非谓语的用法总结

1、非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓 语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的， 表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一作主语（动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being,动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：Playing with fire is dan gerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火）To play with fire will

2、 be dangerous玩火会发生危险。2）用动名词做主语的句型：It s no use/no /pdeidsure doing sth故没有用处/好处/乐趣It s a waste of time doing做th 浪费时间It is worth doing sth值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收It is worth making an appo in tme nt before you g去之前预约一下是值得的。3）不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用 of

3、sb 如 considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wio单词 出现 时。It is silly of you to say so.It is importa nt for us to lear n En glish well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- +

4、 to不定式”可做主语。女口：When to leavehasri t been decided ye什么时候动身还没定呢。Whether to drive or take the trains still a problem是 自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:Seeing is believi ng.= To see is to belieVI 见为实。Plan ti ng flowers n eeds con sta nt wateri ng.但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致, 谓语

5、一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral说谎与盗窃是不道德的。6）动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。女口：What made him an gry?Mary s /My/His/He/Their/ The boy s/ The president(isartengiiatingry.过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上 being构成动名词，做主语。如：Being_exposed_to_the_s|unharmful to the skinBeing examined twice a yeawether it is a car, a

6、bus or a trjck, is the rule that everydriver must obey in this city 经典练习：1. It s important for the figures(update) regularly.2. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times whensitbetter(rema in)sile nt.3. It s really stupid of you(tell) him the news yesterday so it has been disturbinghim

7、all the time.4. (un dersta nd)your own n eeds and styles of com muni cati on is as importa nt aslear ning to convey your affect ion and emoti ons.5. (worry) about your grades dodsn help.6. The engine just wont start. Someth ing seems(go) wrong with it.参考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4

8、. understanding 5. worrying 6.to go 改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1. Its standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid tech niq ues will help you resp ond quickly to emerge ncies.4. D

9、o well in an in terview will be an importa nt part of gett ing a place at uni versity.5. He told us whether have a pic nic was still un der discussi on.6. How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案：1.在 employ 前加 to 2. Hear 改为 Hearing3. Know 改为 Knowing4. Do 改为 Doi ng 5. have 前加 to

10、6. preve nt 前加 to.二作定语1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、 工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如：The Brow ns have a comfortable house live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如： The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any the only等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑 上的主动关系，女口：He was the best marto do the job.She wa

11、sthe first womanto win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做定语，常见的有：promise, plan,attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readineSSI don t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no pla n to go the

12、re.He made an attempt to sta nd up.Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语：V+ing可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请 区别下面短语：the boili ng/ boiled water.正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水(表完成) a good-look ing flower. 一朵好看的花儿(表特征) the develop ing coun tries/ the developed coun trie发展中国家 /发达国家

13、欢迎下载the falli ng leaves / the falle n leave正 在下落的叶子 / 落叶the remaining mon ey/ the money le剩下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到.的”，过去分词形式 表示“感到.的”如:an excit ing voice 一个令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音a puzzling expression 个令人困惑的表情a puzzled expression一个困惑的表情4) 区别下列后置定语的用法：r to be done表示被动、将来；done表示被动、完

14、成；being done表示被动、正在进行；v+ing表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ loo和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式。Have you read the noveW ritten by Dicke ns?Liste n! The son gbeing sungs very popular with stude nts.The questiorto be discussed tomorrow s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting

15、deliciousells well.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的；having dong或者 having been done般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过去分词本身就表被动和完成。请完成下面的练习1. There are many people(wait) outside the hall.2. There are many problems( rema in) to be solved.3. The flowers(smell) sweet attract a lot of people.4. There are many people(in vite) to the

16、 party.5. The film,(set) in the lEce ntury, won the medal.6. The meeting(hold)now is of great importa nee.7. The meeting(hold)yesterday was of great importa nee.8. The meeti ng(hold)tomorrow is of great importa nee.9. He is always the first(come) and the last(leave)10. He is the only pers on(know) t

17、he truth.11. He was the best(do) the job.13. A great nu mber of stude nts(questi on) said they were forced to practice the pia no.14. Joh n has really got the job because he showed me the official letter(offer) it to him.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelo

18、pe(provide)16. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds(stay) away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stanc) in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile ofmail(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place(leave) on the writi

19、ng cotwhy don t you give it a try?20. In some Ian guages, 100 words make up half of all words(use) in daily con versati ons.21. Volun teeri ng gives you a cha nee（cha nge） lives, in cludi ng your own.参考答案：1.waiting 2.remaining3. smelling 4.invited 5. set6.being held 7.held 8. to be held9. to come 10

20、. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13. questio ned 14. offeri ng 15. provided 16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. lef20. used 21. to leave 22. to change三.作表语（不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语）1. 动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体 的动作，尤其是某一次的动作 例如：比较下列区别His favorite sport is swimmi ng.泛指游泳）Your task today is

21、to wash the curtain指一次具体的工作）2 - .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/t感d1! excit in g/disappo in ti ng/frighte nin g/pleas in g/satisfy ing/in teresti ng/puzzli ng/tiri令人He is moved by the moving movie.The film is movi ng.It is a pleasa nt trip.（pleasa nt 做前置定语）The t

22、rip is pleasing/pleasing 做 表语）3. 注意下歹卩表达方式： My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain的表语1）remain to be done仍需去做/有待于 One problemremians to be solved.It remians to be seewhether the operati on was successful.2）remain做仍然是”讲时，可用名词，adj,介词，现在分词或者过去分词作表语He remained stuck 滞留）a

23、broadPeter became a man ager, but Jaemained a worker.Whatever achievements you ve made, yemahouihobdest.无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。He had toremain in hospitau ntil he was better 他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。 This solid stone square tower haptemained standingor one thousand years. The guests came in, but shemained sittin

24、g/seateat the desk readi n 客人们都来了，但她还 坐在写字台旁读书。As before, heremained unmoved 他和以往一样无动于衷。注意：1）用作不及物动词，意思是 剩下；剩余；遗留”，此时不能用进行时态，也没有被 动语态。After the fire, very little rema in ed of his house火 灾过后，他的家所剩无几。2）remaining是形容词，意为 剩余的，常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语。例如: There are still some apples lefts 剩余一些苹果。I bought a g

25、ift for her with the remai ning mon ey我 用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。3）remain作名词时表示 剩余物” 一般用其复数形式。例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dyn 考古学家发现了一些宋 代遗迹。5. 1）主语+ seem +（to be ）+表语，表语多为名词或形容词Tom seems （to be ） a very clever bo汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。The man over there seems to be a new teac那边的那个人看上去像一个新老2）主

26、语 + seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn t s或seems not ） to like the ide格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。 The childre n seemed to be eat ing someth ing in the roc孩子 们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。 The young man seemed to have cha nged mu这个年轻人看起来变化很大。6. 当不定式用作表语时，其中的to原则上是不能省略的。如：His aim is to do two years 他的目标标是一年干两

27、年的工作。但有一种例外，那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。如：What you first do is （to） mix the egg with flour你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。All I did was （to） touch the wi ndow, and it broke我 只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了 经典练习1. My worry is your（rely） too much on your pare nts.2. Please rema in（seat）; the winner of the prize will be announ ced

28、 soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important instaying（ connect）答案：1.re lying2.seated 3.c onn ected四.作宾语（不定式和动名词都可以作宾语）1. 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练，否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider（考虑）；advise/suggest/propose/recomme建议）；excuse/pardoi原谅）； admi

29、t/acknowledge承认）；delay/postpone/put o推迟）;imagine/fancy想像）；avoid （避免）； practise （练习）；deny（否认）;finish（完成）;appreciate/acknowledg感谢）;forbid 禁止）;mind（介 意）;escape逃 脱）；此外，这些动词也跟动名词：miss（错过）；enjoy（享受）；risk冒险）；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with（容忍）；quit（停止）advocate提倡）；resist （抵制）understand理解）；allow/permit允 许）短语

30、：feel like doing st（喜欢做某事；give up doing放弃做某事）;keep doing不停的做某事）;be busy doing sth pan t hedging sth （情不自禁）；be worth doing sth值得做某事）；have difficulty/trouble doing sth（.有困难 /麻烦）;have a hard/good time doing s 做.很开心 / 不开心;have fun doing sth 做.很开心 succeed in doing st成功做某事句型：It is no use/good /pleasure do

31、ing 做 h.没有用处 / 好处 / 乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do s没必要做某事It s a waste of time doing s做 .浪费时间欢迎下载It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine, learn,

32、want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,（afford, strive, happen, wait, threa诀之外的单词） She prete nded not to see me whe n I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hfeturned up yet.3. forget go on mean, regret, remember, stop, t

33、ry等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾 语，但意义上有区别。forget to do sthforget doing sthgo on to do sthgo on doing sthmean to do sthmean doing sthregret to say/tell/inform/announceregret doing sth/having doneremember to do sthremember doing sthstop to do sthstop doing sthtry to do sthtry doing sthcanthelp （to） do sthhelp doi

34、ng sthcanthelp but do sth =cabut do sthsb used to do sthsb be used to doing sthsth be used to do sthbe afraid to do stl不 敢做某事 be afraid of doing st担心发生某事 be sure to do st一 定会.be sure of doing st!信会.Let s go on studying Lesson（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。） Let s go on to study Lesson6让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）

35、I remember doing the exercise.（我记得做过练习。） I must remember to do it.（我必须记着做这事。） I tried not to go there.（我设法不去那里。） I tried doing it again.（我试着又干了一次。） Stop speaking.（不要讲话。） He stopped to talk.（他停下来讲话。） I mean to come early today.（我打算今天早些来。） Miss ing the train means wait ing for ano ther hour误 了这趟火车意味着再

36、等一个小时）4. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作 宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sth allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthWe don t allow smoking here.We don t allow students to smoke.欢迎下载动词need require, want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作 宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示

37、被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动 形式来表示被动意义。Sth |need/ want/require doing / to be done需要 .Sth be worth doing 值得.deserve to be done/ doing.值得 .The wi ndow n eeds/requires/wa nts clea nin g/to be clea ned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve con sideri ng/ to be con side这些建议应该被考虑。5. to为介词的短语devote

38、 on eself/ on time to 把巴贡献给.）; look forward to 期望）;pay atte nti on to 注 意）; attach importanee to 重视）;be used/accustomed t习惯于做某事）;when it comes to 当谈至U做某事）;get down to（着手）; prefer doing sth to doing sth喜欢而不喜欢；turn to doing sth转向）;thanks to 多 亏）；lead to 导致）;the key to doing sth （做某事的关键）;object to/be o

39、pposed t反对）;contribute to （有助于）;be addicted to doing st沉湎于；对.上瘾）;make contributions to对做出贡献）;due to （由于）；apply oneself to致力于）;stick to （坚持）；come close to（接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to heari ng from you soon.6. 不定式做动词（词组）tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, d

40、ecide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时，前面常常带引导词 how, what, whether, where, when, who等，但是 why后加不带 to 的不定式。He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don know what to do= I don t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or gWe must decide whether we ll stay or go.Can

41、you tell me why do it?7在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时， 指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。I love swimmi ng. I love to swim today.8. start, begin, continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。It started to snow. He is begi nning to cook dinn er. I bega n to un dersta nd what he mea nt.典型例题1. David threa

42、te ned（report） his n eighbor to the police if the damages were n ot paid.2. He chose（keep） sile nt whe n asked why.3. He volun teered（help） the victims in the earthquake.4. When ever you are in trouble, don t hesitate（ask） me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildi ngs

43、 in the area n eed（repair）.6. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We don t allow（smoke） here.7. I hear they ve promoted Tom, but he didn t mention（promote） when we talked on the8. Bill suggested（hold） a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciate（have） time to holiday

44、with you on this nice isla nd.10. I can hardly imagi ne her(marry) such a men as Lee.11. It s quite hot today. Do you feel like (go) for a swim?12. The film star wears sun glass. Therefore, he can go shopp ing without(recog ni ze).13. They are quiet, aren t they?Yes, they are accustomed to not talk

45、at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America whe n I can only earn 800 Yuan a mon th.15. Would you mind tur n dow n your radio a little, please?16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked los ing his life in order to save th

46、e drow ning girl.19. He was con sideri ng cha nged his mind.20. He was con sidered to be very rich.21. Don t worry. We can man age to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve tbeefiina l su24. One lea

47、rns a Ianguage by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new

48、 look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret(inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried(persuade) her to accept their in citati on, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further

49、 in grass because she was afraid of being bitte n by a sn ake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I m afraidI can t help paintingthe house this after noon.35. Icouldnt choose but to accept hi

50、sinvitation.36. I m sorry. I didn t mean hurt you.37. Now thatwe have finisheExercise I, let s go on todb Exercise38. Icouldnt help but admiring him forhis courage.39. Oh, my good ness! I forgot to lock the door last ni ght. Is there anything miss ing?40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss

51、aga in.41. The competitor n ever dreamed of there(be) a cha nee for him to win the first prize in the100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister(win) the con test?43. The doctor does not mind I eat ing a little meat occasi on ally.44. She didn t mind hertbkek away and used by other students.45. I

52、 in sist on Mary go there.46. I knew nothing about the window was ope n.47. He left the city without our know it.答案：1. to report 2. to keep 3. to help 4.to ask 5.repairing 6.smoking 7.having been promoted 8.holding 9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.ta改为 taking 14正确 15.turn改为 turn

53、ing 16.caught 前加 being 17正确 18.正确 19.changec改为 changing 20正确 21.正确 22正确 23正确 24.correct 改为 correcting 25.attecke前力口 being 26.having改为 being 27.spea改为 speaking 28.stud改为 studying 29.to inform 30.to persuade 正确 32.taken前加 being 33正确 34.painting改为 paint 35去 掉 to 36正确 37正确 38.admiring 39正确 40.paid前加 bei

54、ng 41.being 42.winning 43改为 my 或me 44.taken前加 being 45.go改为 going,或去掉 on 46.was改为 being 47.know改为 knowing 五作状语不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。（一）不定式作状语1. 不定式作目的状语In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to只能放于句中，in order to和so as to放 于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。To catch the early bus/I n order to

55、 catch the early bus, he gets up early.=He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took dow n my teleph one nu mber so as / in order not to forget it.=In order not to forget it, Bob took dow n my teleph one nu mber.2. 不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth;e nough to do

56、 sth; too - .to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果。I m not so stupid as to write it down.=h not such a fool as to write it down.He is clever eno ugh to be fit for the job.J ane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone. 比较：He died, leaving only debts动名词表示自然而然的结果）Im too tired to stay up Ion

57、ger.注意：only tooto结构中，并非是太.而不能.之意，而表示非常.”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happ等。Im only too glad to have passed the exam试及格了，我非常高兴。Im too willi ng to help you.3. 不定式作原因状语当这些形容词 light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant,dangerous impossible,in teresti ng nice等出现时要用主动表被动。This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to un dersta nd.（二）分词做状语分词作状语时，