六级考试段落匹配阅读练习题

1、六级考试段落匹配阅读练习题A An earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature can dish up.We generally think of the ground we stand on as rock-solid and completely stableAn earthquake can shatter粉碎 that perception instantly, and often with extreme violence B Up until relatively recently, scientis

2、ts only had unproven guesses as to whatactually caused earthquakes Even today there is still a certain amount of mysterysurrounding them, butscientists have a much clearer understanding There has been enormous progressin the past century. Scientists have identified the forces that cause earthquakes,

3、 anddeveloped technology thatcan tell us an earthquakes magnitude and origin The next hurdle is to finda way of predicting earthquakes, so they don t catch people by surprise In thisarticle, we 11 find out what causesearthquakes, and we* 11 also find out why they can have such a devastating effecton

4、 us.C An earthquake is a vibration 震动 that travels through the earth* s crust.Technically, a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini- earthquake,if you feel your house shakingas it goes by; but we tend to think of earthquakes as events that affect a fairlylarge area, such as an en

5、tire city All kinds of things can cause earthquakes: volcaniceruptions,meteor ijilS impacts, underground explosions an underground nuclear test, forexample, collapsing structures such as a collapsing mine But the majority ofnaturallyoccurring earthquakes arecaused by movements of the earth* s plates

6、 D We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but theyare actually an everyday occurrence on our planet According to the United StatesGeological Survey, more than 3million earthquakes occur every year That s about 8,000 a day, or one every11 seconds! The vast majority of these

7、 3 million quakes are extremely weak The lawof probability also causes agood number of stronger quakes to happen in uninhabited places where no one feelsthem It is the bigquakes that occur in highly populated areas that get our attention.E Earthquakes have caused a great deal of property damage over

8、 the years, and theyhave claimed many lives In the last hundred years alone, there have been more than1 5 millionearthquakerelated fatalities. Usually, it s not the shaking ground itself thatclaims lives; it s the associated destruction of manmade structures and other naturaldisasters it causes, suc

9、has tsunamis, avalanches 雪 and landslides F The biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismologythe study ofearthquakescame in the middle of the 20th century, with the development of the theoryof platetectonics 筑造学.Scientists proposed the idea of plate tectonics to explain anumber of pec

10、uliar phenomena on earth, such as the apparent movement of continents overtime, the clustering ofvolcanic activity in certain areas and the presence of huge ridges at the bottomof the ocean.G The basic theory is that the surface layer of the earththe lithosphereiscomprised of many plates that slide

11、over the lubricating 润滑 的 asthenosphere layerAt the boundaries betweenthese huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen.H Plates can move apart If two plates are moving apart from each other, hot,molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere This magma 岩浆 c

12、omes out on the surfacemostly the bottom of the ocean, where it is called lava 熔岩 As the lava cools,it hardens to form new lithosphere material, filling in the gap This is called adivergent plate boundary I Plates can push together If the two plates are moving toward each other, oneplate typically p

13、ushes under the other one This plate below sinks into the lowermantle layers, where itmelts At some boundaries where two plates meet, neither plate is in a positionto push under the other, so they both push against each other to form mountains Thelines where plates pushtoward each other are called c

14、onvergent plate boundaries J Plates slide against each other At other boundaries, plates simply slide byeach otherone moves north and one moves south, for example While the plates don*t drift directly into eachother at these transform boundaries, they are pushed tightly together A greatdeal of tensi

15、on builds at the boundary.K We understand earthquakes a lot better than we did even 50 years ago, but westill can t do much about them They are caused by fundamental, powerful geologicalprocesses that are farbeyond our contro1 These processes are also fairly unpredictable, so it snot possible at thi

16、s time to tell people exactly when an earthquake is going to occurThe first detected earthquakewaves will tell us that more powerful vibrations are on their way, but this onlygives us a few minutes warning, at most L So what can we do about earthquakes? The major advances over the past 50 yearshave

17、been in preparedness, particularly in the field of construction engineering In 1973, the UniformBuilding Code, an international set of standards for building construction, 7added? specifications? to? strengthen7 buildings7 against? the7 force? of? earthquake?waves 7 This7 includes?strengthening? sup

18、port7 material? as7 well7 as7 designing buildings so they areflexible enough to absorb vibrations without falling or deteriorating. It * s veryimportant to design structuresthat can undergo this sort of attack, particularly in earthquake prone areasM Another component of preparedness is educating th

19、e public The United StatesGeological Survey USGS and other government agencies have produced several brochuresexplaining the processesinvolved in an earthquake and giving instructions on how to prepare your housefor a possible earthquake, as well as what to do when a quake hits N In the future, impr

20、ovements in prediction and preparedness should furtherminimize the loss of life and property associated with earthquakes But it will bea long time, if ever, beforewe 11 be ready for every substantial earthquake that might occur Just likesevere weather and disease, earthquakes are an unavoidable forc

21、e generated by thepowerful natural processes thatshape our planet All we can do is increase our understending of the phenomenonand develop better ways to deal with it.1. Earthquake-related fatalities are usually caused by buildings, collapse andother ensuing natural disasters, not by the shaking gro

22、und itseif 2 Besides movements of the earths plates, other forces such as volcanic eruptions,meteor impacts and so on, can also cause earthquakes 3. Earthquakes actually occur every day; most of them are not big enough to getour attention 4 People generally think the ground beneath their feet is com

23、pletely stable,but earthquakes shatter that idea in no time 5. We cannot prevent earthquakes but we can actively find bitter ways to face them6. Earthquakes are hardly predictable, and people cannot be told when an earthquakeis going to occur 7. Scientists have found out forces that cause earthquake

24、s through years of efforts8. Architects now have designed flexible buildings to minimize the damages ofearthquakes 9. Scientists use the theory of plate tectonics to explain the apparent movementof continents over time.10. The convergent plate boundaries refer to the lines where plates push towardea

25、ch other 1. E 本题是对 E 段最后一句话的同义转述。定位关键词是 Earthquake-relatedfatalities 原文用 it s not. . . that claims lives; it s.结构指出通常不是地 壳晃动引起的死亡，而是伴随而來的房屋倒塌或其他口然灾害导致的死亡”，题目用.be caused by. . . not by.结构表达了同样的意思。2. C 本题是对 C 段最后两句的归纳，题目将两句话的含义槪括为一句话。定位关键 词是movements of the earthSs plates, volcanic eruptions, meteor impactso3. D 本题是对 D 段的总结。定位关键词是 get our attention。D 段首句就提到每夭 都会发生地震，最后