高中英语 Unit2《Cloning》学案1 新人教版选修8

1、Unit 2Cloning同位语从句和定语从句比较与区分由于同位语从句的先行词多为fact, belief, news, idea, thought, question, reply, possibility, hope, problem, remark, report等名词,引导词常用that,所以有些同学干脆把这些名词背得滚瓜烂熟,以为只要上述名词后面出现的从句肯定是同位语从句,殊不知上述名词后面出现的从句既有可能是同位语从句,也有可能是定语从句。例如: (1)We were greatly pleased at the news that the Chinese women's

2、volleyball team had won the match again.听到中国女排再次获胜的消息我们极为高兴。(that引导的是同位语从句) (2)We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacher had told us.听到老师告诉我们的消息我们感到很高兴。(that引导的是定语从句) 从上面的例句可以看出,仅仅只*先行词就断定有些名词之后一定就是同位语从句显然是片面的。那么,究竟应当如何来区分同位语从句和定语从句呢?一般来说,我们可以从以下几个方面去区分同位语从句和定语从句: 1.从意义的角度来看,同位语从句与先行词之间存在

3、的是同位或等同的关系,如例(1)中的news与其后的从句that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again之间,"中国女排再次获胜"表示"消息"的具体内容。定语从句与先行词之间存在的是所属关系,表示"的",起修饰限定作用。如例(2)中的news与其后的that our teacher had told us"老师告诉我们的"是对"消息"进行修饰限定,并不表示"消息"的具体内容。2.从语法角度

4、来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法作用,用来连接同位语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分,如例(1)中的that;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分,主要是作主语或宾语,如例(2)中的that在从句中作动词told的宾语。3.从先行词的词性来看,同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,也可以是代词。例如: (1)There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词,同位语从句) (2)Those who

5、 were against the plan raised their hands.那些反对这个计划的人举起了手。(Those为代词,定语从句) 4.从可否省略来看,同位语从句的that一般不可以省略,但是定语从句中的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语,在非正式用语中常常可以将关系代词that省略。5.从引导词来看,同位语从句有时也可以用whether来引导,但是定语从句则一般不用whether来引导。例如: The problem (of) whether they could finish the project is very important.他们是否能够按期完成那个项目,这个问题非常重要

6、。6.who, which, what, when, why, how, where等词都可以用来引导同位语从句,但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同:引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。例如: 1)The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句) (2)He has solved the problem why

7、 the radio was out of order.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句) 同位语从句讲解与练习1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not

8、 come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether hell come or not.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这

9、项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。1that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别?that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上从句是被

10、修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (

11、should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。?用适当的连接词填空：It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3._the doctor really doubts is_my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped_nature will never be destro

12、yed.5._do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off?7. Word came_I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know _of them will be our new headmaster?9.The teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10. Its generally conside

13、red unwise to give a child _he or she wants.?B.单项选择It was true _ Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3.-What are you anxious about? - _A. How can we succeed B.

14、 Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed 4.The reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C.

15、Anyone D. The person 6.I really dont know _I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why 7.? Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. which D. that 8.-What do you think of China? -_different life is today from

16、_it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that 9.Give this to _you think can do the work well. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 10._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that?答案A. 1. that 2. what

17、3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 15 CABBB 610 ACACD 练 习 二1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surpr

18、ised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message _ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too