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1、论文1)先后次序关系:atthistime;first;second;atlast;next;previously;simultaneously同时地;eventually;lastbutnotleast;tobeginwith;tostartwith;toendwith;finally;seeing.由于,因为;sincethen;firstofall;afterwards后来;followingthis;preceding先前的;originally最初的ultimate最终的,极限的,根本的2)因果关系:because;becauseofthis;beingthat(口语)既然,因为;a
2、notherimportantfactorZreasonof.;since;as;for;inthat.;owingto由于,通常负面;dueto由于;forthereasonthat.;inviewof鉴于,考虑至iresultfrom归因于thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout.;forthisreason;asaresultofthis;therefore;.andso.;consequently所以,因此;asaresult;thus这样,如小匕,因而;hence因小匕;so;sothat.;inconsequenee结果,结果;asaconse
3、quence;accordingly因此,于是,相应地;inevitably不可避免地;undertheseconditionsthereupon因小匕于是upon迫近3)转折关系but;evenso;however;though;eventhough;independentof;recklessof不顾;despitethat;inspiteofthat;regardlessof不顾;yet.;andyet;butunless.Nonetheless尽管如七匕4)并歹关系:and;also;too;aswellas;either.,or.;both.and.5)(补充)递进关系:furthe
4、rmore此外,而且;moreover而且,此外;further进一步地,&匕夕卜;Inthisway;still;notonly.butalso.;not.but.;inaddition(to);additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically更具体地说,next,besides;asfaras.isconcerned至于;moreovert匕夕卜;inotherwords;alongthislineofconsideration;on(the)onehand.在一方面,ontheotherhand.;even;asasayinggoes.;
5、inordertodoit.;meanwhile同时;atthesametime;accordingly因此;Inthefirstplace.,inthesecondplace.;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.6) 比较关系:similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith;whencomparedwith;comparedwith;wheninfact.;like.;likewise同样地,也;similarlyimportant;apartfrom(doing).;.ratherthan.,bydoingso;bot
6、hand.;inthesameway;notonly.but(also).7)对照(不同点):yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding虽然,尽管;rather当然,的确,宁愿,相当;neither.nor;although;though;but;however;somethingisjusttheotherwayaround;yet;conversely相反的;unlike;opposedto;asopposedtothis与不同;incontrast(to);bywayof;onthecontrary;differentfromthis;neverthel
7、ess然而,不过,虽然如小匕;contraryto;whereas但是,鉴于;while;butontheotherhand8)举例关系:forexample;forinstance例如;inthiscase既然假若这样;namely也就是instance例子实例换句话说;asyouknow;youmayas/say;asheexplains;like;suchas;acaseinpointis一个恰当的伊U子是.;consider.;inparticularXM特另(j;including.;foronething.首先foranother.;putitsimply;statedroughl
8、y粗糙地,概略地;asanillustration,Iw川say.;agoodexample(of.)wouldbe.;todetailthis,IwouIdliketo.;Itisinterestingtonotethat.;inthissituation;asproof;takethecaseof;takeasexample(something);asfor;asregards;asto;accordingto;onthisoccasion.9)强调关系:infact;especially;particularly特另,尤其;moreover(止匕夕卜);naturally;whatism
9、oreimportant;inreality事实上;certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular;nottomention.;believeitornot;undeniably(无可置疑);otherthingbeingequal;itiscertain/surethat.;tobestrict;tobetrue;bydefinition;definitely肯定地;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent(不论怎样);withoutreservation(毫无保留地);obviously,notonly.but(
10、also),both.and.10)条件关系:if;unless;lest;providedthat;ifitisthecase;inthissense;once.;ifpossible;ifnecessary;ifso;ifnotall;ifanything.11)归纳总结类:inaword/insum/inshortinbrief/inconclusion/insummarytherefore因此,所以/hence因此,今后tosumup/toconcludetheconclusioncanbedrawnthatforthisreason/onthewhole12) 地点关系:beyond
11、;oppositeto;adjacent邻近to;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.13) 目的关系:withthisobject无证;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount由于。缘故;incase万;withaviewto考虑至U;forthesamereason.14) 重申关
12、系:inotherwords;thatistosay;asIhavesaid;again;onceagain.15) 结果关系:accordingly;thus;consequently(因此);hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;undertheseconditions;asaresult;asaconsequence;because;becauseof;sothat;notonly.but(also.);so.asto.16)顺序关系:first;second;thirdly;next;then;attheoutsetf在开始时),followingt
13、his;atthistime;now;atthispoint;after;afterward后来;afterthis;subsequently后来;lastly最终;finally;consequently所以,因此;beforethis;previously;precedingthis;simultaneous!y同时地;concurrently(同时发生的)17) 时间关系:atonce;immediately;atlength终于,最后;inthemeantime同时;meanwhile;atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;late
14、r;atonce;atlast;finally;sometimeago;atpresent;allofasudden突然;fromthistimeon;fromtimetotime;sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally偶然地;inamoment;shortly立亥!);whereupon于是,因止匕;previouslyHenceforth今后介词prep.Allof十足1 .在以前Onlytwodaysremainedbeforetheexamination
15、.考前只剩下两天了。2 .(指顺序、重要性等)在之前,先于Yournamecomesbeforemine.你的名字在我之前。Pridecomesbeforeafall.骄必败。3 .由考虑中Wewillputthematterbeforethecommittee.我将把此事提交委员会考虑。4 .在前面;在.面前Shesaidshehadneverspokenbeforeanaudience,她说她从未在大庭广众讲演过。状语从句引导词时间状语从句when,as,while,assoonas5before,after,since,till,until特殊弓I导词:theminute,themome
16、nt,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen彳到装地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:Wherever,anywhere,everywhere原因状语从句常用弓I导词:because,since,as,for特殊弓|导词:seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat.目的状语从句常用弓I导词:sothat,inorderthat特殊弓|导词:lest,incase3forfea
17、rthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat结果状语从句常用引导词:sothat,such-that,特殊引导词:suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,程度条件状语从句常用引导词:if,unless,特殊引导词:as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat让步状语从句常用引导词:though,although,evenif,eventhoug
18、h特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),nomatterinspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever8比较状语从句常用引导词:as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:themore-themore;justas,so;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;nomorethan;notAsomuchasB方式状语从句常用引导词:as, as if, how特殊引导词:the wayFromtheinvadersarrived,
19、breathedourair,ateanddrank,theyweredoomed.Theywereundone,destroyed,afterallofman1sweaponsanddeviceshadfailed5bythetiniestcreaturesthatGodinhiswisdomputuponthisearth.Bythetollofabilliondeaths,manhadearnedhisimmunity,hisrighttosurviveamongthisplanetinfsinite无限的organisms有机体.Andthatrightisoursagainstallchallenges.Forneitherdomenlivenordieinvain.INVAIN徒劳,白白pointpoint?英音:p?int?美音:p?nt?名词n.1.尖,尖端,尖头C(+of)Doyouhaveapencilwithasharperpoint?你有尖一点的铅笔吗?2.(空间的)一点,处,地方,位置C特点,特征0Dancingisnotherstrongpoint.支撑点,据点她不擅长跳舞。4.(时间上的)一点,(特定)时刻;瞬间CU5.分数;(比赛等的)得分CInthegam
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