沥青路面平整度原影响高速公因分析与对策

1、路沥青路面平整度原影响高速公因分析与对策 在高速公路建设中，由于沥青路面具有表面平整、行车舒适、耐磨抗滑、低噪声、施工周期短、维修简便等特点，而被广泛应用。人们乘车在高速公路上行驶，平整度能直接反映高速公路通车后的整体效果，是体现路面使用品质与行车舒适性的最直接的外观指标。我公司在沪宁高速公路和南京机场高速公路沥青路面施工过程中，严密组织，精心施工，使路面平整度均方差分别达到0.68和0.55的较高水平，圆满地完成了争创国优的目标。本文结合施工实践就影响沥青路面平整度的原因进行分析，并提出相应对策。 1、基层施工质量的影响 以往“基层不平面层调，下层不平上层找”的老方法，对平整度要求很高的高速

2、公路来说是根本行不通的。如规范允许基层顶面偏差10mm，当用沥青混合料将10mm低洼处填平时，尽管表面是铺平了，但该处多出的10mm松厚经压实后仍会出现低洼现象，其深度为10-（101.2）1.7mm(1.2为沥青混合料平均压实系数)。如误差大于10mm则不平整度将更大，由此可见基层顶面的平整度对沥青面层的平整度影响可谓举足轻重。 1.1 重视基层平整，厂拌混合料摊铺机铺筑 二灰碎石半刚性基层的施工，过去习惯采用平地机作业，它的缺点是高程、厚度难以控制，且反复找平表面容易离析，同时混合料浪费也多。 沪宁和机场高速公路业主按新规范标准，提出了混合料集中厂拌、进口摊铺机铺筑的高要求，之所以强调进口

3、摊铺机主要原因是它能保证所铺混合料均匀、表面平整，高程、纵横坡、厚度等指标能满足设计要求。实践证明进口ABG型摊铺机铺筑效果最佳，而国产摊铺机几次试铺均未成功。 对设计厚度超过30cm者可分二层铺筑，摊铺宽度控制在68m时平整度效果较好。 1.2 控制混合料的最大粒径及含水量 为提高基层平整度及方便摊铺机铺筑，基层混合料集料最大粒径宜适当减小。因为集料粒径越大，混合料越易产生离析，且对搅拌、摊铺设备的磨损也大。因此，适当减小集料最大粒径，有利于摊铺机作业和基层顶面平整度的提高。 另外，混合料施工含水量的控制亦十分重要，含水量过小影响结构的板体形成含水量过大碾压成型困难，且易形成路面大波浪，致使

4、基层平整度降低，甚至导致结构层收缩开裂。 实践表明，提高沥青路面平整度必须从基层抓起，而提高基层施工质量的关键在于采用精良的施工机械，如好的稳定粒料厂拌设备与进口摊铺机。 2 施工机械作业的影响 2.1 摊铺机 2.1.1 基准钢丝及装置的准确程度 在施工中我们采用底面层“走钢丝”、中、上面层“走雪撬”的基准控制方法，收到了较好的效果。 底面层施工前，先要张拉好用于承托仪表传感器的基准线(23mm钢丝绳)，然后设好各桩(桩距10m)，根据测量的挂线高确定各桩位钢丝的高度。应精心测量、认真调整，并检查钢丝拉力不得小于784N。否则，由于测量不准、量线失误或拉力不够钢丝下挠等都会通过架设在钢丝上的

5、仪表反映到摊铺路段上，造成路面波浪状起伏，影响平整度。 在沪宁高速公路沥青上面层施工中我们采用了自制移动式基准梁，长度为10m，摊铺精度达到平整度均方差0.68。为了实现南京机场高速公路平整度0.60以下的高标准，又引进美国布鲁诺克斯公司生产的移动式基准梁。该装置长16.77m，在摊铺机前面的基准梁上装有2×12个可上下伸缩的“雪撬”板，后基准梁上装有2×16个可上下伸缩的橡胶轮，前后基准梁在摊铺机大臂处铰接，可消除下层局部不平整，将原有路面纵坡(通过前基准梁获得)和新铺层(通过后基准梁获得)的平均高程结合在一起，与“走钢丝”及自制雪撬相比，摊铺精度明显提高，从而提高了路面

6、平整度。 2.1.2 摊铺机仪表性能及微调器的正确使用 路面标高的控制是靠仪表来实现的。摊铺机带全自动调平装置，能够根据自动找平仪的指令达到设计高程，这样铺筑的路面平整度好。如仪表反映迟缓，加上微调器使用不当升降太快均会反映到新铺路面上，影响平整度。 2.1.3 摊铺机熨平板加热及调整 在沪宁高速公路、南京机场高速公路施工中，我们使用了德国产ABG422型、ABG311型、VOGELE2000型、VOGELE1800型摊铺机。这四种摊铺机的熨平板加热装置中ABG型属于液化气加热，VOGELE型属于电加热。摊铺前，如果熨平板加热温度不够或加热不均匀，摊铺时会造成温度较高的混合料与温度较低的熨平板

7、粘结，使得摊铺层面出，现拉毛、小坑洞、深槽等不规则的凹凸不平。因此，摊铺前熨平板温度必须加热到85°90°。 另外，摊铺前一定要认真检查熨平板的平直度，若有正拱或反拱现象，则必须调 整撑拉熨平板的拉杆长度，使熨平板下表面同属一坡度，以确保路面横向平整度。 2.1.4 摊铺机振捣器、夯锤对路面平整度的影响 振捣器、夯锤的频率与摊铺速度、混合料级配、温度和厚度等有很大的关系，应按使用说明书规定认真选定合适的频率。如果摊铺较薄的上面层，振捣器、夯锤频率过大会造成熨平板共振，使摊铺机找平装置处于不稳定状态而影响平整度。同时，应经常检查振捣器、夯锤皮带，皮带过于松弛会使振捣频率、夯实

8、次数快慢不一，形成路面“搓板”。 2.1.5 校正行驶方向引起路面不平整 摊铺机行驶方向发生偏斜时，必须及时校正。此时，摊铺机履带一边前进，另一边缓慢前进，快的一边熨平板前方会有一个向前抬高的小台阶，慢的一边熨平板后端会有一个向后推挤的小台阶，影响路面平整度，应在碾压时采取措施予以消除。 此类校正行驶方向出现的小台阶，在曲线半径较小的路段容易产生。 2.2 压路机 路面平整度好坏的关键在摊铺机，但与压路机的碾压有着不可分割的关系。合理的碾压工艺与正确的碾压操作是保证路面平整度的重要手段。 2.2.1 碾压方式及碾压速度的控制 碾压沥青混合料应采用组合碾压的方式，初压时首先采用双钢轮压路机，碾压

9、2遍，速度为1.52kmh；复压紧接在初压后进行，应采用重型轮胎压路机，碾压45遍，速度为3.54.5kmh；终压采用双钢轮压路机，碾压2遍，速度为2.53.5kmh。碾压时除按规范标准进行外，应注意碾压路线和方向不得突然改变，以免使混合料产生推移或发裂。 2.2.2 碾压温度的控制 沥青混合料的温度控制是沥青路面施工过程中的关键，现场应有专人负责对来料车、摊铺后、碾压前、碾压中及碾压终了的温度进行测试。碾压应在混合料较高温度下进行最为有利，一般初压不低于120°，复压不低于90°，终压完成时不低于70°。温度越高越容易提高路面的平整度与压实度，温度偏低导致沥青混

10、合料颗粒间摩擦阻力加大，使沥青面层压实度不均匀，且容易形成局部松散和发裂，影响路面现拉毛、小坑洞、深槽等不规则的凹凸不平。因此，摊铺前熨平板温度必须加热到85°90°。 另外，摊铺前一定要认真检查熨平板的平直度，若有正拱或反拱现象，则必须调 整撑拉熨平板的拉杆长度，使熨平板下表面同属一坡度，以确保路面横向平整度。 2.1.4 摊铺机振捣器、夯锤对路面平整度的影响 振捣器、夯锤的频率与摊铺速度、混合料级配、温度和厚度等有很大的关系，应按使用说明书规定认真选定合适的频率。如果摊铺较薄的上面层，振捣器、夯锤频率过大会造成熨平板共振，使摊铺机找平装置处于不稳定状态而影响平整度。同时

11、，应经常检查振捣器、夯锤皮带，皮带过于松弛会使振捣频率、夯实次数快慢不一，形成路面“搓板”。 2.1.5 校正行驶方向引起路面不平整 摊铺机行驶方向发生偏斜时，必须及时校正。此时，摊铺机履带一边前进，另一边缓慢前进，快的一边熨平板前方会有一个向前抬高的小台阶，慢的一边熨平板后端会有一个向后推挤的小台阶，影响路面平整度，应在碾压时采取措施予以消除。 此类校正行驶方向出现的小台阶，在曲线半径较小的路段容易产生。 2.2 压路机 路面平整度好坏的关键在摊铺机，但与压路机的碾压有着不可分割的关系。合理的碾压工艺与正确的碾压操作是保证路面平整度的重要手段。 2.2.1 碾压方式及碾压速度的控制 碾压沥青

12、混合料应采用组合碾压的方式，初压时首先采用双钢轮压路机，碾压2遍，速度为1.52kmh；复压紧接在初压后进行，应采用重型轮胎压路机，碾压45遍，速度为3.54.5kmh；终压采用双钢轮压路机，碾压2遍，速度为2.53.5kmh。碾压时除按规范标准进行外，应注意碾压路线和方向不得突然改变，以免使混合料产生推移或发裂。 2.2.2 碾压温度的控制 沥青混合料的温度控制是沥青路面施工过程中的关键，现场应有专人负责对来料车、摊铺后、碾压前、碾压中及碾压终了的温度进行测试。碾压应在混合料较高温度下进行最为有利，一般初压不低于120°，复压不低于90°，终压完成时不低于70°

13、。温度越高越容易提高路面的平整度与压实度，温度偏低导致沥青混合料颗粒间摩擦阻力加大，使沥青面层压实度不均匀，且容易形成局部松散和发裂，影响路面沥青路面施工缝处理的好坏对平整度有一定的影响，往往连续摊铺路段平整度较好，而接缝处的一个点数据较差。因此，接缝水平是制约平整度的重要因素之一。处理好接缝的关键是要舍得切除接头，用3m直尺检查端部平整度，以摊铺层面直尺脱离点为界限，以切割机切缝挖除。新铺接缝处采用斜向碾压法，适当结合人工找平，可消除接缝处的不平整，使前后两路段平顺衔接。 3.5 现场人工修补 施工过程中，不论何种原因，只要是混合料中混杂有少量的枯料、花料，摊铺到路面后就必须彻底挖除，换上合

14、格的混合料。人工填平混合料不可能达到摊铺机铺筑的水平，必然会影响路面平整度。 3.6 桥头与伸缩缝的处理 平整度好的路面，必须与减少和消除桥头跳车相结合，才能解决好高速公路的行车舒适问题。沪宁高速公路与南京机场高速公路高度重视桥头跳车问题，如采取先填路堤后钻桩，采用工程性质良好的材料填筑桥头路堤，用手扶震动压路机处理边角以减少桥头路堤日后的沉降，收到了很好的效果。由于车辆在高速公路上高速行驶时产生的冲击力大，国产橡胶板式伸缩缝经受不了大交通量高速行车的冲击。因此，沪宁、南京机场高速公路对大、中桥桥面伸缩缝一律采用自德国进口和中德合资江苏毛勒桥梁附件有限公司生产的毛勒伸缩缝，这种伸缩缝是当今国际

15、上公认的性能可靠且又耐久的桥面伸缩装置，安装使用效果明显，桥面行车平稳舒适，接缝处无跳车现象。 4 路面结构类型与平整度的关系 施工中发现，采用相同的摊铺机和相同的碾压工艺，摊铺不同类型的路面结构层，其各自的平整度不同。相同的厚度，开级配料由于其混合料松铺系数较密级配大，所以平整度不如密级配。在同一级配条件下，厚度小的结构层比厚度大的平整度好。 5 结束语 沥青路面平整度涉及的面很广，影响因素很多，关系到路基、路面施工全过程，情况复杂，有的是机械性能引起，有的则是人为操作、安排失误造成，我们只有在充分研究分析产生的原因后，才能对症下药抓好施工中的每一细小环节。沥青路面平整度是施工机械、人员素质

16、、操作水平的综合反映，只有加强施工现场管理，精心组织施工，才能保证路面平整度，提高路面工程质量。 附件2：外文原文 Influence expressway pitch road surface roughness reason analysis and countermeasure In the construction of highway, because the pitch road surface has surface to levelled , drives a vehicle to resist the slippery , low in noise , short , cha

17、racteristic of maintaining comfortably , wear-resistingly simply and conveniently etc. of cycle of constructing, and the extensive application of quilt. People go on the expressway by bus, the roughness can reflect the whole result after the expressway is open to the traffic directly , reflect road

18、surface use quality and drive a vehicle most direct appearance index of comfortableness. While Shanghai and Nanjing expressway and expressway pitch road surface of airport of Nanjing construct our company, tight to organize, construct meticulously , make road surface roughness variance reach 0.68 an

19、d 0.55 more high-level respectively, have finished striving for the national best goal satisfactorily. This text combines construction and practises the reason to influence the roughness of road surface of pitch to analyse, propose the corresponding countermeasure. 1, Influence of the construction q

20、uality at the basic level Old method on " basic unit level layer transfer , lower floor not smooth upper strata look for " in the past, at all impractical to what the roughness expects very much expressway. If the norm allows deviation 10mm of top surface at the basic level, when fill and

21、lead up the low-lying place of 10mm with the pitch mixture, though surface to pave, 10mm that place produce more this loose to can appear low-lying phenomenon still after debulk while being thick, its depth is 10- (10/1.2) =1.7mm (1.2 is the pitch mixture 附件2：外文原文 Influence expressway pitch road sur

22、face roughness reason analysis and countermeasure In the construction of highway, because the pitch road surface has surface to levelled , drives a vehicle to resist the slippery , low in noise , short , characteristic of maintaining comfortably , wear-resistingly simply and conveniently etc. of cyc

23、le of constructing, and the extensive application of quilt. People go on the expressway by bus, the roughness can reflect the whole result after the expressway is open to the traffic directly , reflect road surface use quality and drive a vehicle most direct appearance index of comfortableness. Whil

24、e Shanghai and Nanjing expressway and expressway pitch road surface of airport of Nanjing construct our company, tight to organize, construct meticulously , make road surface roughness variance reach 0.68 and 0.55 more high-level respectively, have finished striving for the national best goal satisf

25、actorily. This text combines construction and practises the reason to influence the roughness of road surface of pitch to analyse, propose the corresponding countermeasure. 1, Influence of the construction quality at the basic level Old method on " basic unit level layer transfer , lower floor

26、not smooth upper strata look for " in the past, at all impractical to what the roughness expects very much expressway. If the norm allows deviation 10mm of top surface at the basic level, when fill and lead up the low-lying place of 10mm with the pitch mixture, though surface to pave, 10mm that

27、 place produce more this loose to can appear low-lying phenomenon still after debulk while being thick, its depth is 10- (10/1.2) =1.7mm (1.2 is the pitch mixture 附件2：外文原文 Influence expressway pitch road surface roughness reason analysis and countermeasure In the construction of highway, because the

28、 pitch road surface has surface to levelled , drives a vehicle to resist the slippery , low in noise , short , characteristic of maintaining comfortably , wear-resistingly simply and conveniently etc. of cycle of constructing, and the extensive application of quilt. People go on the expressway by bu

29、s, the roughness can reflect the whole result after the expressway is open to the traffic directly , reflect road surface use quality and drive a vehicle most direct appearance index of comfortableness. While Shanghai and Nanjing expressway and expressway pitch road surface of airport of Nanjing con

30、struct our company, tight to organize, construct meticulously , make road surface roughness variance reach 0.68 and 0.55 more high-level respectively, have finished striving for the national best goal satisfactorily. This text combines construction and practises the reason to influence the roughness

31、 of road surface of pitch to analyse, propose the corresponding countermeasure. 1, Influence of the construction quality at the basic level Old method on " basic unit level layer transfer , lower floor not smooth upper strata look for " in the past, at all impractical to what the roughness

32、 expects very much expressway. If the norm allows deviation 10mm of top surface at the basic level, when fill and lead up the low-lying place of 10mm with the pitch mixture, though surface to pave, 10mm that place produce more this loose to can appear low-lying phenomenon still after debulk while be

33、ing thick, its depth is 10- (10/1.2) =1.7mm (1.2 is the pitch mixture 附件2：外文原文 Influence expressway pitch road surface roughness reason analysis and countermeasure In the construction of highway, because the pitch road surface has surface to levelled , drives a vehicle to resist the slippery , low i

34、n noise , short , characteristic of maintaining comfortably , wear-resistingly simply and conveniently etc. of cycle of constructing, and the extensive application of quilt. People go on the expressway by bus, the roughness can reflect the whole result after the expressway is open to the traffic dir

35、ectly , reflect road surface use quality and drive a vehicle most direct appearance index of comfortableness. While Shanghai and Nanjing expressway and expressway pitch road surface of airport of Nanjing construct our company, tight to organize, construct meticulously , make road surface roughness v

36、ariance reach 0.68 and 0.55 more high-level respectively, have finished striving for the national best goal satisfactorily. This text combines construction and practises the reason to influence the roughness of road surface of pitch to analyse, propose the corresponding countermeasure. 1, Influence

37、of the construction quality at the basic level Old method on " basic unit level layer transfer , lower floor not smooth upper strata look for " in the past, at all impractical to what the roughness expects very much expressway. If the norm allows deviation 10mm of top surface at the basic

38、level, when fill and lead up the low-lying place of 10mm with the pitch mixture, though surface to pave, 10mm that place produce more this loose to can appear low-lying phenomenon still after debulk while being thick, its depth is 10- (10/1.2) =1.7mm (1.2 is the pitch mixture 附件2：外文原文 Influence expr

39、essway pitch road surface roughness reason analysis and countermeasure In the construction of highway, because the pitch road surface has surface to levelled , drives a vehicle to resist the slippery , low in noise , short , characteristic of maintaining comfortably , wear-resistingly simply and con

40、veniently etc. of cycle of constructing, and the extensive application of quilt. People go on the expressway by bus, the roughness can reflect the whole result after the expressway is open to the traffic directly , reflect road surface use quality and drive a vehicle most direct appearance index of

41、comfortableness. While Shanghai and Nanjing expressway and expressway pitch road surface of airport of Nanjing construct our company, tight to organize, construct meticulously , make road surface roughness variance reach 0.68 and 0.55 more high-level respectively, have finished striving for the nati

42、onal best goal satisfactorily. This text combines construction and practises the reason to influence the roughness of road surface of pitch to analyse, propose the corresponding countermeasure. 1, Influence of the construction quality at the basic level Old method on " basic unit level layer tr

43、ansfer , lower floor not smooth upper strata look for " in the past, at all impractical to what the roughness expects very much expressway. If the norm allows deviation 10mm of top surface at the basic level, when fill and lead up the low-lying place of 10mm with the pitch mixture, though surfa

44、ce to pave, 10mm that place produce more this loose to can appear low-lying phenomenon still after debulk while being thick, its depth is 10- (10/1.2) =1.7mm (1.2 is the pitch mixture 附件2：外文原文 Influence expressway pitch road surface roughness reason analysis and countermeasure In the construction of

45、 highway, because the pitch road surface has surface to levelled , drives a vehicle to resist the slippery , low in noise , short , characteristic of maintaining comfortably , wear-resistingly simply and conveniently etc. of cycle of constructing, and the extensive application of quilt. People go on

46、 the expressway by bus, the roughness can reflect the whole result after the expressway is open to the traffic directly , reflect road surface use quality and drive a vehicle most direct appearance index of comfortableness. While Shanghai and Nanjing expressway and expressway pitch road surface of a

47、irport of Nanjing construct our company, tight to organize, construct meticulously , make road surface roughness variance reach 0.68 and 0.55 more high-level respectively, have finished striving for the national best goal satisfactorily. This text combines construction and practises the reason to in

48、fluence the roughness of road surface of pitch to analyse, propose the corresponding countermeasure. 1, Influence of the construction quality at the basic level Old method on " basic unit level layer transfer , lower floor not smooth upper strata look for " in the past, at all impractical

49、to what the roughness expects very much expressway. If the norm allows deviation 10mm of top surface at the basic level, when fill and lead up the low-lying place of 10mm with the pitch mixture, though surface to pave, 10mm that place produce more this loose to can appear low-lying phenomenon still

50、after debulk while being thick, its depth is 10- (10/1.2) =1.7mm (1.2 is the pitch mixture 附件2：外文原文 Influence expressway pitch road surface roughness reason analysis and countermeasure In the construction of highway, because the pitch road surface has surface to levelled , drives a vehicle to resist

51、 the slippery , low in noise , short , characteristic of maintaining comfortably , wear-resistingly simply and conveniently etc. of cycle of constructing, and the extensive application of quilt. People go on the expressway by bus, the roughness can reflect the whole result after the expressway is op

52、en to the traffic directly , reflect road surface use quality and drive a vehicle most direct appearance index of comfortableness. While Shanghai and Nanjing expressway and expressway pitch road surface of airport of Nanjing construct our company, tight to organize, construct meticulously , make roa

53、d surface roughness variance reach 0.68 and 0.55 more high-level respectively, have finished striving for the national best goal satisfactorily. This text combines construction and practises the reason to influence the roughness of road surface of pitch to analyse, propose the corresponding counterm

54、easure. 1, Influence of the construction quality at the basic level Old method on " basic unit level layer transfer , lower floor not smooth upper strata look for " in the past, at all impractical to what the roughness expects very much expressway. If the norm allows deviation 10mm of top

55、surface at the basic level, when fill and lead up the low-lying place of 10mm with the pitch mixture, though surface to pave, 10mm that place produce more this loose to can appear low-lying phenomenon still after debulk while being thick, its depth is 10- (10/1.2) =1.7mm (1.2 is the pitch mixture 附件

56、2：外文原文 Influence expressway pitch road surface roughness reason analysis and countermeasure In the construction of highway, because the pitch road surface has surface to levelled , drives a vehicle to resist the slippery , low in noise , short , characteristic of maintaining comfortably , wear-resis

57、tingly simply and conveniently etc. of cycle of constructing, and the extensive application of quilt. People go on the expressway by bus, the roughness can reflect the whole result after the expressway is open to the traffic directly , reflect road surface use quality and drive a vehicle most direct

58、 appearance index of comfortableness. While Shanghai and Nanjing expressway and expressway pitch road surface of airport of Nanjing construct our company, tight to organize, construct meticulously , make road surface roughness variance reach 0.68 and 0.55 more high-level respectively, have finished

59、striving for the national best goal satisfactorily. This text combines construction and practises the reason to influence the roughness of road surface of pitch to analyse, propose the corresponding countermeasure. 1, Influence of the construction quality at the basic level Old method on " basic unit level layer transfer , lower floor not smooth upper strata look for " in the past, at all impractical to what the roughness expects very much expressway. If the norm allows deviation 10mm of top s