被动语态,非谓语

1、Passive Voice 被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。人常是执行者，所以被动句多是物做主语，因此科技文章,说明文用被动语态.1. 要点提示：被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成。2. “主动变被动很简单，及物动词方有缘；宾变主来主变宾；谓语至少二部分；过去分词永不变，时态人称be体现”(记熟过去分词PP!)被动语态的形式be+PP一般现在时(必会用)am/is/are+PP一般过去时（必会用）was/were+PP现在进行时am/is/are being+PP过去进行时was/were being+PP现在完成时

2、have/has been+PP过去完成时had been+PP一般/过去将来时will /would be+PP含有情态动词的（必会用）Can/may/must/should等+be+PP用动词 show 的被动语态填空1). I know a new film_ at the cinema every week.2). I know a new film _ at the cinema last week.3). I know a new film _ at the cinema at present.4). I know a new film _ at the cinema at eig

3、ht last night5). I know a new film _ at the cinema recently6). I know a new film _ at the cinema by the end of last week.7). I know a new film _ at the cinema in two days8） knew a new film _ at the cinema while we were standing in line for tickets.9）knew a new film _just _ at the cinema .用法指南1) 不知道或

4、没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁时Is this room cleaned every day? How was it invented?2) 表示“据说”、“据报道”等意义的句式It is said that the boy is only 5 years old. 记一记：Its believed/ known/ reported/ said/ discoveredthat等。3) 视情况不同，“by名词或代词”可以省略，主语是who时，不可以省略。Who teaches you chemistry? By whom is chemistry taught to you?Who is chem

5、istry taught by?4)“主谓双宾语（间接宾语直接宾语）”结构的主动句变为被动句时，可有两种形式：一种是以间接宾语(人)作主语，另一种是以直接宾语(物)作主语。They offered him some money. He was offered some money (by them).Some money was offered to him ( by them ).I bought her a pair of shoes.She was bought a pair of shoes.A pair of shoes was bought for her.注意：”物”变为主语时，

6、 “人”前经常要用介词to，for来引导。5）“主谓宾宾语补足语”结构的主动句变为被动句时,宾补变成主补They told the children to stay in the classroom.The children were told to stay in the classroom.You can find a river lying over there.A river can be found lying ove r there.We must keep the room cleanThe room must be kept clean.注意：(see/notice/watch

7、/hear/help/make/have)不带to的不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时，要将to还原。 Somebody saw him take away the box. He was seen to take away the box. Why do you make him work day and night? Why is he made to work day and night?6）含有短语动词的主动句变为被动，要把短语动词看成一体,保留其中的介词或副词。Everybody laughed at him. He was laughed at by everybody. You mus

8、t pay attention to your pronunciation.Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.7)部分状态词无被动have;cost;belong to; fit; suit;agree with8) 部分v.i词用主动代替被动: sell,wear;write washwell The pen writes well The pants washes well. The shoes wear well The car sells well.练初中英语被动语态练习1. One or two man-made satelli

9、tes _ in our country every year.(send up)2. It _(say) our TV set _ yesterday. (repair)3. How _ the Great Pyramid (金字塔)_ many years ago without modern machines?.(build)4. Many books on science _ since I went to college.(read)5. A wonderful English talk _ by Mr Liu tomorrow.(give)6. Mr Li , you _ on t

10、he phone. (want)7 I think the computer _ in every family before long.(use)8. _ the work _ yet ? (finish)9.This maths problem can easily _ out by little Tom.( work)10.This kind of car _ in Japan ten years ago.(can make)11. One year _ into four seasons.(divide)12 He _ much better today.(feel)13.The be

11、ar must _ to the zoo tomorrow morning.(send)14.A book should_ more than once if you want to understand it better.( read)15 The meeting _ in Room 302 soon.(hold)16.Such cars _ well(sell)17“Must_ the text _ today ?” asked Tom (copy) 18 In the past ten years, a lot of new buildings _ in our city.(put u

12、p)18 You cant go bike riding unless the homework _(do) A. Hasfinished B. Has beenfinished C Wasfinished D. Hasbeen finished19 A lot of books _ in our library. A. is kept B. are kept C. is keeping D. are keeping20.Don't go in . Your son _ inside the room. A. is operated on B. is being operated on

13、 C. operates on D. has been operated21.Food and clothes _ by women. A is often talk about B. are often talked C. are often talked about D. often talked about22.The baby _ when Mother was out.A. well looked after B. was looked well C. is well looked after D. was well looked after24.Joan said the wall

14、et _ in no time. A. will be handed in B. would be handed in C. had been handed in D. would be handed25.Jack often does things foolishly, so he _ sometimes _ by others. A. islaughed B. is laughed at C. waslaughed D. hasbeen laughed at26.Rubbish _ but collected and recycled（回收）into useful things . A.

15、is not now given B. will not now given C. doesn't now be given D. is now not given up27 People have come to know that their health must _. A.pay more attention to B. be paid more attention C. be paid more attention to28 When _ the People's Republic of China _ ? A. didfound B. wasfound C. was

16、founded D. didfind29.A beautiful picture_the children by the teacher in the classroom. A. were shown B. were shown to C. was shown D. was shown to30.Tom _ a new bike tomorrow. A. will lend B. will lent C. will be lent D. will be lent to31 He _ cross the street. A. sees B. sawto C. was seen D. was se

17、en to32. A new bike _ Tom tomorrow. A. will be lent B. will be lent to C. was lent to D. is lent to33 . Some eggs and a glass of milk _ the Frenchman. A. have been brought to B. has been brought to C. have been brought D. has been brought34 The paper for books and newspapers _ from wood . A. is made

18、 B. are made C. made D. has been made35. A song _ the guests by the famous singer now. A. is sung to B. is being sung for C. is been sung to D. is being sang for36. Pictures _ the people in the park every day. A. are drawn for B. are drawn to C. are drew for D. are draw to37. Jack _ answer the quest

19、ion in French. A. asked to B. was ask C. was asked D. was asked to38. The guards _ search the young man. A. wee ordered B. were order C. were ordered to D. ordered to39. Mr Brown _ take the medicine twice a day. A. has told B. has been told to C. has been told D. has be told to40. The Browns _ leave

20、 the hotel already. A. has been seen B. have being seen C. have been seen to D. have be seen to41. The thieves _ steal out of the shop in a hurry. A.were noticed to B. is noticed to C have been noticed42. The boys _ copy the new words ten times before they went home. A. were make B. were made to C.

21、were maked to D. was made to43. A man _ cry for help last night. A. was heard to B. was heard C. was hear to D. heard to44. Mary _ do morning exercises on the playground. A. saw to B. was saw to C . was seen to D. was seen45. Tom _ watch TV after he finishes his homeworkA. will let to B. will be all

22、owed C. will be let D. will be allowed to.46. Now Little Jack _ draw a picture of a bird. A. is be helped B. is been helped C. is being helped to D. is being help to47. A letter _ Tom and will be posted tomorrow.A. has written to B. has been written to C. has written D. has been written48. Great cha

23、nges _ in the village since then. A . have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place49. In the last few years Beijing _ greatly. A. has changed B. has been changed C. changed D. was changed50. The Great Wall _ people all over the world. A. knew B. is known C. was know D.

24、 is known to主动变被动;被动变主动 (供选择使用)1. She takes care of 5 kids2. I often hear her sing at night.3. Reading improves my English.4. How did you work it out?5. Where can I get shampo?6. Who ordered these dihes?7. Most people enjoy water sports 8. He causes trouble every day9. No one can stop me from doing

25、scientific research.10. Should he drink tea with honey?11. What do you do at noon?12. They have given away one million dollars13. Another subway wll be built in Beijing.14. We arent learing English 15. She was made to have a rest by mom16. Something must be done to help him out.17. I noticed him com

26、e in.18. Must I pick them up?19 We believe that practice makes perfect20. People say aliens landed on the earth last night.21. She is usually seen to enter the net bar in school hours.22 Can I taste the mixture?23, It produced a beautiful piece of music.24 He hums something in class.25 What makes yo

27、u work so hard?填空.1. Last year, laws _(pass) to protect our environment2. Chopsticks shouldnt _(stick) in your food.3. Homework _(hand) in every morning4. How often _your hair _(wash)?5. How soon _ my bike _(return)?6. Football cant _(play) in the classroom.7. Tom _(think) to be the cleverest in my

28、class.8. The car used to _(regard)as the oldest, but now it _(sell)well.9. What _(do) over these years?10. 5555yuan _(raise) for the sick boy yesterday.11. When _ the Party _(found)?12. The dog _(find) jumping and running with another dog,_ _?13. By whom _ the plants_(look after) every Tuesday?14. H

29、e is crying .What _ to him?15. I _(encourage) to speak loudly.16. Smoking or drinking_(not allow)hear.17. He created a game _(play) on the internet.18. So far, no stragity _(come)up with.19. _ a wrong size_(give) to you just now?20. _ English_(teach) in our school?21. _ this seat _(take)?22. I _(ask

30、 )to make the bed every morning.23. Telephone _(not invent) until 187624. What _ the cup _(use) for doing in the past?25. People must _(stop) from littering the river.非谓语动词非谓语动词顾名思义是不充当谓语的动词形式。换句话说，句中已经有了动词。所以它们不受主语的人称和数的限制。可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。包括to do（表一次性或将要发生）；doing（习惯性，或正在发生）；done（被动或完成）三种

31、！以下按句子成分对比学习1. to do / doing 都能作主语, done 不能!To learn a foreign language is not easy.=It is not easy to learn a foreign language.Learning a foreign language is not easy. (不用it做形式主语)What to do is a problem.1）当主语是 to do，表语也是to do当主语是 doing，表语也是doing,要前后一致。To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.To

32、teach is to learn. = Teaching is learning.2）有it 出现, 就要想到to do!A. It is +形容词/名词+（for sb）to doIt is impossible to live without air. It wont be difficult for Mary to find a new job. It is a pleasure to be with them.B. it 做形式宾语同理! I find it important to plan things for yourself You have made it possible

33、 for me to have Lucky. Dont you feel it your duty to support your family? I think it easy to do some listening every day.CIt is +形容词+of sb.to do It is very kind of you to help him every day.注意：这里的形容词用来说明人的本质、品德等。Kind； clever；nice； carefulD. It takes / took +sb. +一段时间 +to do It takes me ten minutes t

34、o walk to that school every day. How long did it take you to get here? Itll take him a month to finish reading the book. 2 to do / doing/done 作表语to do / doing(动名词)可以主,表互换; done, doing(分词),相当于形容词,不能互换. My wish is to become a scientist. (To become a scientist is my wish.) Her hobby is reading. (Readin

35、g is her hobby) The door is locked/broken/lost. The trip is exciting/boring/relaxingHis resolution is to learn to walk nicely3 to do / doing作宾语 done不能！4 介词+doing! I dont mind moving the bike. You decide how to go there. We are looking forward to seeing you soon. Are you interested in flying kites?4三

36、种都能作状语A. 目的状语用to do He went to America to learn English. To make things easier, they would give money. In order not to offend people,we cant use direct orders. Stop to rest!B. 结果状语： enough to do /tooto do He is strong enough to lift the box. You are too young to learn to drive.=You are not old enoug

37、h to learn to drive.=You are so young that you cant learn to drive.C 情绪adjs后to do作原因状语(glad/sorry/excited/surprised/amazed/sure/ready) Im very excited to get the chance. He is sure to beat him in tennis. D 时间，原因，条件，伴随方式状语用doing,done Being ill, he didnt show up here. Walking to school, I met a friend

38、 . They went home,singing and laughing. Seen from the hill,the city is like a picture. I根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it necessary _(learn) a foreign language?2. He is good at _(swim).3. Do you have anything _(say) for yourself?4. Its spring now. its time _(plant) trees.5. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long

39、time.6. The policeman told the boys not _(play) in the street.7. Her son is too young _(dress) himself.8. The ice _(cover) with snow is dangerous to walk on.9. China doesnt want _(copy) the USAs example.10. Lets _(have) a rest, shall we?11. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _(understand).12. The

40、book seems easy _(read).13. I asked him _(show) me his new pen.14. A _(break) car is parked at the corner of the road.15. Knives are used for _(cut) things.16. Whats his _(give) name, do you know?17. I really dont know what _(do) next.18. I often hear people _(say) “_(see) is _(believe)”.19. Youd be

41、tter _(try) this medicine.20. They said they had nothing _(worry) about.21. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?22. We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.23. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.24. Mary opened the door for him _(come) in.25. _(tell) you

42、 the truth, I dislike making friends with him.26. His wish was _(become) a doctor.27. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully.28. Thank you very much for _(help) us.29. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.30. Which of the following things would you like _(own)?31 _(be) honest

43、, I just dont like him.32 The boy was too short _(reach) the toy on the desk.33. I found a man _(lock) the door when I passed by.34. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned35 Who do you think youd like _? A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make frie

44、nds with D. make friends with36. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat37-Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday? -This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done38. Sally had no pe

45、n _ yesterday morning. A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with39. John asked David how _ Christmas. A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate40. -Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall “NO _”. -Oh, Im sorry. Ill never do it again. A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED41. -Boys and girls, will you please _ the park this afternoon? -OK. A. not cleaning out B. not to clean out C. to clean up D. clean up42Do you practice _ English every morning? A. speak B. to