助动词用法归纳小学

1、助动词用法归纳小学-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)JINGBIAN助动词(Auxiliary Verb)：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。自身没有词义，不可单独使用。主要动词(Main Verb)：是被协助的动词，构成时态和语态。He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。(doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 等。基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行时，完成

2、时，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。一、be动词的用法既可作系动词，又可作助动词，做助动词有人称和数的变化，第一人称用am,第二人称及复数用are,第三人称及单数用is, amjs过去 式为was, are的过去式为were,它与现在分词构成进行时态和过去 分词一起构成被动语态。a.表示时态be+doing （现在分词）表示现在进行的动作He is singing.他正在唱歌。b.表示语态be+done（过去分词）表被动语态He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c. be+to do （动词不定式）表示计划安排命令。We are to plant trees next week

3、.下周我们将要去植树。You are to explain this o对此你要做出解释。二、do的用法D。主要帮助实意动词构成否定和疑问句，后跟动词原形，有时放在 实意动词前起强调作用，还可代替前文出现的动词，避免重复。Do 有人称和数的变化，第一、二人称及复数用do,第三人称及单数用 does,过去式为（lido1）构成一般疑问句。DO +主语+动词原形+其他I like singing 变为疑问句为 Do you like singing2）do + not构成否定句。主语+do+not+动词原形。I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。He does

4、n't like to study.他不想学习。Many students didn't know the importance of English before. 过去好多学生不知道英语的重要性.3)构成否定祈使句。Don't go there.不要去那里。Don't be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和doeso4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。Do come to my birthday party please. 请一定来参加我的生日宴 会。I did go there.我确实去那儿了

5、。I do miss you.我确实想你。我真想你了 ！5)用作代替动词。- Do you like Beijing?-你喜欢北京吗？- Yes, I do.No,I don't.-是的，喜欢。(do 用作代动词，代替like Beijing.)He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?他知道如何开车，对 吧？三、have的用法Have+过去分词构成完成时态I have studied english for a long time .情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有 can (could), may (might), must, have

6、 to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to 等。情态动词无人称和 数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。一、can, could1）表示能力Mary can speak three languages.Can you skate?此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。ril not be able to come this aftenioon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事时应用be able to,不能用Ca

7、no 如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2）表示请求和允许。Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you can't.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是 过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. （No, I'm afraid not.）3）表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否

8、定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This can't be done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1）表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去 式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。Might/ May I smoke in this room?No, you mustn't.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. （No, you can't / mustn&#

9、39;t.）用May I.征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.在口语 中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1 . He may /might be very busy now.2 . Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to1）表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustift （禁止， 不准），而用 needn't, d

10、on't have to （不必）.Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must.- No, you don't have to / you needn't.2） must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，have to有更多的时态形式。1 . he play isn't interesting, I really must go now.2 . I had to work when I was your age.3）表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1

11、 . Yoifre Tom good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 . Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、shall, should1） shall +动词原形 表示将来时态Shall we go shopping tomorrow?2） shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允 诺或威胁。1. You shall fail if you don't wor

12、k haid.（警告）2. He shall have the book when I finish it.（允诺）3. He shall be punished.（威胁）六、will, would1）表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Would you like a cup of coffee 你想要一杯咖啡吗？2） will +动词原形表将来时态He will come back next month他下个月将会回来。3）表示意志、愿望和决心。1.1 will never do that again.助动词练习题1. 下列句子变为一般疑问句。2. It is a lovely dog.3

13、. She is lovely girl.4. We are classmates.4.1 am a doctor.5. There is a bird in the tree.6. They are good friends.7.1 love my parents.9 . We have a pleasant home.10 .They go to church on Sunday.11 .You are a singer.2.用 d。does be 填空1>she know all the answersYes , she. No, she.2>the twins often

14、fightYes ,do. No,don't3>your dad like listening to musicYes ,does . No,doesn't.5>you have a new teacherYes ,工. No, I.6>she a teacherYes, she. No, she.10>your father smoking in the living roomYesz is .No, he.助动词和情态动词专项练习一、情态动词的基本用法1. Can John Smith his homework on time?A. finish B

15、. finishes C. finishing D. finished2.She dare out by herself at night.A. go not B. not to go C. to not go D. not go3. You to the party tonight if you have something important to do.A. don't need come B. needn't to comeC. needn't come D. don't need coming4. We'H be ready to leave

16、at eight.一Well, John must back by then.A. being B. is C. be D. to be5. Your grandmother the newspaper without glasses.A. can still read B. cans still readC. still can reads D. can still reads二、must, need, dare 的用法6. Must I get up early tomorrow, Dad?一No, you. Tomorrow is Sunday.A. can't B. mustn

17、't C. needn't D. couldn't7. Must we finish the book today?一Yes, you.A. can B. may C. need D. must8. You play on the road. It's dangerous.A. mustn't B. may C. can D. must9. You return the book now. You can keep it until next week.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. dare

18、not10.1 a sleeping bag because I've already got one.A. needn't have B. didn't have C. don't need D. need not11.Mr Smith a pen from Jack.A. must to borrow B. had borrowedC. must borrowed D. had to borrow三、can, could, may, might 的用法12The man walk fast because he is lame in the right fo

19、ot.A. must B. mustn't C. can D. can't13 .Could I borrow your dictionary?一Yes, of course you.A. will B. would C. must D. can14 .A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. might not B. may not C. couldn't D. can't15 .That must be a mistake.I don't think so. It a mis

20、take.A. may be not B. needn't be C. cannot be16 .He help crying at the news of his father's death.A. couldn't B. shouldn't C. hadiVt D. didn't17 .“Now,all smile, please? he asked.A. may you B. do you C. shall you D. can you1.1 1 haven,t brought my dictionary with me.I use yours?A

21、. Must B. Shall C. May D. Need四、should, would, shall, will 的用法19 .Must I copy the new words in class?一No, you. You do it at home.A. needn't, may B. mustn't, mustC mustn't, may D. needn't, mustn't20 .Would you please not draw pictures on the wall?一Sorry. I it again.A. am not doing

22、 B don't do C didn't do D. won't do1.1 I open the windowIt's so warm here.A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. Must22 .you like some oranges?A. Would B. Can C. May D. Must23 .Tom said that he apologize to Mary.A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to24 .“Do you think we turn back?” Jane aske

23、d.A. shall B. will C. should D. would1 .He any help. He can do it all by himself.A. needs not B. needn'tC. doesn't need D. doesn't need to ask2 .Li Fang isn't in the classroom. He be at the library. Let's go and find him.A. can B. must C. need D. should3 .May I have a look at you

24、r new watch一Yes, you.A. can B. must C. need D. should4 .Must I hand in the exercise book tomorrow一No, you. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. couldn't5 .There an English test next Monday.A. maybe B. was C. may be D. may6 .You'd better ask

25、someone, or you get lost.A. may B. mustn't C. are going to D. can7 .uCome on!” Peter called. uWe stay here any longer.”A. couldn't B. can't C. hadn't to D. mightn't8.Must Tom write it now No, he.A. needift B. can't C. must D. mustn't9.uHave you seen Li recently?”“No, I th

26、ink he must away on vacation.”A. being B. is C. be D. to be1O.UA11 right. You if you don't want to.”A. don't need stay B. needn't stay C. needn't to stay D. don't need staying1 : She to see documentai ies （1 己录片）.A、do want B、donft want C、doesn*t want D、not want2 : Look at that pi

27、cture on the wall.you like itA、Do B、Can C、Could D、Are3 : He like pears.A、do B、is C、doesn't D、not4 : Do you often go to the cinema Sunday?No, we.A、on, don't B、on, aren't C、in, do D、in, don't5 : 一 Can you see a light on the table?-Yes,.A、I am B、Pm not C、I can D、He isn't6 ： Does the

28、 boy want to be an actor? _.A、Yes, he is B、No, he does C、Yes, he does D、No, he isn't7 :he have any applesA、Do B、Does C、Is D、Are8 : She want to be a policewoman, because she thinks it's kind of dangerous.A、isn't B、aren't Cs don't D、doesn't9 : Why he have brown hairA、do B、does

29、C、is D、has10 : What time he get home every dayA、is B、does C、do D、am11 : What you see in the pictureA、is Bs are C、can D、have12 : Jack like flying kites throwing a frisby.A、don't, or B、doesn't, and C、don't, and D、doesn't, or13 ： A ：Jim a ball?B ： No, he.A、Do, have, don't B、Does, ha

30、s, doesn't C、Is, have, isn't D、Does, have, doesn't14 ： I have a watch.A、am not B、does C、don't D、doesn't15 :you a good time on your vacationA、Did; have B、Did; had C、Were; have D、Were; had16 : Simon likes football, but he doesn't it well.A、play, plays B、to play, plays C、plays,

31、playing D、playing, play17 : She have to wash the dishes now.A、don't B、not C、doesn*t D、can't18 : _Colin Chinese history? Yes, he does.A、Do; like B、Does; likes C、Do; likes D、Does; like19 ： Li Lei lunch at home.A、hasn't B、haven't C、don't have D、doesn't have20 : 一 Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? - JohnA、cleaned B、does C、did D、is21 :you usually come to school by bikeA、Don't B、Doesn't C、Aren't D、Isn't22 : 一 Where lions come from? 一