PEP语法精讲和习题

1、1一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:book-books, bag-bags,cat-cats, bed-beds2.以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es,女口:bus-buses, box-boxes,3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es,如:4 .以“ f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,mouse-mice, child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth fish-f

2、ish,练习:I _写出下列各词的复数_ him _ _ this _watch _ child _photo _day_ _ foot_book_tooth_ sheep _box_thief _ _ fish_peach_man_ woman_ _ paper_water_ milk_ _rice_Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japaneseher _diary _dress _strawberry _sandwich _juice_tea_brush-brushes, watch-watchesfamily-families,strawberry-strawber

3、riespolicewoman-policewomen,people-people,2般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 ：一、一般现在时的功能1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如： The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。女口： I get up at six every day 我每天六点起床。3表示客观现实。如：The earth goes aro und the sun 地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成1. be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy 我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词： 主语+行为动词 (+其它)。

4、如：We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛利学习中文。三一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not + 其它。如：He is not a worker 他不是工人。一般疑问句 ：Be +主语+其它。如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 +一般疑问句。如： Where is my bike?32. 行为动词的变化。否定句： 主语 + dont( doesnt

5、 ) +动词原形 (+其它 )。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does nt 构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句： Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句： 疑问词+一般疑问句。如： How does yo

6、ur father go to work?四、动词+s 的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加 -s， 如： cook-cooks, milk-milks2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结 尾 ，加 -es，如 ：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es,如：study-studies4一般现在时用法专练一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ _ have_pass_carry _come_ _ watch_plant_fly

7、_study_brush_ _ do_teach_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空1. He often _ (have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _ (be) in Class One.3. We _ (not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _ (like) the World Cup?6. What _ they often _ (do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _ (read) newspapers

8、 every day?8. The girl _ (teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _ (take) a walk together every evening.10. There _ (be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _ (like) cooking.12. They _ (have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _ (look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _ (do) your homework well.15. I

9、 _ (be) ill. I m staying in bed.16. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _ (do) not like PE.18. The child often _ (watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _ (have) eight lessons this term.520. What day_（be） it today?- It s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every eveni

10、ng.改为否定句）2.1 do my homework every day.改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）3. She likes milk.（改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答）4. Amy likes playing computer games.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）5. We go to school every morning.改为否定句）6. He speaks English very well.改为否定句）7. I like taking photos in the park.（对划线部分提问）8. John comes from Canada 对划线部分提问）9. She is

11、 always a good student 改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）10. Simon and Dani el like going skat in g.（改为否定句）6三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活 动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词 ing.3. 现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。5. 现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 动词 ing? 动

12、词加 ing 的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加 ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 力口 ing, 如： make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如： run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play _ run_swim _make_go_ like_write_ski_7read_ have_sing _dance_put_ see_buy _love_live_ take_ come_ get_stop_ sit

13、_ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. The boy_( draw)a picture now.2. Liste n .Some girls_ ( sin g)i n the classroom .3. My mother_ ( cook )some n ice food now.4. What_you_ ( do ) now?5. Look . They_ ( have) an En glish less on .6. They_ (not ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! the girls_ (dance )in the cla

14、ssroom .8. What is our gra nddaughter doing? She_ (liste n ) to music.9. It 5s o clock now. We_(havepper now10. _Helen_ (wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doi ng housework 分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2.The students are cleaning the classroom .改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3.1 m playing the football in the playgrou

15、nd .(对划线部分进行提问)84.Tom is reading books in his study .对划线部分进行提问)四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语： tomorrow, n ext day（week, mon th, year）,so on, the day aftertomorrow （后天）等。二、基本结构： be going to + do; will+ do.三、否定句：在 be 动词（am, is, are l 后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 won . 例如：Im goin

16、g to have a picnic this afternoonpI m not going to have a picnic thisafternoon.四、一般疑问句： be 或 will 提到句首， some 改为 any, and 改为 or， 第一二人称互换。例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on anouting this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。 一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who 例如：I m going to New York so

17、on. Who s going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me thisafternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going tobed?9六、同义句： be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow

18、（明天）.二I will go swimming tomorrow.亠般将来时专项练习一、填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ have a pic nic with my frie nds.I_have a pic nic with my frien ds.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。What_next Monday?I_play basketball.What_ you do next Mo nday? I_ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother_ go shopping this_ ?Y es,

19、 she_. She_buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time_ you_ meet?二、改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camp ing（改否定） Nancy_ going to go camp ing.6.1 ll go and join them.（改否定）I_go_ join them.7.1 m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?108. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般

20、疑问句）_ _meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school,对戈 U 线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.( 对划线部 分提问)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.三、用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (h

21、ave) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13._ Tom often(go) to school on foot. But today is rain.He_ (go) to school by bike.14._ What do youusually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and_ (catch) insects?15.It sFriday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She_ (wa

22、tch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16.What _ _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on afarm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ _ (milk) cows.17.Mary _ _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.1119. David _ _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _ (pl

23、an) for my study now五、一般过去时1一般过去时 ：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的 时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 禾口 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。(was not二wasn t)are 在一般过去时中变为 were。(were not=weren t)带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not, 般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。3.句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定

24、句： didnt +动词原形,如： Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如： Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如： Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .结尾是 e 加 d,如：taste-tasted3. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的

25、重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母，再力口 -ed，如：stop-stopped124.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i, 再加-ed,如：study-studied135不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,fly-flew,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank, ride-r

26、ode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat过去时练习专项习题、写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_plant_are _drink_play_go_make _does_dance_worry_ask _taste_eat_draw_put _throw_kick_pass_do _二、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3.We_ to zoo yesterday, we _ to

27、 the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _8. -What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?-She _ (find) a beautiful

28、butterfly.14六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用： 两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的 人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格） 。2形容词加 er 的规则：一般在词尾加 er ；以字母 e 结尾，加 r ；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；以“辅音字母+y ”结尾，先把 y 变 i，再加 er。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、 副词的比较

29、级1 形容词与副词的区别（有 be 用形，有形用 be;有动用副，有副用动）在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be 动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化： well-better,far-farther）三、 练习一）、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old_ young_ tall_ long_15short_ _ strong_big_small_fat_thin_heavy_light_nice_good_beautiful_high_ _ slow_fast_ _ low_late_ _ early_ _ far_ _ we

30、ll_二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _ (old)than me.2. Tom is as _ (fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _ (big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Mary s hair is as _ (long) as Lucy s.7._ Ben _ (jump)(high) than

31、 some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _.9._ Fangfang is not as(tall) as the other girls.10._ My eyes are _ (big) than(she).11._ Which is (heavy),the elephant or the pig?12._ Who gets up(early),Tim or Tom?13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_ .14. J

32、im runs _(slow). But Ben runs _ (slow).15.The child doesn_ t(write) as(fast) as thestudents.三）、翻译句子：1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？是你_ is _than Jim？_ are2、谁比 David 更强壮？是 Gao Shan.16_ _ than David? Gao Shan _ .3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_ or_？_ _ is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _ ,your _ or

33、your _ ?My _ _.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _ as _ as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友 Jim 一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _ ?No, _ _ than him.8. Yang Ling 每天睡得比 SuYang 晚。Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9. 我跳得和 Mike 一样远。I _ as _ as Mike.10. Tom 比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom

34、 _ _ than you?No,he _ . He_ as_ as_11. 多做运动，你会更强壮。_ more exercise,youll _ _ soon .12. 我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I _ _ at Science.But I don t _ well in Chinese.13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_ you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_ it _ than_.1714. 我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like_ .All my_ _ _ than me.15. 我的姐姐起得比我早。My_ _ up _ th

35、an me.16. 女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。_ the girls_ _ _ the boys? Yes,they _.17. 她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesn t _ in PE. But I don_t_ _than_.18. 你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _football _ than your classmates?No,they_as_as me.19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_ _ _than my _.20. 她的毛衣和我的一样重。_ sweater_ as_ as_.21. 我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dr

36、ess_ too_ . I want to _a_one.22. Im taller than Mike .（ 该成用原级的比较 ）Im _ as _ as Mike .七、There be句型与have, has的区别1、 There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在 there be 句型中，主语是单数， be 动词用 is ; 主语是复数， be 动词用 are ;如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近 be 动词的那个名词决定。3、 there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。184、 there be 句型与 have(has

37、)的区别： there be 表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用： some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定 句或疑问句。6、 and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑 问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats + 介词短语？专项练习一、填空：选用 “ha

38、ve,has ”or “there is , there .are ”1. I_ a good father and a good mother.2. _ a telescope on the desk.3. He_ a tape-recorder.4. _a basketball in the playground.195. She_some dresses.6. They_a nice garden.7. What do you_?8. _ _a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike_?10. _ _any books in the

39、bookcase?11. My father_ a story-book.12. _ _a story-book on the table.13. _ _any flowers in the vase?14. How many students_ in the classroom?15. My parents_ some nice pictures.16. _ _some maps on the wall.17. _ _a map of the world on the wall.18. David_ _a telescope.19. David s friends_ some. tents2

40、0. _ _many children on the hill.二、用恰当的 be 动词填空。1、 There_a lot of sweets in the box.2、 There_some milk in the glass.3、 There _some people under the the big tree.4、 There_a picture and a map on the wall.205、 There_a box of rubbers near the books.216、 There_lots of flowers in our garden last year.7、 Th

41、ere_a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.8、 There _ four cups of coffee on the table.三、用“ have 或 has 填空I. I_ a nice puppet.3. They_ some masks.5. She_ a duck.7. Her mother_a vase.9. Our teachers_ a basketball.II.Nancy_many skirts.13. My friends_ a football.15. What does Mike_?17. What does H

42、elen_?19. Her sister_a nice doll.2. He_a good friend.4. We_some flowers.6. My father_ a new bike.8. Our teacher_an English book.10. Their parents_some blankets12. David_some jackets.14. What do you_?16. What do your friends_?18. His brother_ a basketball.20. Miss Li_ an English book.22八、人称代词和物主代词1、人

43、称代词主格和宾格的区别： 主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位 于 than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别： 形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名 词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我Ime我的mymine你，你们youyou你的，你们的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我们weus我们的ourours他（她，它）们theythem他（她，它） 们的theirtheirs用所给词的适当形式填空1. That is not _kite. That ki

44、te is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, it s not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7.

45、 I can find my toy, but where s _ ? ( you )8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _ name is Mimi. These cakes are _ . ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _ . _ a_ren t here. ( they )2311. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _ _? I can t find _ . Let_s_caplla_re_n_t_s.( they )15. Don t touch _ . _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _ . ( she )17. _ don t