英文历史读后感

1、英文历史读后感ComparisonofpointofHumanNaturebetweenLotariodeiSegni'sandPicodellaMirandolaIntroductionPeoplearehavingthequestionsaboutgoodandevilaboutthethingstheymetaslongaswehumanshavehadasenseofself.Someviewcanbecon-cludedthatpeopleareborntobegoodorevil.Howevertheothermayhavetheopponentview.Whatsmore

2、,othersprobablyhaveaideathatpeoplehavemixednaturewithcombinationofgoodandevil.Inthispaper,theauthorwillgiveabriefintroductionaboutthecomparisonofthecharactersofhumanna-turebetweendifferentpointofviewgivenbytwofamouspersons.Discussionsofhumannatureusuallytalksaboutconceptsofgoodnessandrationality.The

3、nthefollowingpaperwilldiscussandanalyzebrieflyateachoftheseissues.Theme1(comparisonbetweenLotariodeiSegnisandPicodellaMirando-la)InLotariodeiSegnispointofview,hethoughtthatpeoplewidelyacceptafactthatthecharacterofhumannatureisborntobegoodness.Peoplebecomebadorevilbecauseofbadenvironmentandimpropered

4、ucation.Asafamousoldsayingsays,“Agtinthneinvgeorfyabehumanbeing,thecharacterofhu-mannatureisgoodness.Bynatureallmenarealike,butbyeducationwidelydifferent.”(Brown,A1999).Itcanbeproveninaexample.Forexample,ac-cordingtogreateducationistMengziwhoisthemostfamouseducatorinChi-na,whathebelieveisthatthechar

5、acterofhumannatureisborntobegood-ness.Andthereissomethinggoodexistinginhumanmind.But,hedoesnotdenyapointofviewthatthecharacterofhumannatureisbad.Andthroughpropereducation,manypersonscanbecomegood.Thequestionisthatifpeopleareborntobebad,wheredoestheinitialgoodnesscomefrom?Healsoagreeapointinhisargume

6、ntwhichispraisedthatthecharacterofhumanna-turecanbedividedintothreekinds.InPicodellaMirandolaspointofview,heraisessomequestionsandproposesdifferentkindsofanswerstothisquestion:Becauseofthevariationoftheanswer,onthebasisofKluckhohnandStrodtbeckvalueorienta-tions(Cantor,N(ed)1999),thereisabestwaytopla

7、ceculturesonacontinuumwhichcanbedividedintothreelogicaldivisions:evilatoneendofthescale,goodandevilinthemiddle,andgoodattheotherendofthecontinuum.Hehavethepointthatcultures,withthepremisewhichpeopleareintrinsicallyborntobeevilthatcannotbetrusted,seektocontrolhumansbehaviorsinsomeinnsstitruatniogingf

8、romthereligioustothepolitical.Takesomeexam-ple,IslamcametotheMiddleEastatatimewhentheBedouinculturewasemergingonthebasisofimmoralityandhedonism.ThepeoplehaveapointthatAllahwasneededtosavethese“sinners.”IntheUnitedStates,the-itraotiroiennwhichinheritedfromtheirPuritanancestorsisrelatedtoaidearelatedt

9、ooriginalsin.But,itisacommonidealthatwearenothingbutperfectible.Wecanchange,prefect,and“besaved”byfollowingtetphso.sOensthebasisofthisview,afterconsistenthardwork,control,andself-discipline,goodnesscanbeachievedinpeoplend.Thisimsioneofthereasonswhyeducationandtrainingisoneofthemostimportantpartofthe

10、Americanmosaic.ForsomeChristians,theyholdaideaforalllifewhichisthatGodisthe“Father”andhumansaretheirchildren.AndtheycanbeguidedfromtheJesus(Nauert,C1995).Buttheymustmakechoicesbythemselvesbydecidingwhichtheycanchangefrombeingeviltobeinggood.Thatiscalled-he“lpsel”fapproach.Inthemiddleofthecontinuum,b

11、othgoodpeopleandbadpeopleareexistingintheworld.Thereforeyouhavetoidentifywhichcharactertheyhavewhentheycometocommunicatewithyou.Duringtherightguidance,peoplecanbechangedbytryingtheireffort.Howtheyendupdependsontheeventsintheirlives.TherepresentativeexampleismuchoftheEurope.PicodellaMirandolaholdsthi

12、sviewwithitsstrongtraditionoflearningandeducation.Mostpeoplearebasicallyprettygoodatheartbecausetheyareborntobegood,whichisseentobeanothermostextremeviewinthePicodellaMiran-dolaspointofview.ItisalsowidelyfoundintheBuddhisttradition.Becauseitsaidthatpeoplearebornpureandareclosesttotheconceptwhichisre

13、latedtokindness.Hence,peoplearegood,andourcultureiswhatmakesusevil.ThemeII(comparisonbetweenLotariodeiSegnisandPicodellaMiran-dola)Inthehistory,LotariodeiSegnialsoarguethatthereistensionoccurringbetweenthosewhobelieveinfateofmysticpowersandthosewhobelievethattheintellectcansolveanyproblemanddiscover

14、anytruth.Inhispointofviewaboutrationality,somedevelopingcountriesarehavingsomeirrationalitycomparedtothosedevelopedcountries.Anditisexemplifiedbyspiritualtradi-tionssuchasBuddhism,Hinduism,Taoism.HumansIntuitivewisdomemergesintoawarenessandthemediationtechniquesencourageintuitivewis-domtorisefromthe

15、depthsorthevoiceofthedivinetodescendintoindividualconsciousness.AccordingtoAsuncion-Landewhoisthemostfamousphiloso-pherintheworld,thatisoneofthecognitiveapproachthatisencouragingtothepredominantvalueof“manasrmhaonywithnature”andintuitivedisco-veryrelatedto“flashofinsight”(Burke,P1997).PicodellaMiran

16、dolamentionsthatKluckhohnandStrodtbeckhaveapointarguingimportantrationalityofhumannature.Generallyspeaking,peopleinthewesterncountrieshaveatrulybelievesrelatedtopowerofreasoning.Infact,accordingtoHobbesandBacon,whoisthemostfamousEnglishphiloso-phersintheworld,haveheldthatreasoningishumankinds“highes

17、tfacultyandachievement.”(Perr1y3,)M.etal.20Itisstillastrongrelianceon“facts.”ForAmericans,factsaremorereliableanddependableforthemcomparedtothesubjectiveevaluationsonthebasisoffeelingsandintuition.Inaconclu-sion,these“facts”forWesterners,representthemosteffectivewaytofindtruth.ThemeIII(comparisonbet

18、weenLotariodeiSegnisandPicodellaMiran-dola)Foronething,bothofthemhavedifferentargumentaboutthecharactersofhumannature.Theyalldividehumannatureintothreekindsoforientationsin-cludinggood,evilandmixedone.Inaddition,bothoftheyalldeeplybelieveafactthatinthepeoplecanbechangedandbecomearemodelapersonbecaus

19、eofpowerofeducation(Tarnas,R1996).Forotherthing,theeasternpeoplewidelyacceptthepointofviewthatpeopleareborntobegoodandpepplecanchangeintodifferentkindofonewithdifferentcharacterbecauseoftheenvi-ronmentandeducationwhichplaysasignificantroleinchanging.However,thewesternpeoplemostlyacceptthatthecharact

20、erofhumannatureisevil,whichmayoriginfromtheirculturesaboutreligionsandpolitics.LotariodeiSegnioftenfocusonpersonsinneremotionorfeelingsinthattheythinkintuitioncomesfromthedepthsofawarenesswhichisthesourceofcreativity.However,PicodellaMirandolatendstohaveapointthatisrelatedtoplaceintellectandrational

21、ityaboveothertraitsthatLotariodeiSegnioftenmaintains.FisherandLuystersaythat“intuittranscendsthedataofthesensesandthemanipulationofthemindtoperceivetruthsthatseemtoliebeyondreason.”PersonalevaluationHumannaturecanbegreatlyinfluencedbyculture.Itsreasonablethatdiffer-entcultureshavedifferentpointofvie

22、w.LotariodeiSegnithinksthatpeopleareborntobegood.ButPicodellaMirandolathinkspeoplecometotheworldwithoriginalsinandtheyareborntobesinners.Formyownpointofview,theworldiscomposedofreasonandemotion,bothofwhichcannotbeneg-lected.But,nomatterwhatthecontentis,itisgreatlyrelatedtotheirculturesbecauseofthesa

23、melifegoalwhichisthatpeoplewanttobegettingbetterandbetterwithwonderfulworld.Wehumanbeingscomefromdifferentculturaldomainshouldrespecteachotherandtrytoacceptthesimilaritiesandappre-ciatethedifferences,becauseitseveryhumanbeingsdutytomaketheworldbecomemoreandmoreharmonious.Humannatureisalighttoguideus

24、.Itisquitesignificanttoallofuswhenwearechasingourdreams.Henceforth,weshouldtryourbesttokeepakind-heartedinmindandavoidtobeevilbyre-fusingallkindsoflure.Weshouldbegenerositytothepersonswhoneedourhelp,havingapassionofpatriotismanddevelopingourvirtuous.ReferenceBrown,A1999,TheRenaissance,LongmanPress,Lon