英语音标学习资料

1、英语音标学习资料文章编号LS120309N01F第一节基础英语国际标准音标兀首（20个）甲儿日12个前元音（4个）i：ie?后元音（5个）a：?：P?:u：u中元音（3个）?：?双TE#8个合口双兀音（5个）ei?uaiau?i集中双兀音（3个）i?u?1?辅音（28个）清辅音（11个）ptkfs忆?t?trtsh浊辅音（17个）bdgvze?d?drdzlmn?jwr语音知识：1）字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i（y）,o,u2）音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3）元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有2

2、0元音。4）辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。5）音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand。6）开首ij：a）辅首+兀首+辅首+enamebikehomedue;Aa*'）Bbhi：）Co«!：）Dddi;b）辅首+兀首he,go,hi。E*出】FlIMGgdjiiHM仲山7）闭音:a）辅苜+兀首+辅苜bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;叫Jj（djei）KkkcijLI|elb）兀首+辅百itoMm国刑Un|en

3、Oo|au|P口pi:8）重建首|J:单词中发首特力1J响凫的首|J。OQ【kjuRRr加;as）Tt（tt:1Uuju：lVvfvi:JWwXh读音规则vyMM占叫也1）重读音节（见元音和辅音的例句）。2）非重读音节banana,student,today,after',iorange,secret,evening,very,Monday。特殊读音1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall、afterall。2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩

4、擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。goodgirl,goodstudentgoodjob,expression,school,extreme3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。Wouldyoudoit?Iamgladtomeetyou.Can'tyouseeit?lastyeathisyear。重音A）双音节词a）一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry。b）有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a&#

5、39;bout,be'lieve,ad'dressde'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'capepro'duce,ex'claim,trans'latec）有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节

6、上，词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'contentcon'tentd）有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fifteen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'wa

7、r,'post-'war。B）多音节词a）般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,opportunity,de'mocracy。b）有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,conductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,establishmentc）词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-

8、ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词，这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,experience,sufficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,protective。d）词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音子该后缀上，而且有一个

9、次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'neseciga'rette第二节各个音节的详细读音/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t/i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik/e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help/?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t/a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gl

10、a:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k/?:/horse/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/course/k?:s/salt/s?:t/?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/nist/u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n/u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud/?/must/m?st/does/d?z/money/'m?ni/ugly/gli?come/k?m/?:/nur

11、se/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l/?/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m/ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid?/?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/pose/p?uz/ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait/au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/ab

12、out/?'ba/usouth/sau/house/haus/?i/boy/b?i/toy/t?i/noise/n?iz/voice/v?is/point/p?int/coin/k?in/i?/ear/?/near/ni?/idea/ai7dihear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/sp?/?air/e?ear/te（?3（re/ke?/are/de?/air/f/ethere/e"/u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/L?/moor/mu?/（停泊）your/ju?/p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/p

13、i:pl/pride/praid/b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/b/?/t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid/d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di?/k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/'wi:kend/g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest/f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/

14、leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/'fetv?/v/very/'verifive/faiv/fever/'f/:v?serve/s?:v/never/'nev?/E/bath/ba:f/（v洗澡）thick/9k/mouth/mau（/breath/bref/（n呼吸）thought/。也author/?'0Ptruth/tru:/e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/'e?thus/e?s/then/een/s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?

15、ps/likes/laiks/stops/st?ps/z/close/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b?iz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz/t7catch/k?t7cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?watch/wt?child/t?aild/question/kwes?/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?ind?/d?/orange/fid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d?b/tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k/dr/dry/drai/

16、dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/'nd?id/?she/?:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi?shock/?%shoe/?u:/?/pleasure/'ple?easure/'me?elevision/'tenvi?/ts/let's/lets/ports/sp?ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts/dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st?ndz/h/he/hi:/hard/

17、ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f/八/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait/m/my/mai/more/m?:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men/n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain/?/sing/si?/wing/wi?/ring/ri?/long/l?/beautiful/bju:t?fl/j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/'mju:z

18、ik/student/'stxcuse/ik'skju:z/w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twin/twin/r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r?/problem/'pl?m/第三节音标综合练习1 ./i:/i/e/?/bit/wi:k/di:l/ri?l/kid/dig/kwik/tip/zip/rid/wil/fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet/p?k/g?p/k?g/n?g/r?m/b

19、?tl/sed/'h?pi/ten/red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/'setl/tr?/di'pend/settletrashdepend2 ./a:/?:/?/u:/u/a:sk/ma:sk/pa:st/fra:ns/?d/l?:n/n?:t/p?z/f?ks/s?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa:/la:d?/ma:k/l?d/t?:/st?:m/p?t/kr?p/et/pr?mis/woodfarlargemarkLordtorchstormpo

20、tcropthoughtpromise/huk/lu:s/sut/tuk/mud/&u:/pul/wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpull3 ./?/?/?/b?z/d?l/h?ri/g?lf/tr?bl/?:n/s?:f/t?:n?/beg?/t?k/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b/?:k/?merik/s?k?/k?mp?/s?vei/p?Veid/p?h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b?:lesk/m?

21、d?/burlesquemurder4 ./ei/?u/ai/au/?i/keip/greit/mein/pr?p?uz/'m?n/st?un/'uV?/sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim/daut/'taipist/aust/m?ist/'ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?/?7/u?/vi?/?'f?/d?Z/sk?Z/bu?n/gu?d/'u?r?l/?'i?/k?l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebo

22、urngourdruralappearColombia/m?ti?ri?l/misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./H/e/m?n(/H:f/e?t/e?n/fei(/t?'gg/0?k/e?mselvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves第四节音标的分辨ThesunTongueTwister(1)Therearethirty-threetreesthere.(0,e(2)Abigblackbugbitthebackofthebigblackbear.Thebigblackbearbeatbacktheb

23、igblackbug.(/b/),(3)Shesellsseashellsontheseashore,andtheshellsshesellsareseashells.I'msurebecauseifshesellsshellsattheseashore,theshellsshesellsareseashellsforsure.(/97s/,/z/,/2)(4)Thereisakitteninthekitchen.Inthekitchen,Iflythechicken.AflyfliesintothekitchenwhileIfryingthechicken.(/t7)(5)Youar

24、enoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonight.Foranight,light'asslightlightandtonight'asnightthatlight.WhenanightTightliketonight'slight,it'sreallynotquitrighttolightnightlightswiththeirslightlight'onthelightnightliketonight.(/n/-/l/)his(6)Thesunshinesonthesmallshopsigns.(/s/

25、-?-/)(7)WhydidnyoudothatwhatItoldyoutodo?(/-/)(8)Thedoctorsdaughterknockedatthelockeddoor.(/1p2/)(9)Mikelikestowritebythe(10)Isthispairofscissorsofhissister'(/s/-/z/)(11)PetepickedupapieceofWilliamwantstoknowwhethernicebrightlightatnight.sisters?Yes,isthepairpaperandputitintothetheweatherwillbew

26、etterofscissorspaperbasket.tomorrow.of(/w/)i:ee：threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekweekea：eatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleasee：heshemetheseieE:ie：piecereceiveceilingfieldi：sitpictureitisiflistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmilkshipwithwindowbeginy：mythmanytwentyhappydictionaryea：ir：e：defec

27、tdecidedeliciousheadbreadpleasurereadye：elephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhoteleswelletverstemenlistengirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdfirstur：turnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerhurtear：learnearnearthhearder：termhernerdserveverbor：workwormworkerwordworldworseE：er：teacherlea

28、derrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderor：doctoractormayorauthortractorforgeto：togethertomorrowtodayWashingtoncontrolpolitepolicemanoa：aroundaccountagoelephantbananaChinabreakfastAmericanabovee：hundredstudentar：carfarmcardarmgardenpartystara：fastclasslastglassplantare：areu：upsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbus

29、cutusluckbutcuto：comemotherbrotherloveabovemonthou：troubleroughflourishoo：bloodfloodal：smallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkor：shortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreau：authorcaughtour：fourmourncourtar：warmquarrelquarterou：oo：u：aw：drawsawflawboughtoughtfoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothschooltoo

30、noodlecooltruetruthblueoo：lookgoodfootbookcookou：shouldcouldwouldu：putfullbullpullpusho：womanwolfing：singkingmorningeveningcial：socialspecialsion：propulsiontensionprogressionpassionprotrusionprovisionconclusiontelevisiontion：stationnationtranslationattentionquestionear：pearbearair：chairairfairhairpa

31、irare：carehareere：therewhereeer：beerdeerear：eardearnearere：hereea：ideaie：fierceoy：boytoyjoyoi：oilsoilvoicechoicenoisejoino：homecoldgonophonehostghostnoseo：wknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowwindowyellowoa：boatcoatgoalroadauou：houseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseroundaboutow：flowerdownnowcow

32、howtowna：namecakelategateplaneAprilfacetakeradiospaceay：playsaymaywaytodayMayea：greatbreakai：rainpaintplainey：theygreyoo：lookgoodfootbookcookou：shouldcouldwouldu:putfullbullpullpusho：womanwolf.元音发音规则一、前元音所谓前元音是指发音时要使用舌前部，也就是说舌前部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住下齿，口形扁平，不要收圆。四个前元音中发i:的时候舌前部抬得最高，牙床近乎全合。发i的时候舌前部比i:稍低，牙床也开得稍

33、大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。发第三个前元音e的时候舌前部比i又要第一些，牙床也开得更大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖。发第四个前元音口的时候舌前部最低，牙床开得最大。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指。后兀首所谓后元音是指发音时要使用舌的后部，也就是说舌后部要向软腭抬起。发后元音时舌尖可以不抵下齿。除了后元音q:要用中常唇外，其它四个音都要用圆唇，发音时嘴要拢圆。个别的音如uu:嘴唇还要向前突出。其次，要注意后元音的舌位。五个后元音中q：晌舌位最低，开口最大。口的舌位比Q:稍高，开口度比q：稍小。:的舌位比又要更高一些，开口度比?再小一些。u的舌位比:又要

34、高一些，开口度再小一些。u:的舌位最高，开口最小。三、中元音所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌的中部，也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起，舌尖可以轻抵下齿，口形扁平或中常。:的舌位最高，口的舌位最低，?的舌位介乎两者之间，比:稍低，比稍高。上面提到了12个单元音。英语里还有8个双元音。这8个双元音又可分成两类，合口双元音和集中双元音，下面分别讲解。四、合口双元音所谓合口双元音”是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是一个合口元音i或u。发双元音时要注意从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动。在滑动过程中，口形、舌位都有明显的变化。另外，还要注意双元音的下面几个特点：1、前长后短（前音长后音短）。2、前重后轻（前音发得重，后音发得轻）。3、前音清楚，后音模糊。五、集中双元音所谓集中双元音是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是中元音。发音时要注意第一个元音向第二个元音滑动时的口形和舌位的变化。比如发I时舌位由前元音i向中元音的滑动。口