商务英语阅读第一单元单词

1、Chapter 1 General View of International BusinessWTOPara 1engaged ininternational transactionsbe involved inoriginate引起, 发明, 发起, 创办 vi. 起源, 发生restrictions n.限制, 约束virtually: in facttariffs: 关税quotas：配额embargo：禁运boycotts：联合抵制barrier：贸易壁垒The World Trade Organization (WTO)inter-governmental organization

2、：政府间的组织flow：流畅(be) based on：以为基础services：服务settle：解决；平息trade dispute：贸易争端negotiation：谈判promote cooperation：促进合作joint decision-making：共同决策consensus：一致同意；一致意见body：机构；团体council：决策班子；委员会committee：委员会consist of：由组成entire membership：全体成员administrative support：行政支撑secretariat：秘书处Geneva, Switzerland：瑞士的日内瓦P

3、ara. 2trading system：贸易系统date back：追溯到Bretton Woods: 布雷顿森林conference：会议delegate：代表conceive：构思create：创立；创建the World Bank：世界银行the International Monetary Fund：国际货币基金组织International trade organization (ITO)：国际贸易组织a specialized agency：个别机构charter：宪章ambitious：有抱负的；有雄心壮志的extend beyond：扩充；延伸world trade disc

4、iplines： 世界贸易原则commodity agreement：国际商品协定restrictive business practices：限制性经营办法international investment：国际投资Havana：哈瓦拉（古巴首都）Cuba：古巴ratification：批准legislation：立法opposition：反对the U.S. Senate：美国上议院driving forces：动力announce：宣布seek：寻求congressional ratification：国会的批准effectively：有效地eventual result：最后的结果sub

5、sequent：随后的；后来的creation：创建；创立the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)：关贸总协定be concerned with：关注primarily:主要的（mainly）reduce barriers to the international trade of goods: 减少国际商品贸易壁垒result from：由所产生provisional: 临时的prosperous：兴旺发达的 multilateral：多边的；多国的international commerce：国际贸易overhaul：彻底改革due

6、：应得的；预期的massive modification：巨大的改革Uruguay Round：乌拉圭回合（在乌拉圭的多次国际贸易谈判）Para 3regulate：控制；调节；规范regulating world trade of goods：规范国际商品贸易tariff barriers：关税壁垒non-tariff barriers：非关税壁垒not long after：soongive birth to: 产生(result in)de facto: 实际上；实事上informally：非正式的over the years：during the following yearsevol

7、ve: 发展；进化set out：订立conduct international trade：进行国际贸易institution：机构temporary：暂时的；临时的recognize：认可replace：代替amend：修改incorporate：合并live on：继续存在updated：最新的text：版本(version)key principles: 主要原则adopt：采用General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)：服务贸易总协定intellectual property: 知识产权Trade-Related Aspects of

8、International Property Rights (TRIPS)：与贸易有关的知识产权协定Para 4signatory （signatories）：签署各国intend：打算set up a worldwide trading organization：建立世界贸易组织in the event：最后(eventually)reach an understanding: 达成一致意见(not) increase tariffs beyond their existing level：增加的关税不超过现在的水平Abolition：废除most favored nation：最惠国tra

9、ding privileges：贸易特权extend：扩展；延伸systems of preferences：优惠系统；特惠系统Commonwealth Preference：英联邦关税特惠制trading blocs：贸易集团establishment：建立common-market type agreements：共同市场协定EC：abbr. 欧共体(European Community)Outward -looking：外向型的Insular：adj.内向型的；海岛的, 孤立的, 超然物外的abolish quotas：废除配额Kennedy Round：肯尼迪回合account for

10、 about 80% of international trade：占.Para. 5emphasis: 重点；强调shift：转换；转移the north-south dialogue：南北对话conduct：进行；实行the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)：联合国贸易与发展会议primary commodities：初级商品discriminate (against)：歧视protectionist policy：贸易保护主义政策freer access to markets：更自由进入市场的机会WTO

11、 Agreements：世贸协定Part 1expansion：扩充governing：控制；调节cover：包括global exchange of goods：全球商品交易capital：资本multi-national organization：多国贸易(be) capable of：能.resolve: 解决trade conflicts：贸易冲突；贸易争端play a key role：发挥关键性的作用settle trade disputes：解决贸易争端at its heart：起核心作用legal：法定的ground-rules：章程essentially：本质上bind go

12、vernments to keep their trade policies：约束各国政府保持贸易政策不变within agreed limits：已经过协议的范围内as negotiated and signed governments: 作为经过谈判和签署协议的各国政府objective：目标；目的achieve：实现tolerance：宽容generosity：大度impartial means of settling trade disputes：公正解决贸易争端的办法overriding purpose：最重要的目的undesirable side effects：不希望发生的副作用

13、obstacles：障碍ensure：确保；保证individuals：个体transparent：透明的readily：容易地ascertainable：确定的predictable：可预见的protectionism：贸易保护主义bloated：膨胀的inefficient：低效率的closure：关闭draft：草拟drafted and signed by community of trading nations：由各贸易国共同草拟和签署的considerable debate：充分的辩论controversy：争论function：作用forum：论坛Part 2dispute se

14、ttlement：解决争端conflicting interest：利益冲突bring actions on its own initiative：独自采取行动initiate actions：采取行动dispute settlement process：解决争端程序spell out：讲清除；详细说明Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes：解决争端规则和程序的谅解govern：管理；统治；控制dispute settlement body：解决争端机构a special assemb

15、ly：立法机构consultation：磋商interested third-parties：有利益关系的第三当事人the establishment of a panel：建立专家组investigate：调查alleged violations：对违反的指控appellate review：上诉审查Appellate Body：上诉机构adoption of the panel: 采纳专家意见appellate decision by the Dispute Settlement Body：解决争端机构的上诉裁决implementation of the decision adopted：

16、执行所采纳的裁决escalating：逐步上升的；循序渐进的three-step process：三个步骤voluntary conformity：自愿一致the violating member: 侵害方compensation：赔偿the injured member：被侵害方trade concessions：贸易让步；妥协accomplish：实现retaliation：报复arbitration：仲裁Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization：建立世界贸易组织协定Part 3antidumping: 反倾销impositio

17、n：强加 impositionof antidumping：强加反倾销（报复）countervailing measures：抵销措施；补偿措施fair value：公平价值dumping: 倾销recognize：公认prohibit：禁止an established industry：已有的工业materially：从物质上inhibit：抑制；约束domestic industry：国内工业provide: 规定impose：强行征税antidumping duty：反倾销税in appropriate circumstances：在适当的情况下outline：概述subsidy：津贴；

18、补助金bounty：津贴bestow：给予artificially cheaper：人为造成的便宜emerging industries: 新兴工业a member nation: 成员国a countervailing duty：反倾销税；反补贴税offset：抵销Part 4lengthy and complex：漫长而复杂的legal texts：法律文本cover a wide range of activities：涉及范围广government purchases: 政府采购food sanitation regulations：食品卫生规则intellectual propert

19、y：知识产权Part 5fundamental principles：基本原则run throughout all of these documents：应用与所有文件worldwide, multilateral trading system：全世界多边贸易系统states v. ：规定discrimination：歧视discriminate：歧视 grante：准予；承认most-favoured-nation (MFN) status：最惠国地位national treatment （国民待遇）freer：更自由的prediatable：可以预见的arbitrarily：任意地；随意地

20、more competitive：更据竞争性的discouraging: 打击market share：市场份额beneficial：受益的flexibility：灵活性special privileges：特权Part 6cost-free: 免费的；不付出代价的attain：获得applicant：申请者go through：经过 existing members：现有成员国prospective members：申请加入的国家engage in some painful reforms：进行一些难度很大的改革curb export subsidies(subsidy)：控制；抑制enfo

21、rcement of laws：强制执行法律intellectual property piracy：侵犯知识产权的行为1.2 Globalization1.2.1.globalization：全球化globe: 地球；世界integrated：综合的a more integrated and interdependent world economy：更加综合和相互依赖的世界经济components：成分；因素the globalization of markets：全球化市场the globalization of production：全球化生产1.2.1.1Part 1the mergi

22、ng of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace：从过去的明显的单一国内市场融汇为一个巨大的全球市场the taste and preference：品味和偏好converge on a global norm：汇聚为一个全球标准Citicorp credit cards：花旗银行信用卡Levis jeans：Levis 牛仔服Sony Walkmans and Discmans：Nintendo game players：任天堂游戏机hold up：认为prot

23、otypical：典型的trend：趋势Levi Strauss：一公司名 (Levis strauss 牛仔裤)benefactor: 贡献者；恩人；捐助者facilitator：推动者standardized product：标准化产品the size of these multinational giants：跨国公司规模 facilitate: 推动；促进triple：增至三倍account for：占target emerging markets：瞄准新兴市场close to: nearlyPart 2prevalence：流行Sony PlayStations：索尼游戏站push

24、too far: （将某事）过分扩大give way to：让位于.significant：重要的relevant dimensions：相关方面distribution channels：销售渠道culturally embedded value systems：根深帝固的文化价值观念marketing strategy：营销策略and the like: and so onoperating practice: 操作习惯 customize：为用户定制best match conditions in a country：最好地与当地国家的情况相适应 promote: 开发varying c

25、ar models：不同的汽车类型a range of factors：一系列的因素traffic congestion：交通拥堵Part 3currently：目前；现在universal need the world over: 全球性的需要 the world over：all over the worldcommodity: 商品aluminum：铝microprocessor：微型处理器DRAMs: computer memory chips：电脑存储芯片commercial jet aircraft：商用喷气式飞机financial assets：金融资产US Treasury b

26、ills：美国短期债券，偿还期一般为三到六个月futures on the Nikkei Index：日经期货指数the Nikkei Index 东京证券交易所Eurobonds: 欧洲债券Mexican peso：墨西哥比索 Part 4an important feature：特点；特征confront：面对；对抗competitor：竞争对手in nation after nation：一个又一个国家rivalry：竞争rival: 对手Pepsi：百事可乐Ford：美国福特汽车公司Toyota：丰田汽车Boeing：波音公司Air-bus：空中客车Caterpillar：公司名Kom

27、atsu：公司名Nintendo：任天堂 Sony：索尼gain an advantage：取得优势homogeneity：同质:同种multinational enterprise：跨国企业emerge：出现convergence：集中homogeneous：相似的；同类的1.2.1.2 The Globalization of Productiontendency: 趋向source：寻找（search for）take advantage of national differences：利用国家之间的不同in the cost and quality：在成本与质量方面factors of

28、 production：生产要素overall cost structure：全部成本结构functionality：功能major component parts：主要零件supplier：供应商fuselage, doors and wings：机身，机门和机翼the nose landing gear：飞机起落架wing flaps: 副翼；阻力板rationale：基本原理outsource: 外购；外包perform：从事；做enhance: 提高；增强Part 2dispersal：分散get into the act：参加；插手Swan Optical: 公司名（a compan

29、y）manufacturer：制造商distributor：销售商eyewear：眼镜revenue：收入jointly: 共同的minority stake：少数股份locations：地方(places)designer eyewear：设计师的眼镜charge a premium price: 获取保险费溢价disperse：分散competitive advantage：竞争优势exemplify：例证；作为例子irrelevant：不恰当的；不相关的the outsourcing of productive activities：外购（外包）的生产活动substantial：很大的；重要的impediment：障碍optimal dispersion：理想的分散（生产活动）Part 3travel down the road toward：go towardcharacterized by以为特点important actors in this drama：这个舞台上的重要演员foster：促进merely：onlyrespond: 相应；回应1.2.2. Implications for the Globalization of Productiondecline: 下降Implications for Int