2017-2018学年高中英语Module4GreatScientistsSectionⅢGrammar_复习被动语态和by+v教学案外研版必修4

1、1探究发现1Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries.2Researchers were brought i nfrom all over China to develop the new system3The research was supported by the gover nment.4In Pakista n ricewill be grow n in many parts of the coun try.5The new hybridrice has been developed by the Yuan LongpingAg

2、ricultural Compa ny of China.6The shop closes at 6 : 00 pm every day.7The apple tastes good.8The new produ ct by the companysells well.9Open the door by winding the han dle.10People usually greet each otherby shak ing hands我的发现(1) 句采用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：am/is/are + done。(2) 句采用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为：was/

3、were + done。(3) 句分别用了一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。(4) 句中谓语动词以主动形式表示被动意义。(5) 句中，by+v.-ing 形式表示通过.方式。课堂要点精析KETAJNGYAODIANJINGXI一、被动语态被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态由物动词的过去分词”构成。Module 4 Great Scie ntists SectionnGrammar-复习被动语态和KEQJANZIZHU JNGWU语法图解；主动形式表衆嵌1动盘义的用法；by + vby+形式东环肝念廉直亦 :吾缶的构成更丙鞭新番玉田|应注盘的悄况 by+diei

4、具体的肘；间或度肚名词High-techbe+及21 各种时态的被动语态的构成(1) 一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are + doneBefore you leave the lab , make sure the electricity is turned off and the windows are shut .在你离开实验室之前，要确保电源被切断，窗户被关好。(2) 般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were + do neThe foreig n guests were give n a warm welcome by the childre n.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。(3)

5、 一般将来时被动语态的构成：shall/will + be+ doneMore space exploratio nswill be made in the future by the Chin ese people.中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探索。现在进行时被动语态的构成：am/is/are + being + doneThey are livi ng with their pare nts for the mome nt because their own houseisbeing rebuilt .他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。(5) 过去进行时被动语态的构

6、成：was/were + being + doneAfter school we went to the read in g-room to do some readi ng, only to be toldthat it was being decorated .放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。(6) 现在完成时被动语态的构成：has/have been + doneLi Hua has bee n electedmon itor of our class to take the place of Ma Li.李华已取代马丽，被选为我班班长。(7) 过去完成时被动语态的

7、构成：had been + doneWhenwe got on the spot of the accident,we were told that the injured had beensent to the nearest hospital.当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。(8) 将来完成时被动语态的构成：will/shall + have been + doneOn her n ext birthday, Annwill have bee n marriedfor twenty years.到下一次过生日的时候，安结婚就要满二十年了。(9) 含有情态动词的被动

8、语态的构成：情态动词+be+ doneThe boy feels hot on the forehead, so hemust be sent to hospital at once.3这个男孩的额头摸起来发热，所以必须被立刻送往医院。即时演练 1用所给词的被动语态填空41(2016 江苏高考改编)More efforts, as reported, will_be_made (make) in the years ahead toaccelerate the supply-side structure reform.2(2015 北京高考改编)Did you enjoy the party?

9、Yes, we were_treated (treat) well by our hosts.3(2015 天津高考改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreementhas_been_reached (reach) so far by the two sides.4(2014 天津高考改编)We wont start the work until all the preparationshave_been_made (make).5一 Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge

10、 to it is_bein g_repaired (repair)2.使用被动语态时应注意的情况(1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(take place, break out, come true, belong to,date from, happen等)。A fire broke out in his house yesterday.昨天他家着火了。(2) 含有介词或副词的及物动词短语变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可省略(look after,look for, take care of, put off, break into等)。The childre n are take n g

11、ood care of in the kin dergarte n.孩子们在幼儿园里被照顾得很好。(3) 带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词变被动语态时，一般把复合结构中的宾语变成主语，而把宾语补足语(在被动语态中叫作主语补足语)放在动词之后。We always keep the classroom clea n and tidy.TThe classroomis always kept clea n and tidyby us.我们总是保持教室干净而且整洁。名师点津 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make等感官动词或使役动词后作宾补的

12、不定式不带to，但当主动语态变为被动语态时，不定式符号to 必须加上。A girl saw my wallet drop whe n she passed by.TMy wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.一个姑娘路过时看到我的钱包掉了。即时演练 2完成句子51The game takes place every four years in a different country.这种活动每四年在不同的国家举行一次。2Many interesting experimentsare_carried_out in our lab

13、oratory.我们在实验室做了许多有趣的实验。3He is_ofte n_heard_to_play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。4The old templedates_from the Ming Dyn asty.那座古庙起源于明朝。3.主动形式表示被动意义的用法某些连系动词，如look, sou nd, smell, feel, taste, prove等，可用主动形式表示被动意义，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。That dog looks dangerous.那只狗看起来很危险。(2) 某些可用来表示主语内在品质”或性能”的及物动词，如：lock,

14、shut, open,move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw, cut, drink , eat 等常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些词后常有副词修饰，如well , easily 等。The cloth washes well and is comfortable to wear.这种布很容易洗而且穿起来很舒服。(3) need, require, want, deserve等词，当主语为物时，接动名词的主动形式，表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The flowers n eed wateri ng or they wi

15、ll die.=The flowers n eed to be watered or they will die.这些花需要浇水，否则它们会死。(4) 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The picture-book is wellworth readi ng这本图画书很值得一读。(5) 在主语+ be +形容词(+ for sb.) + to do ”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, interesti

16、ng, strange ,impossible , comfortable , dangerous 等。This article is difficult to read. I n eed some one to expla in it to me.这篇文章很难读懂，我需要一个人给我解释一下。(6) 不定式作定语修饰名词，与前面的名词有动宾关系，且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，用动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。6I have a lot of homework to do this after noon.今天下午我有很多的家庭作业要做。Please give me something to eat

17、 .请给我些东西吃。（7）某些动词不定式如 to blame, to let等，作表语时用主动形式表示被动意义。The boy was to blame for what he had done.这个男孩为他的所作所为受到了批评（责备）。即时演练 3用所给词的适当形式填空1(重庆高考改编)AMidsummerNight sDreanopens (ope n) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,and the n tours throughout Scotla nd.2(陕西高考改编)As a result of the serious flood, two-t

18、hirds of the buildingsin the area n eed repairing (repair).3The stone is heavy for the boyto_lift (lift).4The questi on is difficultto_answer (a nswer)5This kind of booksells (sell) well.二、by +v.-ing形式1. by +v.-ing形式，表示以某种方式来达到某种目的He passed the exam by work ing hard.通过努力学习，他通过了考试。2. by 表示“方式”的其他用法(1

19、) by +交通工具，如： by car/bus/bike/pla ne 等。I go to school by bike every day.我每天骑自行车去上学。(2) by + the +具体的时间或度量名词，女口 by the day/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen打)等。He is paid by the hour .他按小时得到报酬。即时演练 4(1)完成句子1The old man makes a living by selling_newspapers (靠卖报纸).2(北京高考改编)One learns a Ianguage by making mist

20、akes and correcting them (通过犯错并7改正它们).3They went to Shanghaiby air/plane ( 乘飞机).4These eggs are sold by thedozen ( 按打).8用 by doing 形式改写下列句子1You can reach there if you take a bus.TYou can reach thereby_taking_a_bus.2Stude nts lear n things whe n they do exercises after school.by_do in g_exercises_aft

21、er_school.3If we practice ofte n, we can operate the mach ine well.TBy_practicin g_ofte n,_we ca n operate the mach ine well.I.单句语法填空1.He hoped that he would_be_given (give) a more suitable job.2.Having_bee n_trapped (trap) in the mi ne for two days, the miners fin allywererescued.3.Every one dislik

22、es bein g_made (make) fun of by others.4.Dont lose heart! The problem can be_prevented (prevent) from getting worse.5.About thirty volunteers will_have_been_selected to the Mars throughouttheworld by 2018.6.(北京高考改编 )Shakespeares playHamlethas_been_made (make) into at least tendiffere nt films over t

23、he past years.7.(北京高考改编)So what is the procedure?All the applicantsare_interviewed(interview)before a final decision is madeby the authority.8.(辽宁高考改编 )We are con fide nt that the environment will_bemprovedby ourfurther efforts to reduce polluti on.9.The government announced that six highways had be

24、en built (build) by the end of last year.10.It is said that the subway will have_been_completed by 2017.11. A dinner party was being held (hold) in celebration of the great achievements she had madewhe n I called her yesterday.12.It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build) at present

25、 inTStude nts lear n thingsKEHOUQIANGHUAXUNLIAJN9the disaster area.13.The teacher will get angry if your homework is not finished (not, finish)on time.14.A lot of water is wasted (waste) every year. Its a serious problem.15. What do you think of the book?Oh, great. Its worth read ing （read） a sec on

26、d time.n.单句改错1. Having shown the classroom, we were taken to the library.Having _ 后力口_been2.The children aretaught how to operate the machine now.are后力口 being3.By the end of last month, all of hisworks have been published.havehad4.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth w

27、ashwell. washwashes5. In the last few years thousands of films had been produced all over the world. had have川.单句写作1.（2015 陕西高考满分作文）1 have just learned from theadvertisement that20_student_volunteers_are_wanted （需要 20 名学生志愿者）for the English CultureFestival.2._（2015天津高考满分作文）The textbooks and dictiona

28、ries can_be_used（_ 可以 被用作）as referenee books while the magazines serve as reading materials.3. （2014 天津高考标准范文）Our school is_located_in （ _ 坐落在）a northern cityof China, where you can taste many kinds of delicious food, because it is well famous for its sn acks.4.（2014 天津高考标准范文_）Our class is_made_up_of_50_lively_boys_and_gi_（由 50 名活泼可爱的男孩女孩组成）,who are warm and generous and ready to offer help.5.（2014 天 津 高 考 满 分 作 文）1 hope you10will_be_accepted_as_a_member_of_our_class （将被接受为我们班的一员）.6. （2014 上海高考满分作文 ）As far as I am concerned, I think that the columnconcerning entertainment should be remo