高二必修五重点难点——被动语态

1、Section Grammar被动语态被动语态在高考中所占分值约为1.5分，考查形式以单项、改错和语篇填空为主，考查对句子主语和谓语的掌握。幻灯片3英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词用被动语态。一、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。幻灯片4时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时is/are doneHe is asked to do this.一般过去时was/were doneThe story was told by

2、 her mother.一般将来时will be doneThe problem will be discussed tomorrow.现在进行时is/are being doneThe novel is being written.过去进行时was being doneAt that time the desk was being made.现在完成时have/has been doneThe house has been built.过去完成时had been doneThey said that their work had been finished过去将来时would be done

3、He said the trees would be planted soon.幻灯片5二、被动语态的用法学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种时态结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省去by短语)。My car was stolen last night.昨晚我的车被盗了。2借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.我被给了十分钟来决定是否接受这个提议。幻灯片63为了更好地安排句子。The well

4、3;known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.那个名人一上车，就被认出来了。 幻灯片7三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1英语中有很多动词，如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。幻灯片8注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：T

5、he door wont lock.门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.不会有人来锁门。(指“门没有锁”是人的原因)幻灯片92表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如happen，last，take place，break out，come out，come about，come true，run out，give out，turn out等常以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？3有些表示感受、感官的连系动词smell，feel，sound，taste，look等在主系表结构中常

6、以主动形式表示被动意义。The flowers smell sweet.花闻起来香。幻灯片10四、非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义在某些句型中可用动词­ing形式和不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。1在need，want，require，bear等词的后面，动词­ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing(to be repaired)这房子需要修理。幻灯片112形容词worth后面跟动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The

7、picture­book is well worth reading.The picture­book is very worthy to be read.这本图画书很值得一读。幻灯片123在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The water is fit to drink.(可看作to drink前省略了for us)这水

8、适宜饮用。幻灯片13五、常用主动形式表被动意义结构1动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)今天下午我有很多事要做。试比较：Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted？我要去邮局，你有要邮的信吗？(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者)幻灯片142在be to do结构中

9、的一些不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词rent，blame，let等用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Who is to blame for the fire？谁应为这场大火受责备？幻灯片15六、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。The glass is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构)The glass was broken by the boy.杯子被男孩打破了。(被

10、动语态)幻灯片162如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。The door is locked.门是锁着的。(系表结构)The door has already/just been locked.门刚被锁上。(被动语态)3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。The machine is being repaired.机器正在被修理。幻灯片17七、get型被动句构成被动语态的助动词一般是be，但有时也可以是get。这种由“get过去分词”构成的get型被动句，主要用来表示某人发生了什么，着重于动作的结果。另外，动

11、作是偶然性的，不是事先计划的，主要用于非正式口语中。而be型被动句可用于各种场合。幻灯片181Many peoples names got changed in the rush.很多人的名字在匆忙之中被改了。2You might get burnt and you might drop the pan of burning oil.你有可能被烫伤，也可能会打翻装着热油的锅。幻灯片19幻灯片20.用所给词的适当形式填空1The children _ (take good care of) by the nurse now.答案：are being taken good care of2The

12、man was walking about outside the operation room，because his son _ (operate) on.答案：was being operated幻灯片213The big tree_(blow) down in the storm last night.答案：was blown4Good medicine_(taste) bitter.答案：tastes5Why dont you put the meat in the fridge？It will _ (stay) fresh for several days.答案：stay幻灯片22

13、6_the film_(show) many times since last Sunday?答案：Has；been shown7All the tickets_(sell out) when they arrived.答案：had been sold out8The poem_(read) smoothly.答案：reads幻灯片239They_(make，work) day and night.答案：are made to work10English_(speak) in many countries all over the world.答案：is spoken幻灯片24.单项填空1An

14、 exhibition of painting_at the art museum when he comes back from abroad.Ais going to holdBis going to be heldCare going to hold Dare going to be held解析：句意为：当他从国外回来时要在美术馆举办一次油画展。展览和举办之间是逻辑上的被动关系，排除A、C两项，又因主语是单数，故选B。答案:B 幻灯片252Her new novels are very popular. They_well and _already.Asell；have been so

15、ld out Bsell；sell outCare sold；are sold out Dare sold；sell out解析：句意为：她的新小说很受欢迎，很畅销，已经销售一空了。sell表示主语的特征时，主动形式表示被动意义；sell out与主语they为被动关系，故使用被动语态，且由already可知应使用现在完成时。答案：A幻灯片263Many officials were in favour of the proposal that a special committee _ to go into the accident.Awere set up Bwas set upCbe s

16、et up Dset up解析：句意为：许多官员支持建立一个专门的委员会来调查这个事故的提议。proposal的同位语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词(should)v.，此处委员会应被建立，所以选C。答案：C幻灯片274Have you moved into the new house?Not yet，the rooms_.Aare being painted Bare being paintingCare painted Dare painting解析：答句句意为：还没有，房间正在被涂漆。应用现在进行时的被动语态。答案：A幻灯片285You ought to put the milk in t

17、he refrigerator；now _sour.AI smell Bit is smeltCit smells Dit is smelling解析：句意为：你应该把牛奶放在冰箱里，现在牛奶闻起来有点酸了。感官动词没有被动形式，根据句意选C。答案：C幻灯片296Mr Alcott told me that four fifths of the houses_.Ahave been sold out Bhad been sold outCwere sold out Dwas sold out解析：句意为：Mr Alcott告诉我五分之四的房子已经售出。根据句意用完成时的被动语态，又因为主句中的

18、谓语动词用过去时，所以宾语从句用过去完成时。答案：B幻灯片307Elizabeth had a birthday party yesterday.Did you go to her party?No，I_.Did you have a good time?Awas not invited Bhave not been invitedChasnt been invited Ddidnt invite解析：由问句可知晚会发生在昨天，我没有被邀请，应为一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。答案：A幻灯片318A lot of students_these young trees this morning.A

19、were seen watering Bsaw wateringCwere seen water Dsaw water解析：句意为：今天上午人们看到许多学生正在浇这些小树。考查分词作宾补的句子变成被动语态的句式。答案：A幻灯片329No decision_about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.Awill be made Bis madeCis being made Dhas been made解析：本题考查时态和语态。句意为：直到所有的应试者都被面试了，才能作出将来职位任命的决定。

20、由句意可看出，until后的句子是现在完成时代替将来完成时，实际表将来，所以主句也应是将来发生的动作，又因为decision与make之间为被动关系，故此处应是将来时的被动式，所以A项正确。答案：A幻灯片3310The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front _ to arrive.Ais expected Bis expectingCexpects Dwill be expected解析：本句考查动词时态和语态。句意为：这种潮湿的天气明天还将继续，届时将会有一个冷锋到达。a cold front(冷锋)和expect之间是被动

21、关系，主句是一般将来时，故when引导的时间状语从句应该用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来要发生的动作。答案：A幻灯片3411At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement_.Ahas been reached Bhad been reachedChas reached Dhad reached解析：考查时态、语态。根据句中的was可知是对过去事实的叙述。agreement与reach之间又是被动关系，因此用过去完成时的被动结构。答案：B幻灯片3512I like these English songs and they_m

22、any times on the radio.Ataught Bhave taughtCare taught Dhave been taught解析：考查时态和语态。句意为：我喜欢这些英语歌曲，它们已在收音机中多次被教。A、B两项语态不对，C项时态不对，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。此类题目可先判断语态，再考虑时态，采用排除法，很容易得出正确答案。答案：D幻灯片3613It was reported that a big fire_at midnight in the center of the city.Abroke out Bwas broken outCwas happened Dwas

23、 taken place解析：句意为：根据报道半夜在市中心发生了一起大火灾。break out指(火灾等)突然爆发，不用于被动语态。happen，take place意为“发生”，不用于被动语态。答案：A幻灯片3714You might_if you touch the hot pan.Abe burning Bget burntCburn Dburnt解析：因burn与主语you有被动关系，故使用被动语态。情态动词后加动词原形。但get done为被动语态的变化形式。答案：B幻灯片3815I have to go to work by taxi because my car_at the g

24、arage.Awill be repaired Bis repairedCis being repaired Dhas been repaired解析：根据题意“我不得不乘出租车去上班，因为我的车正在修理厂修理”。因此此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。答案：C幻灯片3916Would you please keep silent？The weather report _and I want to listen.Ais broadcast Bis being broadcastChas been broadcast Dhad been broadcast解析：考查语态和时态。由句意可知，谓语动词用现在进行时的被动语态。答案：B幻灯片4017(2009&