般只有两面，把一面染成黄色的；另一面染成白色的，考查oneother 结构，由此排除 B、D;原句结构为“the other(should be painted)white 避免重复可省略。例 8、 He was ne

18、arly drowned once.When was _ ? _ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This 答案为 A。【解析】 用 that 指代上文提到的事，避免了重复； it 指代时间。例 9、 Your coffee smells great!Its from Mexico. Would you like_ ?A. it B. some C. this D. little答案为 B【解析】 some 相当于 some of this coffe

19、e.例 10、Few pleasures can equal_ of a cool drink on a hot day.whothe为A. some B. any C. that D. those答案为 Co【解析】这句话的意思是“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能和饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比。” that 在句子中代表 the pleasure 。一些考生只注意到 Few pleasures 是复数，而没有注意到这里指的是饮一杯冷饮的乐趣，误填了 those。注意：使用代词时一定要弄清楚指代关系。第三节巩固练习Directi on:Ben eath each of the followi ng se

20、nten ces there are four choices markedA、B、C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.1.1 like_ in the autu mn whe n the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one2. I will n ever know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_ .A. anyoneB. anyone else C. no oneD. no one

21、else3. Play ing tricks on others is_ we should n ever do.A. anythingB. someth ingC. everyth ingD. nothing4. We n eeded a new cupboard for the kitche n. So Peter made_ from some wood wehad.A. itB. oneC. himselfD. an other5. I got the story from Tom and_ people who had worked with him.A. every other B

22、. many others C. some otherD. other tha n6. You can eat food free in my restaura nt_ you like.A. whe neverB. whereverC. whateverD. however7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _ couldn t spareme eve n onemi nute.A. theyB. oneC. whoD. it8. One week s time has been wasted.I c

23、an t believe we did all that work for_ .A. someth ingB. nothingC. everyth ingD. anything9. If you run after two hares, you will catch_ .A. noneB. n eitherC. nothingD. no one10. She doesn t know anyone here. She has got_ to talk to.A. anyoneB. some oneC. every oneD. on one11. I have done much of the

24、work . Could you please finish in two days ?A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD. the others12. Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?_way as you please.A. EachB. EveryC. AnyD. Eitherthink that you are good at _ while others are good at _ something elseB. everything nothingD. nothing all

25、_ here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A.thisB. these C. thatD. it15. That s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _he s donefor you.A. somethingB. anythingC. allD. that16. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came.A. neitherB. either C

26、. noneD. both17. The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towardspeace. ”A. This isB. There isC. That is D. It is18. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are makingprogress.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What19. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the re

27、st are _ .A. him and herB. his and hersC. his andherD. him and hers20. My mother opened _ of the drawers in turn , trying to decide what he wasgoing to put in _ of them .A. every each B. everyone every C. every one everyone D. each each21. He was nearly drowned once. When was _ ?_ was in 1998 when h

28、e was in middle school.A. that It B. this ThisC. this Itthat .This22. Youre always working. Come on. Lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping.A. Anything B. SomethingC. AllD. That23. Do you want tea or coffee? _ . I really dont mind.A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither24. Some students

29、 will remember these terms as the most successful _in thehistory of our school.A. onesB. ones C. oneD. one s25. This new rule may please some, but we dont expect it to pleaseA. moreB. otherC. allD. any26. No agreement was reached during the peace talk as neither side would give wayto _A. anotherB. o

30、therC. the otherD. any other27. _ who laughs last laughs best.A. HeB. OneC. ThatD. Those28. Children should be taught how to get along with _A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. an other29. These plants are watered _ .A. each other day B. every other dayC. each of two daysD. every oftwo days13. You must ne

31、verA. everythingC. all none14. Do you like _D.30.Would you like some wine?Yes, just _ .A. littleB. very littleC. a littleD. little bit31. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnthelpA. he B. which C. she D. it32.Is your camera like Bills and Anns ?No, but its almost the s

32、ame as _ .A. her B. yours C. them D. their33.Have you finished your report yet?No, Ill finish in _ ten minutes.A. another B. other C. more D. less34. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _.A. itB. thoseC. them D. one35. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _ .A

33、. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing36. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would likestories bywriters from _ countries.A. someanyB. othersomeC. someotherD. other other37. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC.

34、 whicheverD. whenever38.Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid _ day is possible.A. eitherB. neither39. If you want to change for a double room youA. anotherB. other40. I read about it in some book or other, does itmatter _ it was?A. whereB. whatC. howD. which41. My brothers handwriting is better than _in his class.A. anyone elseB. anyone elsesC. anyones else D. anyoneselses42. Somepeople would rather ride bicycles as bic